Phenomenological Study Research Articles

Globalization and changing gender norms: A comparative study of working women in Japan, Singapore, and India

Globalization's impacts on gender roles in Asia remain inadequately understood despite extensive scholarship on women's empowerment worldwide. This comparative study investigates how increasing integration into the global economy shapes gender norms and labor force gender gaps in Japan, Singapore and India. Quantitative analysis of World Bank indicators over 1990-2020 reveals divergent patterns; while female labor participation rates converge towards egalitarian norms in Japan and Singapore (rising from 48.89% to 49.29%, and 51.34% to 60.01% respectively), India exhibits persistence of gaping gender imbalances, only narrowing from 32.7% to 32.9% over thirty years. These macro-level trends provide impetus for follow-up qualitative phenomenological study through 1) ethnographic observations of professional women in Tokyo, Delhi and Singapore and 2) in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 60 total working women (n=20 per site) across corporate, service and informal sectors. Thematic analysis of narratives will elucidate common and distinctive mechanisms by which global and local forces interact to moderate traditional patriarchal attitudes and yield varied empowerment outcomes for Asian women. Blending macro-statistical and ground-level qualitative approaches enables holistic understanding of globalization's socioeconomic influences on renegotiating gender relations in context. Findings will inform theory and practice on global forces, development and women's welfare in late modernity.

A phenomenological analysis of LHC neutrino scattering at NLO accuracy matched to parton showers

AbstractWe perform a detailed phenomenological study of high-energy neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) focused on LHC far-forward experiments such as FASER$$\nu $$ ν and SND@LHC. To this aim, we parametrise the neutrino fluxes reaching these LHC far-forward experiments in terms of ‘neutrino PDFs’ encoding their energy and rapidity dependence by means of the LHAPDF framework. We integrate these neutrino PDFs in the recently developed POWHEG-BOX-RES implementation of neutrino-induced DIS to produce predictions accurate at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the QCD coupling matched to parton showers (PS) with Pythia8. We present NLO+PS predictions for final-state distributions within the acceptance for FASER$$\nu $$ ν and SND@LHC as well as for two experiments of the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), FASER$$\nu $$ ν 2 and FLArE. We quantify the impact of NLO QCD corrections, of the parton showering and hadronisation settings in Pythia8, of the QED shower, and of the incoming neutrino flavour for the description of these observables, and compare our predictions with the GENIE neutrino event generator. Our work demonstrates the relevance of modern higher-order event generators to achieve the key scientific targets of the LHC neutrino experiments.

Disaster Management Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of Individuals Who Survived the Earthquake in Turkey in the Earthquake of the Century: A Phenomenological Study

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to examine the disaster management experiences and psychosocial problems of individuals who survived the earthquake in Turkey during the earthquake of the century.Materials and MethodsA qualitative research design, phenomenological research, was applied in this study. This qualitative study included 33 volunteer earthquake survivors. The interviews were conducted using WhatsApp. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the analysis of the data, five themes (perception of the earthquake concept, things to do during an earthquake, actions taken to survive under the rubble, meeting everyday chores and dealing with post‐earthquake challenges, perceptions of disaster management), and fifteensubthemes (features of the earthquake, emotions, thoughts, correct actions, incorrect actions, actions for the body, situation‐oriented actions, housing, nutrition, hygiene, sleep, security, preparation, coping, and intervention) were identified.ConclusionThe study showed that the earthquake negatively affected individuals psychosocially, but the effective spiritual coping mechanisms utilized to cope with the catastrophic event under the rubble supported the survival process. In addition, it was determined that the participants believed that religion and spirituality were important in coping with the earthquake.

