Rates Of Stunting Research Articles

Infant growth by INTERGROWTH-21st and Fenton Growth Charts: Predicting 1-year anthropometry in South African preterm infants.

Post-natal growth influences short- and long-term preterm infant outcomes. Different growth charts, such as the Fenton Growth Chart (FGC) and INTERGROWTH-21st Preterm Post-natal Growth Standards (IG-PPGS), describe different growth curves and targets. This study compares FGC- and IG-PPGS-derived weight-for-postmenstrual age z-score (WZ) up to 50 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA50) for predicting 1-year anthropometry in 321 South African preterm infants. The change in WZ from birth to PMA50 (ΔWZ, calculated using FGC and IG-PPGS) was correlated to age-corrected 1-year anthropometric z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ), and categorically compared with rates of underweight (WAZ < -2), stunting (LAZ < -2), wasting (WLZ < -2) and overweight (BMIZ > + 2). Multivariable analyses explored the effects of other early-life exposures on malnutrition risk. At PMA50, mean WZ was significantly higher on IG-PPGS (-0.56 ± 1.52) than FGC (-0.90 ± 1.52; p < 0.001), but ΔWZ was similar (IG-PPGS -0.26 ± 1.23, FGC -0.11 ± 1.14; p = 0.153). Statistically significant ΔWZ differences emerged among small-for-gestational age infants (FGC -0.38 ± 1.22 vs. IG-PPGS -0.01 ± 1.30; p < 0.001) and appropriate-for-gestational age infants (FGC + 0.02 ± 1.08, IG-PPGS -0.39 ± 1.18; p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients of ΔWZ with WAZ, LAZ, WLZ and BMIZ were low (r < 0.45), though higher for FGC than IG-PPGS. Compared with IG-PPGS, ΔWZ < -1 on FGC predicted larger percentages of underweight (42% vs. 36%) and wasting (43% vs. 39%) and equal percentages of stunting (33%), while ΔWZ > + 1 predicted larger percentages overweight (57% vs. 38%). Both charts performed similarly in multivariable analysis. Differences between FGC and IG-PPGS are less apparent when considering ΔWZ, highlighting the importance of assessing growth as change over time, irrespective of growth chart.

Utilization of Kombucha Tea to Improve Children's Health and Reduce Stunting Rates in Patempuran Village, Jember Regency

In order to overcome the problem of stunting in children, a team of Jember University lecturers collaborated with the Patempuran Village community and posyandu cadres to carry out community service activities. The main focus of this activity is the mass use and dissemination of Kombucha Tea, chosen because of its important nutritional content and potential to improve intestinal health and nutrient absorption in children. This activity includes outreach to increase understanding of the benefits of Kombucha Tea, training for posyandu cadres and village mothers on how to produce Kombucha Tea, as well as the distribution process to families with children under five. Apart from that, counseling regarding healthy eating patterns and the importance of nutrition was also provided in this activity. The impact evaluation was carried out after the activity was carried out to measure the extent to which Kombucha Tea made a positive contribution in reducing stunting rates in Patempuran Village. Close collaboration between the lecturer team, the community and the local government forms a sustainable community service model, which is expected to have a positive impact in improving the welfare of children in Patempuran Village.

HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI BLUD UPTD PUSKESMAS LANGENSARI 1 KOTA BANJAR

ABSTRACT Background: Children who are stunted are more vulnerable to infectious infections and may experience chronic malnutrition, which can impede their physical and mental development. One of the risk factors for childhood stunting is inadequate nutrition for toddlers, particularly breast-feeding, which is the best source of nutrients for babies. According to preliminary study data from January to April 2023 at BLUD UPTD Puskesmas Langensari 1, the prevalence rate of stunting is 146 children under five. Additionally, the data on exclusive breastfeeding coverage for the same period shows that 127 children under five receive exclusive breast milk, while 50 toddlers do not receive exclusive breast milk. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the association between toddler stunting incidence and exclusive breastfeeding at the BLUD UPTD Langensari 1 Health Center in Banjar City. Method: A cross-sectional study design is employed together with correlational or association research. Data from 1,995 toddlers in BLUD UPTD Puskesmas Langensari 1 Banjar City between January and April of 2023 comprise the population for this study, with a sample size of 95. Random sample was the sample method employed. Result: The analysis's p-value of 0.001 indicates a strong correlation between the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the BLUD UPTD Langensari 1 Health Center in Banjar City and exclusive breastfeeding.

