Text Style Research Articles

Classical Learning in Britain, France and the Dutch Republic, 1690–1750: Beyond the Ancients and the Moderns, by Floris Verhaart

This is an insightful and wide-ranging study of classical learning between 1690 and 1750. Floris Verhaart focuses on debates revolving around the approach to this learning, particularly the distinction between emphasis on the content (res) and emphasis on the style (verba) of classical texts, and some of their broad implications. His geographical scope is also wide: he discusses examples from, and exchanges between, the Low Countries, France and Britain, thus highlighting the ‘intellectual cross-fertilisation between different countries’. Verhaart juxtaposes the Dutch school of criticism, represented in this study primarily by Pieter Burman and the English scholar Richard Bentley, with the ‘French approach’, represented here by the work of Jean Le Clerc, Anne and André Dacier, Charles Rollin and Conyers Middleton. The former school favoured a philological-linguistic approach to the study of classical texts, while the latter focused more on the moral teachings which could be drawn from classical literature, and was concerned with making the classical tradition more accessible to a wider audience. The author sees this contest as a ‘sub-debate’ that arose from the larger Quarrel between ancients and moderns, and one that, methodologically, can bring more clarity to the topic.

Gen Ed Girlhood

While general education (gen ed) courses are commonly created as overviews of disciplines, a girlhood-centric approach celebrates a tightly focused introduction to girl identities as an entry point to critical analysis of gender and associated systems of oppression. I offer a rationale for my Cultural Constructions of Girlhood course and discuss specific assignments and strategies for introducing girlhood as a field of study for university students. This course offers grounding in how important childhood literature is in shaping our concepts of who we are and are allowed to be as well as indicating ways in which the idea of literature may be expanded and updated to include many modes and styles of text by attending to the artifacts of everyday girlhood.

Influence of Narrative Strategies on Fundraising Outcome: An Exploratory Study of Online Medical Crowdfunding

Online medical crowdfunding (OMC) has attracted massive attention and participation in China. Despite its goal to lift the financial burden caused by expensive medical expenditure, little has been done to evaluate its impact on healthcare inequality. We examine the social consequences of OMC based on a large random sample extracted from one of the most widely-used OMC platforms in China. Our analysis shows that a disproportionally high percentage of fundraising campaigns are launched for patients with low socioeconomic status suffering from various illnesses, including many rare diseases. These findings suggest that OMC plays a positive role in providing an alternative channel for disadvantaged patients under the current health insurance system. We further examine whether and the extent to which the narrative style of solicitation text—fundraising campaign description—influences fundraising outcomes using natural language processing (NLP). The results show that expressions conveying optimism tend to result in a higher completion ratio, whereas descriptions engaging in moral mobilization or focusing on financial burden tend to have a negative impact on fundraising outcomes.

Penggunaan Gaya Bahasa dalam Teks Narasi pada Buku Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Makassar Siswa SMP/MTs

This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to examine the language style in the narrative text used in Makassar language and literature textbooks for SMP / MTs students using stylistics (language styles). The data source used in this study was the narrative text in Makassar language and literature textbooks for grade IX students of SMP / MTs. The results of this study get the types of language styles based on comparative language styles, namely personification language styles, symbolic language styles, synekdoke language styles, association language styles, methanemical language styles, and euphemism language styles: language styles based on affirmation language styles, namely polisendeton language styles. , asidenton language style, climax language style, repetition language style, anti-climax language style, and litotes language style; and language style based on satire style, namely cynicism and sarcasm.Keywords: Usage, Language Style, Narrative Text

Artistic Text Style Transfer: An overview of state-of-the-art methods and datasets [SP Forum

Word art, which is text rendered with properly designed appealing artistic effects, has been a popular form of art throughout human history. Artistic text effects are of great aesthetic value and symbolic significance. Decorating with appropriate effects not only makes text more attractive but also significantly enhances the atmosphere of a scene. Thus, artistic text effects are widely used in publicity and advertising. Some text effects are simple, such as colors and shadows, while some can be complex, such as the burning flames in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> and exquisite decorations in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 2</xref> . Manually creating vivid text effects requires lots of time and a series of complicated operations: observing the target glyphs, designing appropriate artistic effects, warping the texture to match the character shapes, and so on. It consumes hours of time even for well-trained designers. To produce word art more conveniently and efficiently, artistic text style transfer has been proposed recently to automatically render text with given artistic effects.

