Study Of Urban Mobility Research Articles

Bike sharing and cable car demand forecasting using machine learning and deep learning multivariate time series approaches

In this paper the performance of different Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches is evaluated in problems related to green mobility in big cities. Specifically, the forecasting of bike sharing demand in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) is approached, for different prediction time-horizons, and also a problem of cable car demand forecasting in Madrid city. An important number of predictive variables are considered, which are grouped into four different sets (categorical/calendrical, persistence-based, meteorological and, as a novelty of the paper, information about analogue past instances), whose relevance is studied for all cases. A feature selection mechanism is also incorporated in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithms. A total of 12 different multivariate regression techniques are implemented, covering from Machine Learning methods to time-series Deep Learning approaches. Excellent results in all the prediction problems approached are reported. Finally, the consequences of obtaining accurate prediction in these three problem of green mobility in big cities are discussed. In addition, it is studied how the results could be exported to other similar cases in more general urban mobility studies. Novelties of the work include: (1) Addressing the forecast problem of passenger flow on a cable car using ML and DL multivariate techniques; (2) using the demand of analogous past instances as an additional feature to solve the demand prediction problems; and (3) the extraction of global conclusions about feature relevance when addressing a demand forecasting problem in green mobility.

Connectivity of Urban Spaces Typology and Urban Mobility Topology

In the study, the connectivity of the ontological and epistemological knowledge of the space in intervening in urban transportation and mobility problems is questioned through the sample area. The purpose of the questioning; is to understand whether potential urban mobility analysis and original application principles can be obtained by trying to reflect the epistemological knowledge of the space to the ontological knowledge. Urban mobility studies; it is seen as sustainable and up-to-date approaches that are handled with original preparation, plan, implementation and monitoring processes, that bring together land use regulations, development plans and transportation plans in the solution of urban transportation problems, and combine spatial and other relational dimensions that develop accordingly. As a result of the inquiry, it was determined that the connectivity between epistemological and ontological knowledge of the space effectively solved urban transportation and mobility problems. It has been seen that it is effective in directing planning and design, especially in urban mobility planning, at the lower scale, during plan implementations, or before plan making. The first stage of the study consists of understanding the ontological and epistemological layers of urban space. In the second stage, the connectivities of these layers in intervening in urban transportation and mobility problems are examined. In the study, while producing urban mobility resolutions, improvements were made to the ontological and epistemological layers of the space (topographic, typological, topological, and hodological), and these were tested on the sample area. Thus, it will be understood whether the method to be followed will be valid in other cities.

Taxi and urban mobility studies: A bibliometric analysis

In the context of increasing globalization and global competition, urban mobility in terms of different private Taxi transport projects is gaining relevance. In the last decade, interest in studying the impact of Taxi options on changes in urban mobility and consumer preferences has increased. The most important recent line of study is the development of the dimensions of urban mobility and the possible incorporation of new ones and the Taxi option is one of the most important dimensions in urban mobility dynamism. Therefore, it becomes a necessary task to measure the amount and level of academic work that has been carried out on urban mobility, its dimensions, and the effect that Taxi options may have. So, the main objective of this paper is to examine the current state of urban mobility, carrying out a bibliometric analysis. 6687 research papers published between 1967 and 2021 have been analysed based on the results of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS), identifying publications and co-authorship among the most recognized authors, the countries with the highest percentage of scientific production, the most prominent citations, the most influential journals, and the co-occurrence of keywords. In summary, the most recurring topics that show the academic development of urban mobility have been identified, guiding on future topics to be incorporated into the study and measurement of urban mobility options, such as Taxi, ride-sourcing, ride-pooling, ride-sharing and others.

The Other Side of the (Policy) Coin: Analyzing Exnovation Policies for the Urban Mobility Transition in Eight Cities around the Globe

Many cities all over the world highlight the need to transform their urban mobility systems into more sustainable ones, to confront pressing issues such as air and noise pollution, and to deliver on climate change mitigation action. While the support of innovations is high on the agenda of both national and local authorities, consciously phasing-out unsustainable technologies and practices is often neglected. However, this other side of the policy coin, ‘exnovation’, is a crucial element for the mobility transition. We developed a framework to facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of urban mobility transition policies, systematically integrating exnovation policies. It links exnovation functions as identified in transition studies with insights from urban mobility studies and empirical findings from eight city case studies around the world. The findings suggest that most cities use some kinds of exnovation policies to address selective urban mobility issues, e.g., phasing-out diesel buses, restricting the use of polluting motor vehicles in some parts of the city, etc. Still, we found no evidence for a systematic exnovation approach alongside the innovation policies. Our framework specifies exnovation functions for the urban mobility transition by lining out policy levers and concrete measure examples. We hope that the framework inspires future in-depth research, but also political action to advance the urban mobility transition.