Determinants Of Stunting on Human Development and The Role Of The Government

This study aims to evaluate various factors contributing to stunting in Central Java Province, including life expectancy, average years of schooling, per capita income, gender development index, and government assistance for the mother and child sector. Panel data is the type of data used in this study using a quantitative approach. The method used in this study is quantitative and uses panel data consisting of time seris and cross section data presented in one table. Central Java Statistics Agency is used as a reference data in this study called secondary data. Poor nutrition is the dependent variable used, while the independent variables used include Life Expectancy, Gender Development Index, Gross Regional Domestic Product, and Number of Family Hope Companion Recipients. Analysis using panel data regression by performing the Chow Test and Hausman Test to determine the best model is the analysis technique used. Then look at the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable and draw conclusions. The results showed that the Fixed Effect Model was the best model used in this study and showed that the number of stunting sufferers in Central Java was negatively and significantly affected by Life Expectancy (AHH) and Average School Year (RLS). Meanwhile, GRDP or Gross Regional Domestic Product and PKH or Family Hope Program have been proven to have a statistically positive relationship with the number of stunting sufferers in Central Java. Meanwhile, although the Gender Development Index (IPG) is negative, statistically it has not been able to affect the stunting rate in Central Java during the 2020-2022 period.

Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey.

Undernutrition poses a significant global public health challenge, adversely affecting childhood cognitive and physical development while increasing the risk of disease and mortality. Stunting, characterized by impaired growth and development in children due to insufficient psychological stimulation, frequent infections, and inadequate nutrition, remains a critical issue. Although economic growth alone cannot fully address the prevalence of stunting, there exists a robust correlation between a country's income level and childhood stunting rates. Countries with higher incomes tend to have lower rates of childhood stunting. Notably, while childhood stunting is declining worldwide, it remains persistent in Africa. Consequently, this study aims to assess the prevalence of childhood stunting and its determinants in low- and lower-middle-income African countries. This study conducted a secondary analysis of standard demographic and health surveys in low- and lower-middle-income African countries spanning the period from 2010 to 2022. The analysis included a total sample of 204,214 weighted children under the age of five years. To identify the determinants of stunting, we employed a multilevel mixed-effect model, considering the three levels of variables. The measures of association (fixed effect) were determined using the adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Significance was declared when the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variable had a p-value less than 0.05. In low and lower-middle-income African countries, 31.28% of children under five years old experience stunting, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 31.08% to 31.48%. The results from a multilevel mixed-effect analysis revealed that 24 months or more of age of child, male gender, low and high birth weight, low and high maternal BMI, no and low maternal education, low household wealth index, multiple (twin or triplet) births, rural residence, and low income of countries were significantly associated with childhood stunting. Stunting among children under five years of age in low- and lower-middle-income African countries was relatively high. Individual, community, and country-level factors were statistically associated with childhood stunting. Equally importantly, with child, maternal, and community factors of stunting, the income of countries needs to be considered in providing nutritional interventions to mitigate childhood stunting in Africa.

Perancangan Video Motion Graphics Sosialisasi Stunting Bagi Remaja Usia 15-19 Tahun Di Kabupaten Manokwari

The high stunting rate in Manokwari makes Manokwari Regency the district with the highest stunting rate in West Papua Province. One of the factors causing the high stunting is the high rate of early marriage. This is due to the difficulty of understanding stunting. The government has made various efforts to reduce stunting but people still feel that they do not understand the material presented in socialization activities, moreover the material cannot be accessed repeatedly, especially for adolescents aged 15-19 years. Video motion graphics can be a solution to convey stunting information to the public. The research aims to design videos of less than one minute that contain illustration, animation, text and backsound, so that information can be conveyed in a more interesting way. The research method used is descriptive qualitative the result of this research is that motion graphics videos can be a medium for delivering socialization about stunting, especially early marriage, which can increase the information of the target audience who watch the video, especially for adolescents aged 15-19 years in Manokwari Regency. Keyboards : Stunting, Early Age Marriage, Motion graphics