Using corpora to reveal style in translation: The case of The Song of Everlasting Sorrow.

This article reports on a corpus-based study of the English translation of Wang Anyi's award-winning novel, The Song of Everlasting Sorrow [, Chang Hen Ge] from the perspective of style. Using the keyword and concordance functions of corpus software packages AntConc and ParaConc, this research focuses on how the translator's style reveals itself in the target text (TT) as well as how the style of the source text (ST) is represented in the TT. Findings show that the translators have a preference for contracted negative verb forms and expressions such as "bit" over "little," making the text more colloquial. In general, the rendering of the ST style tends not to be entirely faithful. A distinction between reader-centered and text-centered keywords is made. While the reader-centered ST keywords are, as expected, largely altered, the translation of text-centered ST keywords is also rewritten, contrary to expectations. Presumably, the translators tended to reduce the ambiguity of the ST, resulting in a more explicit TT. The article argues that the translators chose to rewrite the translation to make it more understandable for the target audience since it concerned a work from a source culture very different from the target culture.

FEATURES OF DIFFICULT SYNTACTIC UNITS IN OFFICIAL-BUSINESS STYLE TEXTS

The article describes and systematizes scientific research devoted to the study of the types of syntactic relations between the components of difficult syntactic unities in the texts of official business documents. The purpose of the study is to prove the grammatical and semantic integrity of difficult syntactic unities in the analyzed texts. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive analysis of the structural and semantic types of difficult syntactic unities of official-business style texts. As a result of the analysis, the functional-pragmatic essence of difficult syntactic unities with different types of syntactic relations is revealed. Based on the difficult syntactic unities selected by the continuous sampling method from written documentary sources, it is concluded that language features are activated in them at the morphemic, lexical, morphological and syntactic levels. In a complex, all these linguistic phenomena lead to the unity of the internal and external structure of difficult syntactic unities.

Museum text translation in the Chinese context: the museum role and text production

ABSTRACT Discussion of museum text translation in the Chinese context started in 1991, and much attention is still being paid to language errors and ways of producing better translations, revealing the persistence of similar translation problems. This paper addresses the issue in a different way through engaging with museum studies. The museum was introduced into China a century ago by Western missionaries and gradually developed Chinese characteristics, especially in the museum role and museum text style, demonstrating the nature of Chinese museums as translation. Here we compare the museum role and museum text style in China and the West that greatly influence translation but are rarely noticed or touched upon in translation studies, perhaps because it needs to involve museum studies, which is outside the vision of many researchers. Based on the comparison, we propose some guidelines for translators, hoping to make a substantial contribution to the improvement of translation quality.

A Review of Text Style Transfer Using Deep Learning

Style is an integral component of a sentence indicated by the choice of words a person makes. Different people have different ways of expressing themselves; however, they adjust their speaking and writing style to a social context, an audience, an interlocutor, or the formality of an occasion. Text style transfer is defined as a task of adapting and/or changing the stylistic manner in which a sentence is written, while preserving the meaning of the original sentence. A systematic review of text style transfer methodologies using deep learning is presented in this article. We point out the technological advances in deep neural networks that have been the driving force behind current successes in the fields of natural language understanding and generation. The review is structured around two key stages in the text style transfer process, namely, representation learning and sentence generation in a new style. The discussion highlights the commonalities and differences between proposed solutions as well as challenges and opportunities that are expected to direct and foster further research in the field.

Principles of libretto translation and problems of multimodal text interpretation

The multimodal nature of texts to music involves the complex interaction of verbal, auditory, in some cases visual and other components, which determines the functioning of the textual unity. In this regard, the translation of multimodal texts, and in particular the translation of opera librettos, puts forward special requirements for the translator, due to which even the knowledge of the subject area, terminology and style of the source text is not always sufficient to achieve high quality translation. Based on the analysis of the translation principles of one of the most prominent translators of opera librettos Viktor Kolomiitsov (1868-1936) and his translated texts, the article aims to determine the basic requirements to the translation of libretto as a multimodal text, combining the verbal and auditory components in the text unity. It also aims to answer the research question: what exactly is the special feature of multimodal text translation focused on auditory mode, and in case of opera libretto translations - what resources can be used to perform the translation? The material for the study included the texts to L. Beethoven and R. Wagner’s works and their translations. The comparative analysis of V. Kolomiytsov’s translations and several other translators’ approaches allowed us to confirm the assumption about the complexity of auditory multimodal texts translation, identify the main problems of libretto translation, and demonstrate different translation solutions in the transfer of the rhythmic logic of the source text, its syntactic features, alliteration and vocabulary. The procedure of text analysis involved elements of philological and comparative analyses of translations, as well as statistical calculations. It was revealed that the connection of the verbal component with the melodic line, its accents and rhythm predetermines the structure of the text to vocal works. For the translator, this means additional limitations, which are quite difficult to overcome. Equirhythmic translation correlated with music is one of the most difficult types of translation, in which preservation of “form” (rhyme, meter, number of syllables, coincidence of accents, etc.) plays an important role and predetermines the quality of auditory multimodal text translation.

