Stylistic Description Research Articles

Exploring the Fictional World in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: A Critical Stylistic Study

Critical stylistics is an interesting area that explores ideologies and social concepts, specifically in literary genres. Although critical stylistic studies are increasing, limited studies have explored social concepts in Romantic poetry. Hence, this qualitative study aimed at exploring the construction of the fictional world in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge employing Functional Grammar. The poem was analysed to highlight the linguistic elements that contribute to the construction of the fictional world by Coleridge. Nominal and verbal groups, word order, and deictic expressions were analysed within the framework of Critical Stylistics. The findings revealed that nouns and their descriptions are sometimes incompatible with the fictional world of Coleridge. Verbs are used to express the speaker's full control over the hearer and other characters in the poem. These linguistic phenomena were employed with varied frequencies. The findings of the study, firstly, extended the existing knowledge of the critical stylistic description of poetry, and secondly illustrated how the combination of linguistic elements could present new meanings.

Language and Democracy in Nigeria: A Stylistic Study of Late President Umar Musa Yar’adua’s Inaugural Speech of May 29, 2007

Language is central to the activities of politics as it is employed by politicians throughout the world to gain, use, delegate and retain power. In the inauguration of a new president, a requisite component of the rites is the delivery of address marking the formal beginning of a new government. Traditionally, it is a speech marked by its persuasive and commission orientations besides its request for solidarity. This paper attempts a stylistic analysis of President Musa Yar’adua’s inaugural speech of May 29, 2007 for its peculiar appeal at the time of delivery and the trust it gained though the speaker died during his tenure of office. The analysis covers the various levels of stylistic description to establish the choices that account for the effectiveness of the address. It finds that the speech is typical in its promise of good leadership and appeal for support. It identifies the devices of style in the speech to include purposeful capitalization, sustained rhythmic flow, complex verbal group, flexible sentence types, apt lexical and syntactic choices, dislocation and vocative. The paper concludes that the unity of purpose which characterizes the address is a product of the apt choices made and its overall quality is marked by tactfulness. It thus recommends that the kind of felicitous oratorical techniques used in the speech translates to administrative ingenuity needed for salvaging Nigeria from poverty, political cabals, disease and underdevelopment by Nigerian presidents henceforth.

IDIOLEKT DOBRILA NENADIĆA U KONTEKSTU NOVIJIH LINGVOSTILISTIČKIH ISTRAŽIVANjA SRPSKE PROZE

On the corpus of 18 linguistic papers dealing with certain aspects of the language and style of Nenadić’s novels, the present study reviews the achievements of linguistic research on the language and style of Nenadić’s novels. An attempt is made to propose a concept for the linguistic and stylistic description and interpretation of Nenadić’s idiolect, referencing to the previous results, and in the context of recent linguistic and stylistic research of Serbian prose. Since, from the thematic aspect, the works of this writer relate to Serbian medieval his- tory, Serbian modern history, as well as the life in today’s Serbian small towns, it is expected that the writer use different linguistic and stylistic resources, in accordance with the theme of the novel. Thus, harmonisation of the linguistic and stylistic description and interpretation of Nenadić’s prose with the theoretical-methodological concept of integral stylistics was per- formed in the current paper.

LEAD FIGURINES FROM THE SANCTUARY OF ARTEMIS ORTHIA AT SPARTA IN THE ART GALLERY OF GREATER VICTORIA (CANADA): PROBLEMS OF TYPOLOGY AND COLLECTIONS HISTORY

This paper presents the collections history and typological characteristics of a small collection of Laconian lead figurines from the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia currently held in the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The collection, which first belonged to Ramsay Traquair, serves as a case study for the applicability of the traditional lead figurine typology to decontextualised artefacts, demonstrating its limitations for assigning precise and accurate dates based on style without the benefit of stratigraphic and contextual evidence. The paper further attests to the value of comprehensively analysing small museum and gallery collections in order to gain more individualised understandings of the figurines within the large Laconian corpus than could be afforded upon excavation. Thus, this study helps to elucidate some of the limitations to the means by which we interpret Laconian material culture as well as to nuance our understanding of Laconian lead figurines by demonstrating the varied capability of the typology and published comparanda in dating and stylistic description.