Comparing Nutritional Status of Children in Nuclear and Joint Families: A Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Child stunting and underweight are worldwide issues that may be connected to family structure. This research examined family type (nuclear vs. joint), women's empowerment, and child nutrition in Karachi, Pakistan.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional research included 450 under-5s and their moms from healthcare settings. Child nutrition and mother empowerment were examined using standardized instruments. Nutritional outcomes, empowerment, and child stunting/underweight were examined across household types.&#x0D; Results: Compared to children from nuclear families (stunting: 32.9%, 95% CI: 27.0-39.3; underweight: 15.6%, 95% CI: 10.9-21.4), children from joint families showed substantially reduced rates of underweight (32.9%, 95% CI: 27.0-39.3) and stunting (22.7%, 95% CI: 17.8-28.3) (p = 0.02 for both). In comparison to nuclear families (12.9%, 95% CI: 8.9-17.7), the slightly higher overweight prevalence in joint families (14.7%, 95% CI: 10.3-19.8) was not statistically significant (p = 0.51). Remarkably, greater maternal empowerment ratings were substantially linked to a decreased risk of stunting (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98, p = 0.01) and underweight (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98, p = 0.01) in children, independent of the type of household.&#x0D; Conclusion: This research demonstrates that combined family structure may minimize stunting and underweight. Women's empowerment also improved child nutrition in both families. Further study is required to understand these results' mechanisms and long-term effects.&#x0D; Keywords: Child malnutrition, Family structure, Women's empowerment, Nutritional status, Karachi, Pakistan

Factors Associated with Anthropometric Status of Primary School Children in Dodoma, Tanzaniaania

Background: Malnutrition in school-age children significantly affects their health, cognitive development, and educational attainment. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of school-age children and the influence of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors on their nutritional well-being. This study focused on primary focus was on primary school children in Dodoma. sought to identify children who could be at risk of malnutrition. The study intended to establish baseline data regarding the nutritional status of school children that could contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional landscape among primary school children in the region. This information could subsequently inform nutritionists and policymakers to plan interventions to improve these children's nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 248 pupils was conducted in eight primary schools in Dodoma. Four schools were selected from Chamwino and Dodoma urban districts, respectively, whereby two government schools and two private schools were selected from each district. The other four schools were situated in the urban district of Dodoma, comprising two government and two private schools. The study assessed the prevalence of stunting, wasting/thinness, underweight, and overweight/obesity among primary school children. Stunting was characterized by impaired growth and development with low height for age, while underweight was defined as low weight relative to age. Wasting/thinness refers to insufficient flesh, with body weight falling below skeletal and physical standards. Overweight/obese indicates excessive fat tissue accumulation that could impact health. Data were analyzed using the WHO AnthroPlus v1.0.4 software and SPSS v26 software for Windows. Results: Prevalence rates among the surveyed pupils were as follows: stunting (10.5%), underweight (3.6%), thinness (2.8%), and overweight/obesity (10.1%). Stunting was more prevalent in boys (13.2%) than in girls (8.2%), and it exhibited an upward trend with increasing age. The prevalence of underweight was higher in public schools (8.2%) compared to private schools (3.2%). Thinness was more common in public schools (85.7%) compared to private schools (14.3%) and was more prevalent in rural areas (57.1%) and among younger children (57.1%). Overweight/obesity was more prevalent among girls (91.0%) compared to boys (88.6%). Schools in urban areas showed a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (90.3%) than those in rural areas (89.5%). Private schools (95.2%) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obese pupils compared to public schools (84.7%). Pupils residing in urban areas were more likely to become overweight/obese compared to their counterparts living in rural settings. Conclusion: Significant rates of stunting, thinness, underweight, and overweight/obesity were observed among primary schoolchildren in Dodoma, Tanzania. These findings underlined the necessity to enhance nutrition interventions to improve the nutritional status of both public and private primary school pupils in Tanzania.

Status of Child Nutrition in India: A Comparative Study of Assam and West Bengal

Undernutrition represents a distressing health issue among children in developing countries. It has been recognized as a significant factor contributing to child mortality worldwide, with approximately half of child deaths attributed to it. Despite India initiating the largest number of anti-malnutrition programs and boasting one of the fastest-growing economies globally, the situation regarding child malnutrition remains dire compared to other developing nations. Thus, utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) fifth and fourth rounds, this study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of children under 5 in Assam and West Bengal. The findings of the study reveal that West Bengal slightly outperforms Assam across all nutritional indicators. The prevalence rates of stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height), and underweight (weight-for-age) are higher in both states, with noticeable increases over time as evidenced by various NFHS rounds. Furthermore, significant regional disparities exist within both states. While Assam exhibits significant results for wasting and underweight, West Bengal only displays significance for underweight. Despite robust economic growth in both states, they lag behind the Indian average concerning child nutrition.

