Study Of Urolithiasis Research Articles

Retrospective epidemiological study of urolithiasis in western Algeria over a period of 50\xa0years

BackgroundUrolithiasis is a pathology that changes with time and with the evolution of human societies. The prevalence of this pathology has gradually increased during the last decades, especially because of dietary changes.MethodsThis work is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of the temporal type carried out at the level of the urology service of the University Hospital Center of Oran between the first January 1965 and December 31, 2014. The objectives of this work are to study the epidemiological profile of urolithiasis and to determine the evolutionary trend of the disease over time.ResultsThis study confirms some current data in the direction of an increase in surgical activity concerning the treatment of urinary stones. The analysis over time shows us a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the male predominance between 1965 and 2014 with a M/F ratio which decreased from 3.09 to 1.82, as well as an increase in the average age, rising from 28.8 years in the period 1965–1974 to 48.3 years between 2005 and 2014.ConclusionThe analysis of epidemiological data is essential to better evaluate the evolution of the urolithiasis disease, which was affirmed in our study, where a constant evolution of the characteristics of the disease was revealed, testifying the change of the socio-economic level in Algeria.

Clinico-Pathological Study of Urolithiasis with Special Reference to Urinary pH & Urinary Culture

Introduction- Urinary stone disease is one of the most common afflictions of modern society.It has been describedsince antiquity. With westernization of global culture, the site of stone formation has migrated from the lower to upperurinary tract. Urinary tract stones start to form in a kidney and may enlarge in a ureter or the bladder. Depending onlocation of stone, it may be called a renal stone, ureteral stone, bladder stone or uretheral stone.Aim and Objectives-To study the correlation of clinco-pathological factors in urolithiasis with special reference tourinary pH and urinary culture.To study the relationship of age, sex, socio-economic, in incidence of urinary calculi formation.To study the clinical presentation of urinary tract stone.To study the importance & significance of urinary pH and urinary infection in patients of urolithiasis.Material & Methods-The present study design will be of a prospective study, all the patients diagnosed asurinarylithiasis, in surgical OPD and admitted in surgical ward, of SRMS-IMS, Bareilly.1-Inclusion Criteria- All the patients diagnosed as urinarylithiasis, reported In surgical OPD and admitted in surgicalward of SRMS, IMS, Bareilly.2-Exclusion Criteria A-History of any surgery for urinary lithiasis.B-Urinary stone in congenital urinary disorders.3-Sample Size- 100 Patients.Results and Conclusions-With the precise knowledge on epidemiological profile on urolithiasis, the involvedrisk factors and knowledge of the stone constituents, it may be necessary to take certain precautionary steps likeimproving socioeconomic status, literacy, inculcating hygienic habits, avoiding and treating urinary tract infection,maintaining asepsis during urinary catheterization / instrumentation and low calcium containing diet, which may allprobably decrease the incidence and morbidity of patients suffering from urolithiasis. The patients with an episodeof stone disease or with a family history of the same are at high risk and should be closely screened for presence ofmetabolic disorders and routinely followed up to prevent further recurrences.Discussion-Urinary tract calculus disease affects people in the most productive years of their life, and more commonlyseen in males of lower socioeconomic status.Urinary tract infection is a very important independent risk factor forurolithiasis Urea splitting bacteria e.g. Proteus and non-urease containing bacteria e.g. E. Coli, both have a role inurolithiasis. Urinary ph is a very important independent risk factor for urolithiasis, in my study ph was slightly acidic.And alkaline urine patients had struvite (infection) stones.

Clinical and anatomopathological study of urolithiasis in feedlot lambs subjected to diets with different phosphorus concentrations

Abstract Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

Results of Application of Predictors of Inflammation in Patients with Urolithiasis