RE-DEFINING THE SYSTEM BOUNDARIES OF HUMAN-CENTRED DESIGN

AbstractMost services and products are designed in response to the needs, desires or expectations of humans. A variety of methodologies grouped by the term Human-Centred Design (HCD) have been deployed to formalise and improve this process, ranging from user-centred to participatory practices. However, the approaches’ consideration is primarily limited to individuals in their respective space and time.To examine these system boundaries in detail and address potentials for adaptation, this paper reviews dominant HCD methodologies, categorises them and highlights their respective characteristics. Further, concepts and methodologies from related fields are studied for potential contributions to HCD. This results in a proposed re-definition of the system boundaries of HCD by integrating spatio-temporal impacts on humans through an extended social, environmental and economic scope.The different studied approaches and varying impact assessments are exemplarily applied to the case study of urban mobility, in particular human-centred, scenario-based design approaches. However, the described methods and concepts are kept generic to ensure the applicability across various domains of design practice.

Studies on urban mobility and use of ICT in relation to cities' sustainability. A bibliometric analysis

The objective of this article is to present three groups of analysis in urban mobility studies, their relationship with the use of ICT and how the findings promote urban sustainability. 40 documents in the Scopus database were systematically reviewed. The research methodology used was mixed, where methods of qualitative analysis and bibliometric analysis were combined with the Vantage Point software. The results made it possible to establish which projects are at the forefront of the study of urban mobility. This article will contribute to future research and could be useful for discussions on public policy on urban mobility.

Transferring Urban Mobility Studies in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo to Other Large MENA Cities: Steps toward Sustainable Transport

AbstractThe number of urban mobility studies and projects in the three large metropoles of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo, is growing while other large cities do not enjoy a large share. It would be efficient for those other large cities to adapt the experiences, projects, and studies of Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo to their own contexts. This paper can help facilitate that adaptation. It investigates the transferability and generalisability of the findings of a recent publication by the lead author on mobility choices in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo to some other large cities of more than one million inhabitants in the MENA region. The discussion provided here can provide decision-makers in the MENA region with guidance on how to utilise the findings from a recent study on Tehran/Istanbul/Cairo in their own contexts. T-tests were conducted to test the comparability of the three base cities with a sample 57 others with populations of over one million people. The results show that it would be possible to adapt the urban mobility studies of the three base megacities to 3 to 27 cities based on different criteria. Key suggestions identified by this study include providing local accessibility, neighbourhood facilities, and cycling facilities as well as removing social and legal constraints to cycling, advertising cycling, informing people about the harm arising from the overuse of cars, and increasing street connectivity by adding intersections. According to the findings, these evidence-based recommendations can enhance sustainable mobility for the inhabitants of up to 27 large cities.

Anomalous Urban Mobility Pattern Detection Based on GPS Trajectories and POI Data

Anomalous urban mobility pattern refers to abnormal human mobility flow in a city. Anomalous urban mobility pattern detection is important in the study of urban mobility. In this paper, a framework is proposed to identify anomalous urban mobility patterns based on taxi GPS trajectories and Point of Interest (POI) data. In the framework, functional regions are first generated based on the distribution of POIs by the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. A Weighted Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (WTF-IDF) method is proposed to identify function values in each region. Then, the Origin-Destination (OD) of trips between functional regions is extracted from GPS trajectories to detect anomalous urban mobility patterns. Mobility vectors are established for each time interval based on the OD of trips and are classified into clusters by the mean shift algorithm. Abnormal urban mobility patterns are identified by processing the mobility vectors. A case study in the city of Wuhan, China, is conducted; the experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify daily and hourly anomalous urban mobility patterns.