Evaluating Local Government Policy Innovations: A Case Study of Surabaya's Efforts in Combating Stunting and Enhancing Public Health Services Quality

This research aims to evaluate regional innovations in implementing Surabaya City government policies to reduce stunting rates and improve the quality of public health services. A qualitative descriptive method was used with a case study approach involving field observations and structured interviews. The research results show the success of Posyandu Prima in reducing stunting rates significantly in the last two years. The Surabaya City Government has proven effective in managing this program's human resources and budget. The active involvement of Great Surabaya Cadres (KSH) and non-governmental organizations also contributed greatly to the program's success. Cross-sector collaboration plays an important role in supporting implementation. Institutional characteristics, such as commitment to public health and ability to collaborate, also matter. Theoretically, this research shows that synergy between the parties involved and government commitment can achieve significant results in handling the stunting problem. In conclusion, the Prima Posyandu Program has proven successful in reducing stunting rates and improving the quality of public health services in Surabaya. Additionally, the collaborative efforts between community stakeholders, healthcare providers, and governmental bodies underscore the crucial role of multi-sectoral partnerships in addressing complex public health issues like stunting. This synergy fosters comprehensive approaches that combine local knowledge, resources, and policy support to effectively combat stunting and enhance the well-being of communities. Thus, the Prima Posyandu Program's success is a compelling example of how concerted action and sustained commitment can yield tangible improvements in population health outcomes.

The Urgency of Stunting Policy Management Based on Local Knowledge in Malang Regency

In the Malang Regency region, the issue of stunting is pressing. According to statistics showing the high rate of stunting in Malang Regency, a stunting management strategy must be put into place right away. To date, the issue has been whether policies at the upstream level address all the factors necessary to combat stunting. This study talks about how urgent municipal policies are, particularly for managing stunting. It should be mentioned that government policies currently in place are focused on improving and regulating food security, food quality, and program socialization. Additionally, both targeted and delicate treatments are a manifestation of the prevention of stunting. The heath industry performs specific interventions. The phenomenology of Malang Regency's stunting prevention strategies is revealed by this study. According to the study's findings, there are a number of issues that require immediate attention, particularly those that are local in nature, like local education on the marriage readiness index, particularly in areas with a high incidence of young marriage, like Tajinan sub-district. The health sector, as well as other connected sectors, must be involved in the regional follow-up to the village level of policies and regulations that are in place at the federal level. Due to the community's increased knowledge of the value of a balanced diet and the readiness of parents at marriageable age, the community-based coping system needs to be improved once more. Localized coping strategies will undoubtedly.

SISTEM MANAJEMEN PEMANTAUAN KEBUTUHAN GIZI ANAK DALAM MASA PERTUMBUHAN DI DESA KARANGJAYA

Karangjaya Village is a rural village where people work in agriculture or small businesses. The majority of the population lives below the poverty line, and access to health services and nutritious food is limited. As a result, child health is a major concern in Karangjaya Village with high rates of malnutrition and stunting in children under five years old. The aim of the community service is to help support an effective and efficient nutrition monitoring programme, so as to help reduce malnutrition and better manage children's health. The method of implementing the service applies counselling in the form of organising seminars for 20 mothers in Karangjaya Village. The results showed an increase in community knowledge about healthy eating patterns, which is expected to reduce the number of malnutrition in Karangjaya Village. Monitoring and evaluation showed positive results, with some children showing improved nutritional status after receiving appropriate treatment. Thus, the nutrition management system in Karangjaya Village contributes significantly to improving children's health and nutrition.

SINERGITAS DAN KOLABORASI TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN DESA MELALUI PROGRAM KULIAH KERJA NYATA DI KABUPATEN BEKASI

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) is an education where students have the opportunity to learn in a community setting. KKN helps students discover potential and address problems so that they can build on the potential of the village or area and find solutions to existing problems in the village. The problem analysis obtained through the Bekasi Regency BAPPEDA institution is that the high stunting rate and the behaviour patterns of people who are accustomed to open defecation are still common in the Cabangbungin and Pebayuran sub-districts of Bekasi Regency. The purpose of KKN service is to improve the welfare of village communities in contributing to building creative and innovative villages in the field of business and entrepreneurship in accordance with the Vision of the Government of West Java Juara, Mandiri, Maju, and Sejahtera. The KKN service method of applying community education and mentoring with target participants is relevant. Overall, the service programme through KKN helps the community understand the importance of good sanitation and a healthy diet to prevent stunting, get the changes needed for regional development, and build development cadres in the community to ensure continued village development.