Despite the progress in the study of urolithiasis, the problem of the occurrence of this pathology remains one of the most complex and not yet fully resolved. In terms of prevalence, this pathology inUkrainetakes the second place among all urological diseases. Among the adult population of the planet, urolithiasis is observed in more than 4 %. InUkraine, approximately 7 % of the adult population suffer from urolithiasis. The growth rate of the incidence is 0,16–0,22, and the incidence rate is 30–40 % of the entire urological pathology, which indicates an unfavorable prognosis regarding the further spread of this disease. Joining an infection, which exacerbates the disease and worsens the prognosis, is observed in almost 70 %. Early diagnosis, timely diagnosis and determination of treatment for urolithiasis play a large role in the final result of the disease.The objective: was to determine the effectiveness of the use of inflammation predictors in patients with urolithiasis and to model further treatment tactics.Materials and methods. The publication provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the results of the examination of 70 patients with urolithiasis, who, according to the standard of care, underwent a complete urological examination. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 36 patients who underwent conservative therapy. The second group consisted of 34 patients who underwent surgery.Results. When analyzing the results of peripheral blood in two groups, no significant differences were found (P&gt;0,05). That is why, the analysis of these indicators was carried out with an additional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of urine with mandatory consideration of the clinical picture of the disease. According to the results of the study, the indicators of markers of early damage to the kidneys were more informative than general laboratory ones and indicated the presence of signs of an infectious and inflammatory process in the first 12–24 hours.Conclusion. As a result of a clinical study, it was proved that the use of predictors of inflammation, as a diagnostic criterion for an infectious and inflammatory process, is a valuable clinical tool for urolithiasis, which in more than 50 % of cases, even before the appearance of general clinical and laboratory changes, indicates the development of the inflammatory process and impaired renal function in the first 12–24 hours. Thanks to the study, it was possible to develop an algorithm for examining and choosing a method for treating patients with urolithiasis.

A study of urolithiasis in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital

Background: Paediatric urolithiasis is now commoner and is associated with a high risk of recurrence and an increased morbidity. Objectives: To study the clinical profile, the metabolic and anatomical risk factors predisposing to urolithiasis in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Method: The study included children between 1 month and 18 years of age admitted in tertiary care with a diagnosis of urolithiasis. A detailed history, including demographic data, physical examination, laboratory parameters, imaging studies, 24 hour urine for metabolic workup were noted, Stone was sent for analysis of composition. The study period was from 2012 to 2017. Results: The study group consisted of 56 children with a median age at onset of symptoms of 8.1 years. The common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (87.5%) and fever (30.4%). Anatomical defects were associated with urolithiasis in 9 (16.1%) children. Hypocitraturia was observed in 34 (63.1%) children followed by hyperoxaluria in 20 (37%) children. Hypercalciuria was observed in 8 (14.8%) children. Majority (71.5%) of calculi were in the kidney and were constituted by calcium oxalate (75%). At follow up, 10 (22.2%) children had persisting calculi, 7 (15.5%) had a recurrence and in the remaining 28 (62.2%) children no recurrence was observed. Conclusions: Abdominal pain was the presenting symptom in 87.5% cases. Hypocitraturia was observed in 63.1% cases. Majority (71.5%) of calculi were in the kidney. There were recurrent calculi in 15.5%.

The evolution of methods and techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis in the Military medical academy named after S.M. Kirov

Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases in urological practice. Since the founding of the Military Medical Academy, the study of urolithiasis has occupied a significant place in practice, research and academic work. In this article, we attempted to systematize and structure all the data that are the benefits of the scientific and practical activities of the department staff who studied the problems of urolithiasis. Particular attention is paid to the outstanding role of the founder of Russian urology, S.P. Fedorov. In chronological order, the main directions of scientific activities of the department staff are presented in the study of the aspects of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis. The research reflects the main stages of improving the methods of prompt and conservative treatment of patients with urolithiasis. The experience of the introduction and use of one of the first distant lithotriptors in domestic medicine is presented. The main works of the staff of the Academy engaged in the study of urolithiasis are covered in detail, among them are the works of Bush I.F., Savenko P.N., Solomon X.H., Rklitsky I.V., Zablotsky-Desyatovsky P.P., Grebenshchikov G.S., Kurtov A.I., Tovstoles KF, Panin A.G., Levkovsky N.S., Petrov S.B., Gadzhiyev N.K., Paronnikov M.V. The findings have not lost their relevance, are reflected in therapeutic activities and are actively used in clinical practice at the present time. The department maintains the established traditions, develops and develops new scientific directions, methods and methods of diagnosis, treatment and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis.