도시 특성에 따른 도시형 모빌리티 비교연구

오늘날 세계 주요 도시들은 도시화로 인한 교통과 환경 문제 해결을 위해 도시의 특성과 통행을 고려한 신교통시스템인 MaaS(Mobility as a Service)를 도입하고 있다.BR 이에 본 연구는 전 세계 주요 도시형 모빌리티 서비스를 분석하는데 도시의 특성과 연계시켜 각 도시의 특성에 따라 어떤 서비스가 제공되는지를 파악하는 것에 목적을 두었다.BR 연구의 방법은 MaaS에 대한 기본 개념과 도입배경을 정리하고, 도시의 특성과 도시형 모빌리티 서비스를 파악하기 위해 분석의 기본이 되는 8개의 키워드를 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 각 도시의 특성과 MaaS를 비교 분석하였고 연구 결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 지역적 특성으로는 (1)선정된 사례 도시들은 선진국이며, 풍부한 녹지공간을 가지고 있다. (2)무엇보다 교통의 효율성을 최우선시하지만, 환경문제에도 큰 관심이 있기 때문에 친환경 교통수단으로 유도하는 경향이 있다. (3)대부분 수변 도시로 대중교통으로 페리를 포함시키고 있으며, 바다라는 물리적인 제한이 있어 교통량을 분산을 위해 MaaS를 도입했다. (4)대략 50만-60만 정도 인구를 가진 중소규모의 도시에서 운영되고 있다.BR 둘째, 도시 성격에 따른 특성은 (1)공공의 성격을 가진 도시들로 대중교통 시스템은 정부에서 관리하고 있으며, 운영 중체는 민간에서 하고 있다. (2)대부분 유럽 국가소속으로, EU 체제에 협력되어 운영되고 있기 때문에 교통수단 활용의 제약이 적다. (3)새로운 인프라 확충이 아닌, 기존 교통수단 중심으로 연계하여 서비스를 제공하고 있다. (4)주거 지역에는 MaaS 위주로 서비스가 이루어지며, 주거와 상업지역이 어우러져 있는 곳은 MaaS와 공유형 기반 통근버스가 제공되는 경향이 있다.

Social media and urban mobility: Using twitter to calculate home-work travel matrices

The proliferation of Big Data is beneficial to the study of mobility patterns in cities. This work investigates the use of social media as an efficient tool for urban mobility studies. In this case, the social network Twitter has been used, due to its wealth of spatial and temporal data and the possibility of accessing data free of charge. Using a database of geotagged tweets in the Madrid Metropolitan Area over a two-year period, this article describes the steps followed in the preparation and cleansing of the initial data and the visualisation of the results in Geographic Information Systems in the form of home-work matrices. The Origin-Destination matrices obtained were then compared with the official data provided by the Madrid Transport Consortium from the 2014 Synthetic Mobility Survey. The results of this comparison demonstrate that the level of precision offered by Twitter as a source of geographic information is adequate and efficient, thereby permitting a more in-depth analysis of flows between different zones of interest in the study area.

A high-precision heuristic model to detect home and work locations from smart card data

ABSTRACTSmart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers. Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research. This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations. The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity, visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters, and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities. London is taken as a case study, and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision. This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.

Homicide Rates and Mortality Trends: Perspectives from Public-Health Scholarship

More than three decades ago, Eric H. Monkkonen celebrated the creative fragmentation of criminal-justice history. He compared the field, which was then in its infancy, to U.S. urban history and noted that the latter had quickly become inward-looking as a consequence of a rush to synthesize exciting new findings. The great methodological and theoretical promise of 1960s and 1970s urban mobility studies dominated the field, making it increasingly narrow as historian after historian reproduced t...

Mobility and accessibility in historic cities

The historic cities of Brazil, despite its colonial structure, don't fail to go through transformations that affect contemporary cities, which is the main source of problems, leading to new approaches to urban issues such as mobility and accessibility. The uncontrolled growth of tourism in the historic cities can be considered as a big problem, because at the same time, they have committed to the conservation of its built heritage and demand control of the activities that occur in their areas without harm. Then, a permanent dialogue between conservatives and planners could be accomplished by joining the various sectoral policies. The study of urban mobility in historical sites was in fact the focus of this work because of their peculiarities, such as its specific characteristics of urban structure, morphology and occupation. In fact, the development of tourism in historic centers generates specific demands, such as adaptation to new uses of the houses, intensive movement of people and vehicles, illegal parking, among others. Beyond threatening the city preservation, does not provide mobility and accessibility to tourists, because these cities were not designed for the tourism conditions and needs of contemporary life. Characteristic features of Brazilian baroque cities, such as topography , the narrow streets, narrow or nonexistent sidewalks, steep turns and ramps strong, are not suitable for heavy vehicles, traffic and pedestrian circulation. Thus, studies concerning conservation urban integrated are aimed at an approach to interaction between historic preservation of the environment with the dynamic socio-economic of the local.