Implementation of The Convergence Program to Accelerate Stunting Reduction in Sibolga City

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sibolga City is one of the priority cities in the effort to accelerate stunting reduction. Sibolga City implements an accelerated stunting prevalence reduction program that involves cross-sectors, better known as the convergence action to accelerate stunting reduction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the convergence program to accelerate stunting reduction in Sibolga City. This research is a qualitative study involving 18 informants from &lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Regional Work U&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;nits&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; that are members of the Sibolga City &lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;tunting Reduction Acceleration Team. This research was conducted in November 2023 in Sibolga City, which consists of 4 sub-districts and 17 villages. Data were collected by conducting Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. Furthermore, Data is analyzed through triangulation of methods, sources, and between researchers. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the program show that the quality of human resources and financing sources is good enough to reduce the stunting rate in the kelurahan which is the locus of stunting. Likewise, the results of the analysis of the program implementation process. The program planning that was prepared was in accordance with the problems obtained in the situation analysis and had targeted the locus villages determined in the situation analysis. The implementation and evaluation process has also been carried out well, which ultimately has an impact on reducing the stunting prevalence rate by 11.3%. As an effort to encourage a greater reduction in stunting prevalence, we recommend that the Sibolga City Government increase human resource capacity and funding, encourage the involvement of various parties including the private sector in accelerating stunting reduction programs in Sibolga City, improve coordination between &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Regional Work Units&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; in the planning, implementation and evaluation processes and encourage the availability of a quality and sustainable data management system in each village&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Accelerate, Convergence, Reduction, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevalence, Stunting&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

STUNTING PREVENTION STRATEGY BY IMPROVING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF TODDLER : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Globally, there has been progress in lowering the rates of linear growth stunting and chronic undernutrition in children under five years old, however many areas still have high rates. Aims : This systematic review is to review stunting prevention strategy with improving status of nutrition in toddler. Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 691 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 2026 articles, our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 4136 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 430 articles for PubMed, 776 articles for SAGEPUB and 2307 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 8 papers, 6 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SAGEPUB and 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included eight research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, stunting must be managed in order to protect children from its harmful effects. To do this, a variety of linked parties must contribute to the effort. Improving the mother's responsive stimulation and health education might be the first step in improving the nutritional and cognitive state of the kid.

Effect of Low Protein Diet on Bone Structure of Young Wistar Mice.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Malnutrition and stunting are major unresolved problems in Indonesia. Protein deficiency can cause stunted growth, as well as make physical and cognitive abilities cannot reach their maximum potential. During childhood the need for protein must be fulfilled so that the peak of bone formation during adolescence can be perfect. In malnourished children, a low protein diet will lead to thinning of the bone cortex. Due to the high rate of stunting and malnutrition in children due to protein deficiency, a study was conducted on the effects of feeding low protein diet on rat bones. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Male Wistar rats (n = 10) at 6-8 weeks old (body weight around 250 g), control groups were fed a normal chow diet and low protein diet groups were given low protein chow diet (protein 5%) for 18 weeks, then the rats were sacrificed and the femoral bones were isolated. Body weight, femur weight, femur length were checked and bone density was examined using X-ray. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The body proportions of the low protein group rats were smaller and thinner than those of the control group. This difference is supported by the significant weight loss starting from the sixth week after low protein feeding. There are significant differences in body weight and femur weight between the control and low protein diet groups. Bone density decreases significantly in low protein diet group. Macroscopically, the femur length of the low protein group was shorter than the control group, however the femur length did not show significant differences statistically between the two groups. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A low protein diet decreased the body weight of the rats, also causing impaired bone growth characterized by decreasing femur weight. The low protein diet also caused osteoporosis in the bones.

Trends in Undernutrition among Macao Children and Adolescents Aged 7~18 Years: An Analysis from Four Successive Macau Government Surveys from 2005 to 2020.

We aimed to explore the epidemiological trends and characteristics of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao from 2005 to 2020 to provide insights into the improvement of nutritional status among the youth in Macao, China. Based on the data collected from the Citizen Physical Fitness surveillance sessions in Macao in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was calculated. In 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was 12.11%. Among them, the rates of stunting, moderate or severe wasting, and mild wasting were 0.63%, 5.25%, and 6.23%, respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition among boys (13.81%) was higher than that among girls (10.06%). Mild wasting was the main form of undernutrition among students. From 2005 to 2020, the prevalence of malnutrition showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05), but there was a rebound in 2020 from 2015, mainly because it may be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents in Macao was lower than that in Mainland China (P<0.01). The detection rates of undernutrition showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020. In the post-pandemic era, Macao should undertake more effective measures in areas such as promoting balanced nutritional intake, increasing physical activity levels, enhancing school physical education, and incorporating mental health education. These efforts are essential for further reducing the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents.