Language Contact, Cognition, and Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Greek Pentateuch

Abstract This study engages recent discussions concerning the description of the Greek of the LXX Pentateuch and the nature of source text interference. Research in contact linguistics and cognition provides a framework to describe the various phenomena observed, ranging from borrowing of linguistic material to the more widespread structural transfer. Processes such as pivot-matching and the cognitive aspects of word-choice transfer shed light on the mechanics of translation and issues such as the nature of cross-linguistic influence and a translator’s apparent inconsistencies. In this context, the intelligibility of specific renderings or their grammatical conventionality are not sufficient criteria for assessing cross-linguistic influence since its effects can be felt at the level of register or genre. This has important ramifications for the register or genre categorization of various textual units of the LXX Pentateuch and stylistic descriptions.

Clay figurine of an owl of the Lower Pritobolye

The object of this research is the clay figurine of an owl discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in the Yurtobor 9 hillfort on the right bank of the Tobol River. The goal lies in introduction of in the scientific discourse of the new unique sample of small clay plastic, as well as in preliminary determination of the functional purpose of the item. The following tasks were set: morphological and stylistic description of the item; description of the context of discovery of the figurine; establishment of the chronological framework of existence of the item, its cultural affiliation; familiarization with the history of studying the regional clay figurines in the Russian archaeological science; search for analogies in the archaeological sites of Siberia and other territories; assessment of the semantic connotation of the image of an owl in the traditional culture of Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi). To article employs the traditional methods, such as comparative-historical, typological, comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, semantic methods, as well as method of analogies. As a result of the conducted research, the clay figurine of an owl is attributed to the Yudinskaya archaeological culture and dated within the framework of the XI – XII centuries. It is established that it is the only item in Western Siberian region depicting a bird in the technique of small clay plastic. Based on the analysis of ethnographic literature and medieval archaeological finds, it is established that for a long period of time, the image of an owl had positive semantic connotation due to its high sacred status. The author assumes on the use of figurine of an owl in religious rites associated with hearth and home.

Saint Nicholas Church in the pomor settlement of Maloshuyka — the oldest tent roof temple of the octagon-on-quadrangle type. History and architecture

Introduction. The Saint Nicholas Church in Maloshuyka, dated 1638, is notable for being one of the earliest known examples of a widely spread type of wooden temple. Despite its historical and cultural significance, this object remains largely unstudied. To better understand the development of Russian wooden church construction and set up a typology, it is necessary to consider the Saint Nicholas Church in the context of all-Russian church building traditions of the 17th century. A monument of such significance needs to have its own place in the history of Russian wooden architecture.
 
 Materials and methods. The study was based on historical archival documents and on-site survey results. We considered the monument together with the history of the settlement and the entire region. A joint historical and architectural approach was used to study the object. The object was compared with its equivalents via comparative typological analysis. In order to identify individual and typical features in the Saint Nicholas Church architecture, typologically similar objects were reviewed chronologically and geographically.
 
 Results. New historical sources were introduced into the scientific discourse. Construction history and periodization of the Saint Nicholas Church were identified. We determined changes in appearance at each construction stages, and described architectural, artistic and stylistic descriptions of the object at each construction stage. The object was compared with similar objects, and characteristic features of this type of church at the early stages of its evolution were identified. They were expressed in general dimensions, proportions, and decorative finish. Regional typical features and all-Russian features were singled out. The place of the object in the Russian history of wooden architecture was defined.
 
 Conclusions. The Saint Nicholas Church is a unique monument of Russian wooden architecture. Being the oldest tent roof wooden temple of octagon-on-quadrangle type, this object reflects the earliest development stages of this architectural type. The Saint Nicholas Church has certain local architectural features, but it generally conforms to the all-Russian architectural traditions of the 17h century.