On Rhetorical Skills in Translation of Of Study from the Perspective of the Three Beauties Theory

As an essay written by Francis Bacon four hundred years ago on the issue of study, Of Study is a well-known exhortation in English literature. This paper is composed to analyze the application of rhetorical skills in translation of Wang Zuoliang on Of Study from the perspective of "Three Beauties Theory". It is found that the translation version of Wang Zuoliang not only retained the style and expression of the original text to a great extent, but also conformed to the expression habit of Chinese with full Chinese charm. Besides, it conveyed the beauty in sound, the beauty of form and the beauty of sense to readers perfectly with various rhetorical strategies. This study is expected to provide new enlightenment for translators in literary translation, such as a new theoretical perspective for the study of the rhetorical skills of the translation of Of Study and to serve for translation practice.

Text style transfer between classical and modern chinese through prompt-based reinforcement learning

Text style transfer between classical and modern chinese through prompt-based reinforcement learning

Architectonics of the Kazakh official business style: features of written communication

The problems of functional stylistics have been comprehensively studied in Kazakh linguistics. The researchers focus mainly on the style of fiction and journalistic style and their genre branches. Among the classification of functional styles of the Kazakh literary language is also called "official style, the style of official office work". In the first works on functional stylistics, only simple types of official documents used in everyday labor relations are considered in these terms. This fact can be explained by the fact that in previous periods of the most complex official, legislative documents and their genre types were carried out in another language. In recent decades, along with everyday labor relations, texts of official content and their genre forms used in state internal and external management have increased to the maximum, and they have become more complicated in terms of the organization of language units. Complex forms of texts of official content, performing managerial, regulatory, directive, regulatory activities, had an official business content. Firstly, their architectonics have become stable. Secondly, the texts of the official content have become an important stylistic functionally significant type in the modern dynamics of the Kazakh literary language, reflecting changes in literary norms, the advantages of written communication. Thirdly, the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language is also oriented towards the architectonics of texts of official content. In connection with this, an official business style has been formed in a number of functional styles, so it is relevant to study its compositional integrity and compositional structure, the patterns of organization of individual linguistic units (architectonics), the place and role of this style in written communication. The article, based on the analysis of complex and important genre types of Kazakh official business style – legislative documents, defines the features of the language and style of texts of Kazakh official business content, their advantages in modern written communication.

Architectonics of the Kazakh official business style: features of written communication

The problems of functional stylistics have been comprehensively studied in Kazakh linguistics. The researchers focus mainly on the style of fiction and journalistic style and their genre branches. Among the classification of functional styles of the Kazakh literary language is also called "official style, the style of official office work". In the first works on functional stylistics, only simple types of official documents used in everyday labor relations are considered in these terms. This fact can be explained by the fact that in previous periods of the most complex official, legislative documents and their genre types were carried out in another language. In recent decades, along with everyday labor relations, texts of official content and their genre forms used in state internal and external management have increased to the maximum, and they have become more complicated in terms of the organization of language units. Complex forms of texts of official content, performing managerial, regulatory, directive, regulatory activities, had an official business content. Firstly, their architectonics have become stable. Secondly, the texts of the official content have become an important stylistic functionally significant type in the modern dynamics of the Kazakh literary language, reflecting changes in literary norms, the advantages of written communication. Thirdly, the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language is also oriented towards the architectonics of texts of official content. In connection with this, an official business style has been formed in a number of functional styles, so it is relevant to study its compositional integrity and compositional structure, the patterns of organization of individual linguistic units (architectonics), the place and role of this style in written communication. The article, based on the analysis of complex and important genre types of Kazakh official business style – legislative documents, defines the features of the language and style of texts of Kazakh official business content, their advantages in modern written communication.