The effectiveness of “RS Centing” intervention to improve knowledge and behavior among adolescents to prevent stunting

Introduction: Based on data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting in Gresik Regency is 23%, close to the prevalence rate of stunting in East Java of 23.5%. Despite the decline, stunting is still a challenge for the government. The Gresik Regency government is focusing on ten sub-districts as priority focus locations for reducing stunting, one of which is the Kebomas Sub-District. Therefore, the researchers analyzed the implementation of Remaja Sehat Cegah Stunting/Healthy Youth Posyandu Prevent Stunting (RS Centing) program, which focuses on educating youth about stunting. Methods: Pre-experimental research, with a population of 75 teenagers, was selected based on inclusion: (1) age criteria (17-21 years old), (2) respondents who actively participate in youth activities, and (3) live in areas focused on stunting. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, which obtained 64 respondents. The dependent variable is adolescents’ level of knowledge and attitudes toward stunting—data analysis using simple linear regression analysis test. The research (1) gives a pre-test about knowledge and behavior for preventing stunting, (2) the “RS Centing” program provides assistance and outreach to young people in stunting focus locations. Then, (3) after assisting for three months, the team gave a post-test knowledge and behavior about stunting. The instruments used to conduct the research were questionnaires, pre and post-respondent knowledge, and behavior towards stunting, which would be given to respondents by Google link.Results: There was an influence of the RS Centing program on increasing knowledge (P-value &lt;0.01) and attitudes (P-value &lt;0.01) of adolescents in preventing stunting in Kebomas District, Gresik. Conclusion: The knowledge factor has the greatest influence (P-value 0.041, and relative value 0.000-0.376). Through this research, the Gresik Regency Government can optimize the RS Centing Program to reduce stunting in the Gresik Regency and achieve a stunting prevalence target of 10% in 2024. Keywords: attitudes of adolescents; knowledge; stunting

EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM CANTING DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI ANGKA PERTUMBUHAN STUNTING DI DESA SONGKA KECAMATAN BATU SOPANG

One dietary issue that needs to be addressed is stunting, particularly in underdeveloped and impoverished nations. A type of growth and development failure known as stunting leads in linear growth abnormalities in toddlers and a build-up of malnutrition that persists from pregnancy until the child is 24 months old. Early on in a child's growth and development, inadequate nourishment can have a fatal effect on the child's mental and physical development. The purpose of this study is to determine how well Songka Village, Batu Sopang District, mother and child health has improved as a result of the stunting control program. Enhancing parental practices via an intervention program to raise nutritional status identification, data collection, and monitoring in order to prevent stunting in 1,000 Hertz. There is a strategy design analysis done based on the prioritized intervention program. The analysis's findings demonstrate that a combination of aggressive tactics, optimizing targeted and sensitive nutritional interventions to promote improvements in the caliber of parenting practices for children under five, is an efficient way to hasten the decline in rural stunting rates. In order to expedite the decline in stunting rates in Songka Village, the long-term strategy makes use of the chance to bolster the government's commitment and the convergence of stunting prevention strategies.

Health Promotion in Efforts to Prevent Stunting in the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) at Puskesmas X Koto 1 Tanah Datar Regency

Stunting, a persistent global nutritional issue from inadequate care and nutritional intake, becomes evident when a child ages two. Tanah Datar recorded a 21.5% stunting rate in 2022, prompting a targeted service to enhance the literacy of pregnant women, mothers of toddlers, and cadres about the critical first 1000 days of life. Utilizing an interactive game, Emotional Demonstration, and drawing on four modules from the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), the service employed printed modules and game equipment. Held on 10 June 2023 at Wali Nagari Pandai Sikek Hall, the event gathered 20 participants, including pregnant women, mothers, cadres, and X Koto Community Health Center officers. Activities commenced with a pre-test, followed by interactive game-based education, and concluded with a post-test. The community service positively contributed to increased health literacy and awareness in the first 1000 days, validated by significant T-test results (p-value = 0.001), indicating a substantial knowledge improvement post-intervention.