The rhetoric of emulation in the analysis of the poetic text of Sheikh Muhammad Abu Musa 'Its concept and levels'

The style used in the methods of the early poets and in the construction of their methods, and it was not disclosed as a rhetorical art that influenced the improvement of speech and the display of its aesthetic advantages, despite its mention in the books of rhetoric and critics. He did not take a specific stylistic description that earned him the characteristic of the current scientific term, and he went through different stages, shifts and changes in concepts, so he went in two different directions: one intended to emulate the poet with another poet’s poetry in stylistic formulation or in building the meaning, or both. The second: means the indication of the movement of the pre-narrated letter. On these two directions, the example remained for a time until we saw it clearly appear in the readings of Dr. Muhammad Abu Musa for pre-Islamic poetry and its evocation of the advantage of this concept in the rhetorical lesson, so it began to form and highlight its stylistic features with a broader horizon extending in the atmosphere of poetry, and more focused on its aesthetic feature and its effect in improving speech. This appearance predicts a rhetorical value that took a specific stylistic character in the structures and praising it without defining it idiomatic, which has its stylistic components and stylistic elements. This study aims to track its origins and development, starting from its origins in rhetorical and critical heritage until it settled in Sheikh Muhammad Abu Musa and took a specific scientific idiomatic characteristic, and then explaining his models, levels, and aesthetic effect on the style of speech, and its rumor in the rhetorical lesson.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЭТИЧЕСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Р. М. РИЛЬКЕ В АНГЛИЙСКИХ ПЕРЕВОДАХ

This study aims to assess the adequacy of the form of German sonnets when reproduced in English translations. The focus is on interrogative sentences, which, together with the sonnet in the form of a macro-sentence, the shortened verse and enjambment, are the characteristics of the innovative features of Sonnets to Orpheus by R. M. Rilke. The lyrical cycle Sonnets to Orpheus is among the most translated into world languages of Rilke’s poetry works, as well as Duino Elegies. Both professional and amateur poets and translators have been competing to put the Austrian writer’s best poems into English. Here we examine more than twenty English translations of the Sonnets into English, made from 1936 to 2008. The importance of the comparative linguistic-stylistic study of the original and its translations is determined by the continuing interest in Rilke’s works in English-speaking countries and the necessity to understand the principles of reconstructing the features of Rilke’s poetics using the English language. The system of methods used in this work includes: historical and philological analysis, comparative linguistic and stylistic description, as well as comparative analysis of the original and translation in the form that was developed in the works of V. Bryusov (1905), N. Gumilev (1919), M. Lozinsky (1935), E. Etkind (1963), S. Goncharenko (1987). We have found that the innovative nature of German sonnets is not always reflected in English translations. In some translations, American and British translators significantly modified the form of the original: interrogative sentences dominating in XVII and XVIII sonnets of the second part of the lyric cycle were not reproduced in English translations made by G. Good, D. Young, C. Haseloff, N. Mardas Billias and others.

Розробка структури інформаційної технології організації особистого тайм-менеджменту

The articles propose the structure of information technology of the organization of the secret management personality on the basis of sociological descriptions. The work is seen as a startup idea. Four stages are demonstrated by means of which the startup from idea turns into the stable company: Identification of consumers, Verification of consumers, Attraction of consumers, Creation of the company. To achieve the success of the project, an analysis of the market and possible risks was conducted. The main focus is on description as one of the most accurate methods of operational market analysis. A review of 2 main relevant descriptions for time management: How we organize our working day and and Time management in the organization of educational activities of students of higher education. The results of researches when the best productivity of introduction of days is shown are shown; as well as on which days of the week the best responsible work is planned. Based on the description, the problematic aspects of the topic were identified: orderliness, purposefulness, persistence, fixation on goals, self-organization, focus on the present. Based on the selected problem aspects and new ideas, the actual description is carried out, which confirms the hypotheses created before the description, emphasizes the ideas and further allows to highlight new knowledge, which is included in the basis of functional parts of the service - modules. There has been conducted a study of the target audience of the development system. A stylistic description of each component is given and the relationship between them is shown. The main blocks are the following: authorization, menu, event planning, focus, forecasting, psychology, motivation, integration, communication, free platform. It is demonstrated that the connecting component is the Menu block. The module is integrated into the general structure of information technology of personal time management based on the star topology.