Impact of user-generated travel posts on travel decisions: A comparative study on Weibo and Xiaohongshu

With the growing popularity and versatility of mobile applications, this study examined consumers' usage of multi-functional social media content apps and the influence of user-generated travel posts on their travel decision-making. Using the case of Chinese millennial travelers and Weibo and Xiaohongshu as representative apps, semi-structured interviews and surveys were conducted. Results showed that while respondents used Weibo more often in daily life, Xiaohongshu was more likely to influence their destination selection. Key attributes of travel posts and preferences of different user groups were identified. The relative importance of each attribute in guiding dining/accommodation/transportation/shopping/attraction decisions was examined. The most active app users placed lower importance on the number of images and higher importance on length of text and language style.

Building a Vietnamese Dataset for Natural Language Inference Models.

Natural language inference models are essential resources for many natural language understanding applications. These models are possibly built by training or fine-tuning using deep neural network architectures for state-of-the-art results. That means high-quality annotated datasets are essential for building state-of-the-art models. Therefore, we propose a method to build a Vietnamese dataset for training Vietnamese inference models which work on native Vietnamese texts. Our approach aims at two issues: removing cue marks and ensuring the writing style of Vietnamese texts. If a dataset contains cue marks, the trained models will identify the relationship between a premise and a hypothesis without semantic computation. For evaluation, we fine-tuned a BERT model, viNLI, on our dataset and compared it to a BERT model, viXNLI, which was fine-tuned on XNLI dataset. The viNLI model has an accuracy of 94.79%, while the viXNLI model has an accuracy of 64.04% when testing on our Vietnamese test set. In addition, we also conducted an answer selection experiment with these two models in which the P@1 of viNLI and of viXNLI are 0.4949 and 0.4044, respectively. That means our method can be used to build a high-quality Vietnamese natural language inference dataset.

A case study: A technological insight on teaching translation

AbstractThis case study examines an online introductory Spanish‐English translation course focused on learning Spanish through machine translation. Fifty‐three Spanish learners were guided by their teacher to rethink, reflect, and interpret what Google Translate offered. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of learners' reports and teacher feedback revealed that the evaluative task design led to (a) high percentages of learners' interlinguistic and intercultural awareness and (b) translation methods awareness for more than half of the learners. Participants' responses to a literary translation assignment were explored through teacher scaffolding for learners to understand how to differentiate lexical to phrasal levels in a text, with the aim to translate also the style of the source text for the American audience. Pedagogical implications will be shared on how a teacher‐learner approach on translation tasks prepared students for the language awareness learning process.

An Insufficient Canon: The Popol Wuj, Book of Mormon, and Other Scriptures

An Insufficient Canon: The Popol Wuj, Book of Mormon, and Other Scriptures

Car Number Plate Detection from Livestream

Abstract- As of late there has been an expansion in the quantity of vehicles and a few methods of transports accessible in the street organizations. Also, consequently need to screen the traffic have become a gigantic issue. Different strategies have been executed on the traffic the executives and its reconnaissance. For this issue the number plate recognition is useful as it is perhaps the main methodologies for managing the traffic utilizing a few advanced procedures. Programmed Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) framework is perhaps the best answer for this issue. In our country regularly number plates with different text styles are being used which add to intricacy of understanding tag as framework should be made for all regions. In this gave work an overview on mechanized. amount plate acknowledgment method is introduced. In this undertaking we do an investigation of the current ANPR frameworks.

Integrating visual stimuli for enhancing neural text style transfer with EEG sensors

Font Designers need to create each font character by hand. With the help of what we propose, designers finish the process quickly and automatically. We use a neural network to learn and generate new fonts. We provide two vectors as input (Bigrams and Style Vectors) of Urdu language, encoded manually with one-hot encoding and t-distributed neighbor embedding. The transposed convolution neural network takes care of learning from input, where it decodes the input into beautiful fonts. Thus, by changing the style vector, the required changes are reflected in the resultant font style. Additionally, with the help of simulated annealing, we generate meaningful and full-length sentences. To evaluate whether the fonts generated are aesthetically sound, we provide the generated sentences to the end-users as visual stimuli and measure their responses in terms of their attention and meditation levels with EEG sensors. Higher sensor levels suggest the font quality and visual appeal.