Updated epidemiologic study of urolithiasis in Turkey II: role of metabolic syndrome components on urolithiasis

The components of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, are thought to be associated with urolithiasis. However, there are few large-scale studies that have examined the association between metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis, which prompted us to study and evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and urolithiasis in a nationwide survey, using the cross-sectional study conducted by a professional investigation company, with 2,468 enrolled participants, aged between 18 and 70 years, from 33 provinces in Turkey. Participants were interviewed face-to-face by medical faculty students. Participants with a history of urolithiasis (Group 1) were compared with participants without a history of urolithiasis (Group 2) in terms of hypertension, diabetes, body-mass index (BMI), waist size, and trouser size using Chi-square and odds ratio tests. Of the 2,468 participants, 274 (11.1%) reported a history of urinary stone disease diagnosed by a physician. The percentage of participants with hypertension along with urolithiasis was significantly higher than that in participants without urolithiasis (16.9 and 34.3%, p 0.000, OR 3.0). The percentage of participants with diabetes in groups 1 and 2 was 14.2 and 9%, respectively (p 0.001, OR 1.83). The mean BMI was 27.2 and 25.2, respectively (p 0.01). Participants with a BMI >30 had a 2.2-fold increased risk of having urolithiasis. The mean waist size was significantly greater in participants with urolithiasis (p 0.000). Those with a waist size >100 cm had a 1.87-fold increased risk of having urolithiasis. The mean trouser size was also significantly larger in those participants who were stone formers (p 0.003). The results indicate that metabolic syndrome components are important factors in the development of urolithiasis.

One year follow-up study of urolithiasis in infants exposed to melamine-tainted powdered formula

Objective To investigate the condition of infants with urolithiasis caused by melaminetainted powdered formula at one-year follow-up. Methods Eighty-one young children with melamine-induced urolithiasis were followed up,which included urinalysis,renal-function tests,urinary tests for biochemical markers of renal glomerular and tubular function,and ultrasonography.Eighty-one age-matched healthy infants without exposure to melamine-contaminated formulas were enrolled as controls. Results Fifty-one of the patients were male and 30 female,with a mean age of 26 months (range 13 -48 months).The 81 children were divided into 2 groups according to treatment protocols.Group 1 received conservative treatment ( n =54 ) and Group 2 received surgical treatment ( n =27 ).In Group 1,3 patients (5.6％) had stone-residual:1 girl had calculus of 0.4 cm in diameter in the left kidney and 2 girls had calculus of 0.3 cm in diameter in the right kidney.In Group 2,2 patients (7.4％) had stone-residual,1 boy had crystallization of 0.2 cm in diameter in the right kidney and 1 boy had calculus of 1.5 cm in diameter in the left kidney,positive stone was confirmed by X-ray and accepted percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Urinary microalbumin levels were significantly increased in the children with melamine-induced urolithiasis compared with the control group (P ＜0.01 ).Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were within the normal range with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusions At one-year follow-up most of the children exposed to melamine-tainted infant formula in both treatment groups had returned to a healthy state,suggesting a satisfactory outcome for both treatment options.However,surgery is recommended in patients with stoneresidual ＞ 10 mm. Key words: Urinary calculi; Melamine; Infant; Follow-up studies

Técnicas cirúrgicas para urolitíase obstrutiva em pequenos ruminantes: relato de casos

Relataram-se dois casos em que a penectomia com transposição peniana perineal foram as técnicas cirúrgicas de escolha e que resultaram em 50% de sucesso. Quatro casos em que as cistotomias seguidas de cistostomias apresentaram 100% de sucesso, um caso em que só a cistotomia foi realizada e não se obteve sucesso, um caso em que apenas o tratamento clínico foi eficiente e dois casos em que houve 100% de insucesso, independentemente da técnica cirúrgica utilizada, devido ao quadro avançado de azotemia e choque toxêmico dos animais. O estudo foi realizado durante os anos de 2003 a 2005, com a casuística de urolitíase obstrutiva em caprinos e ovinos, de forma a descrever as causas e as conseqüências das decisões terapêuticas empregadas.