Authenticity of the Vladimir Melnik’s graphic art

In small graphic works for book pages and stamps (mixed technique), the artist provides both typological and psychological descriptions, both thorough details and overall atmosphere. V. Melnik complies with the basic requirements for an illustrator of non-fiction, as evidenced in the accuracy of depiction, detailed portrayals, solid draftsmanship of the works. But the artist goes beyond the requirements, since he usually individualizes the appearances and animates the precisely reconstructed background landscapes (“Stefan the Great”, “Castles of Moldavia”). Given the fragmentation, the rhythm of the silhouettes is accentuated (“Birds of the World”). The rigor of the drawing is combined with the integrity of color, and exquisite detailing with the monumentality, implying grandeur and even epic content (“Animals Disappeared”, “Birds of Moldova”, series of stamps issued by “Moldavian Post”). In the times when digital technologies affect the process of making illustrations, artworks by V. Melnik are valuable for the character of unique piece products, as they appear to be like pearls of filigree decoration. В статье рассматривается творчество Владимира Мельника, одного из самых опытных мастеров графического искусства Республики Молдова. Несмотря на значительные достижения художника в разных областях графики, ранее его творчество не было изучено. Автор статьи освещает многолетнюю деятельность мастера для введения его произведений в международный научный оборот. Анализируются работы, выполненные с 1980-х по 2010-е годы: натурные и полуфантастические композиции (офорт, меццо-тинто, пастель), документальные изображения для книг и марок (темпера с добавлениями гуаши, акварели, карандаша, пастели). Работая в трех областях графики – станковой, книжной и малых форм, В. Мельник проявляет утонченность художественного исполнения, а также тонкое пейзажное видение. Станковые произведения выделяются метафоричностью художественного языка и обилием насыщенных черных тонов. Усложнение технического исполнения приводило к созданию неповторимых эффектов. Графика малых форм, предназначенная для репродуцирования в книгах и на марках, интересна емкостью при описательной правдоподобности. Мастер стремится одновременно к типологизации и психологизации образов, к детальной разработанности и обобщенности форм. Творчество В. Мельника показательно как синтез старинных и современных традиций разных видов графики в талантливой авторской обработке.

ЖОАН ХАРРИСНИНГ “ШОКОЛАД” АСАРИДА ШИРИНЛИК ТАСВИРЛАРИ УСЛУБИЯТИ ВА ТАРЖИМА МУАММОСИ

This article analyzes the use of descriptions of gluttonic descriptions in the 21st century. The stylistic features of the names of sweets used in John Harris's novel “Chocolate” are analyzed. The role of sweets nominates as a stylistic description of the portraits of heroes was investigated. Issues of translating desserts into a second language were considered

Особливості вживання стилістичних засобів різних рівнів в іншомовній публіцистиці

This article is devoted to the study of the basic stylisticcharacteristics of various texts in the foreign press, including the texts of theinterview genre, as well as various lexical means of representation theexpressiveness of such texts, taking into account phraseologisms and theirinnovations. The theoretical principles of study of journalistic texts in linguisticsare highlighted and their main stylistic characteristics are displayed. It isdetermined that press phraseologisms play the great expression-emotional role inthe foreign journalistic texts. It is possible to define that stylistic description ofphraseological units of the press is based on their expressive charge andexpressive properties. It is found out that the selection of stylistic means in modernjournalistic texts is also motivated by the features: standard and expression. Therequirement to influence the mass reader creates such a specific feature of modernjournalistic text as its expressive nature, and the requirement for the speed ofinformation transmission and its socially importance creates such a feature asneutrality or standard. Standardization is manifested in the selection of stylisticmeans of different levels: lexical, morphological, syntactic, figurative, graphic,61which are typical for the texts of this type. The expressiveness of the stylistic meansmakes it possible to convey the emotional, connotative, and evaluative aspect ofthe events and facts reflected in the press in order to increase the influence on themass reader.

A Stylistic Analysis of a Wildlife Conservation of a Prologue and Visual Narrative Documentary, “From Brutal Poacher to Delicate Pastry Chef”

Documentaries, like other genres, are being increasingly used by wildlife conservationists for creating awareness and influencing viewers to become active backers of wildlife protection. While there have been analyses of documentaries that focus on cinematic techniques, stylistic analyses of the language used in them have been limited. This paper analyses the prologue to the documentary, “The journey from brutal poacher to delicate pastry chef”, and the visual monologue narrative, “The Pastry Chef”, to show how the scriptwriter uses language as rhetoric to raise social consciousness amongst its audience. The paper adopts the stylistic pluralism approach which blends literary criticism, linguistic analysis and stylistic description. Leech and Short’s (2007) broad framework of linguistic and stylistic categories (i.e. lexical items, grammatical features, figures of speech and other rhetoric features and cohesiveness) is used to show how the scriptwriter creates awareness of wildlife conservation and positions people as active backers of wildlife protection. It argues that linguistic choices – such as lexical items, grammatical features and cohesive devices – and rhetoric are critical features of documentary design. Keywords: documentary; rhetoric; stylistics; wildlife conservation

What, if anything, is a caesura? The ontology of the ‘pause’ in English heroic verse

The term ‘caesura’ (or ‘pause’) has featured in discussion of English iambic pentameter for four centuries, and yet it still lacks what the Latin hexameter or the French alexandrine have: a definition of the term that might be usefully applied in stylistic description. Despite the temptation to dismiss it as a prosodic chimera or a mere epiphenomenon of syntax, this article will investigate a rough consensus that emerged amongst 18th-century theorists and practitioners about the bisecting caesura as both a normative element of versification and an aesthetic instrument, and attempt to formalize that consensus into a taxonomy based on linguistic features that will allow the caesura to function as a feature of stylistic description and analysis, not just for the heroic couplet but for the pentameter more generally, in terms of three independent and objectively definable properties that I term ‘balance’, ‘juncture’ and ‘integration’.

Women’s Experimental Writing: Negative Aesthetics and Feminist Critique. Ellen E. Berry. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Pp. 176.

<i>Women’s Experimental Writing: Negative Aesthetics and Feminist Critique</i>. Ellen E. Berry. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Pp. 176.

Stylistic description of phraseological connotation

This article considers the issues of phraseological connotation in a literary text, phraseology issues from the perspective of cultural linguistics, different approaches to phraseological units classification in contemporary linguistic studies, functional-stylistic and emotional-expressive features of phraseological units in a literary text. By phraseological unit we mean fixed combinations of words characterized by constant lexical composition, grammatical structure and meaning that is known to the language speakers and that is not derived from the meaning of the constituent components.

The Story of the Westland Cauldrons in Europe

When examining the importance of the distribution of trace elements in metal objects, for example that a Scandinavian analytical project on 500 metal artefacts from the Roman Iron Age has shown that the relationship between selected trace elements are characteristic of the different groups of artefacts - they might even be typical of different Eggers types within the same group. For instance, a ladle/strainer set from the Late Roman Iron Age (LRI), E 161, may have a significantly higher lead/antimony ratio than the older types, E 162. The verification of this principle has, firstly, shown that the scrap metal content of an artefact alloy affects the interpretation of chemical analyses much less than has hitherto been supposed. Secondly, it has shown that elemental alloy composition for the artefacts are more closely related to the raw materials. For example, the ores used have a characteristic content that is a consequence of their geochemistry. While there are always small amounts of silver, antimony and bismuth in galena, the amounts are a function of the location and geological formation of the ore. These facts are well recognized in lead isotope research where the ratio between the lead isotopes is used.The results from the interdisciplinary analytical projects mentioned above are the basis for a continuing examination of relevant artefacts from Nordic and European collections. Initially it was not expected that permission to collect foreign collections would be granted but, in the event, personal contact and a careful sampling protocol opened the doors to international cooperation. Comparative projects are currently proceeding with the Vatican Museum, the Musée Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire, Brussels and Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz and Goethe University, Frankfurt a. Main among others. Glass and metal samples from the excavation of Corway Kloster have been analysed by OES in cooperation with German Universities, with fi nancial support from Volkswagenstiftung over many years. Finally, it is important that all kind of treatment of the artefacts during the study is described in detail and following the artefacts for later scientific work.Elemental analyses are a fingerprint of the alloy content. It has been possible to distinguish the various cauldron alloys from the Roman and the Migration Period. The composition of the alloy characterizes the Westland cauldron compared to other artefacts from the Roman period. The similarity between the alloy in the Scandinavian and some French and Belgian Westland cauldrons is documented, which could point to a common provenance. The alloy composition changes according to form and age. The trace element pattern and the lead isotope relations point to an origin in the Maas valley. The use of scrap metal in the alloy seems avoided for the body of the cauldrons - probably because of the complicated production of the thin walls and bottoms of the cauldrons. In conclusion, one can say that detailed studies of the alloys the ancient smiths have used are providing new knowledge of the expertise and cultural achievements of former ages. One can also assert that the chemical and metallurgical constitution of archaeological treasures is as important as their stylistic description in revealing important aspects of our cultural history.

A comparable comparison? A corpus stylistic analysis of the Italian translation of Julian Barnes’ Il Senso di una Fine and the original text The Sense of an Ending

Foregrounding (e.g. Leech, 1965, 1985; Leech and Short, 1981), whereby certain linguistic elements in literary works differ consistently and systematically (Mukařovský, 1958: 44) from norms represented by a particular benchmark, has often been measured using corpus stylistic methods (e.g. Mahlberg, 2013; Stubbs, 2005). While most such studies have focused on works in their original language, this study compares the translation with the original text. More specifically, I explore the stylistic elements identified in Julian Barnes’ novel The Sense of an Ending in both the original and its Italian translation. The study applies notions of tertiary or internal deviation (Leech, 1985) in order to explore to what extent an analysis of keywords and key clusters in Part One compared with Part Two of the target text concurs with the results of the same process in the source text. Corpus stylistic methods were used to identify ‘good bets’ (Leech, 2008: 164) which were then subjected to qualitative analysis. Findings suggest that elements identified as being frequent in Part One of the source text, such as a predominance of ‘uncertain impressionistic perceptions’ (Shepherd and Berber Sardinha, 2013), and an emphasis on first person narration in Part Two, did not play such an important role in the target text, where other elements such as time references and discourse markers of explanation emerged instead. The article concludes that discrepancies between a stylistic description of source and target texts might be due to translating strategies as well as target language conventions.

Evolving textures from high level descriptions

Evolutionary texture synthesis is used in a prototype tool intended to assist a designer or artist by automatically discovering collections of candidate textures to fit a given stylistic description. The textures used here are small colour images created by procedural texture synthesis. This paper describes four examples of stylistic description. Each is defined by a handwritten fitness function that rates how well a given texture meets this style. Genetic programming uses the fitness function to evolve programs written in a texture synthesis language. This system automatically generates a catalogue of variations on the given theme. A designer could then visually scan through these textures to pick out ones that seem aesthetically interesting. Their procedural 'genetic' representation would allow textures to be further adjusted by interactive evolution. The procedural representation also allows re-rendering textures at arbitrary pixel resolutions and provides a way to store them in a highly compressed form allowing lossless reconstruction.