Unveiling the essence of trash-talking: A phenomenological study of teenagers’ behavior in online games

ABSTRACT This study focuses on teens’ trash-talking behavior while playing internet games. Phenomenology is the method used, and it seeks to reduce individual perceptions of phenomena into descriptions of universal essences or essences. This research aims to discover and examine the trash-talking behavior that has become common among teenagers while playing online games (OG). The findings of this study suggest that markers of trash-talking conduct include insults to intelligence, swearing at prohibited items, and calling animal and dirt names. The symbol of trash-talking conduct represents a release of emotions such as anger and disappointment, sarcasm or criticism, admiration for a good game, and an outpouring of joy. This study’s findings indicate a process of symbolic contact amongst the five informants while playing the Mobile Legends game. On the mental side, three categories are distinguished: being conscious of the situation and conditions in trash-talking conduct, feeling strange if you don’t have trash-talking behavior, and being accustomed to trash-talking behavior. Trash-talking conduct can be classified into two types: showing team closeness and cohesion and disrupting the opposing team’s concentration. Trash-talking conduct is classified as either helping to break down the mood in a freshly established group or producing conflict in the actual world due to feelings of offense.

Exploring the ethical decision-making experience of caregivers of end stage cancer patients in Iran: a phenomenological study.

Ethical decision making is a complex issue because it strongly depends on the religion, beliefs, traditional laws and moral views of each society. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of Iranian family caregivers of end stage cancer patients about ethical decision making. This qualitative study is based on van Manen's method of hermeneutic phenomenology. In-depth interviews were carried out to collect data. Participants were 12 caregiver. Audiotapes were transcribed and analyzed for common themes that represented the participants' experiences. Trustworthiness of the findings was established using the Lincoln and Guba's criteria. Three themes reflected the essence of caregivers' lived experience including; fluctuating between hope and despair, wandering dilemma, and ethical decision making. Each of these themes consisted of several subthemes. The present study revealed that, the caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients need different information about prognosis and end of life decision making process. Our perception of how families negotiate ethical issues in their decision-making is still developing. Opportunities should be created to empowering caregivers to talk about their uncertainties and concerns.

Factors associated with access and utilization of sexual abuse emergency healthcare services among street children in Zomba, Malawi: a qualitative study.

Sexual abuse among street children is a problem that renders a burden of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and early pregnancy. Literature shows that globally 95 million children experience sexual abuse with 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 7 boys exposed to sexual abuse before 18years of age in Malawi. Malawi adopted the World Health Organization guidelines for providing emergency health services for victims of sexual abuse, which include HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP) within 72h of exposure, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) treatment, and psychosocial services. However, there are challenges associated with the services that limit access and utilization among street children. This study explored the factors associated with access and utilization of sexual abuse emergency healthcare services among street children in Zomba. This was a cross-sectional phenomenological qualitative study conducted in Zomba City from 2022 to 2023 using in-depth and key informant interviews. We purposively selected street children between 10 to 17years who have been exposed to sexual abuse on the streets and social actors working with street children. The study employed a thematic analysis approach. The study found that street children did not utilize sexual abuse emergency health services. The major factors associated with utilization included the knowledge of sexual abuse, its associated health risks and sexual abuse emergency health services, and perceptions of utilizing sexual abuse emergency health services. The barriers to utilization of sexual abuse emergency health services included perceived shame, fear, discrimination, prolonged treatment process, and attitude of the health service providers. Sexual abuse and its health risks continue to be a challenge among street children. The absence of adequate connections and secure environments for street children to report sexual abuse and seek help without facing judgment has created significant obstacles for them in accessing sexual abuse emergency health services. To curb this challenge it is crucial for successful interventions to specifically address the health needs of street children and involve them in the decision-making processes related to their interventions.

Perceptions of Indian dental students about online training on preclinical orthodontics during the COVID pandemic: A qualitative study

The objective of the study was to determine students’ perceptions about online training in preclinical orthodontics during the COVID lockdown. After obtaining ethical approval this phenomenological descriptive qualitative study was conducted for sixty minutes on two different days. It reported students’ experiences during the pandemic through focus group discussions. These were recorded on audio and video platforms. The researchers then transcribed and analyzed the recordings and codified the answers into categories to determine the emerging topics until a saturation point was reached. The core emerging themes were (1) Angst and apprehensions (2) Perception about the learning experience (3) Challenges encountered. Even though online learning has been a useful tool for delivering didactic (theoretical) concepts, we attempted to teach preclinical orthodontics to students of final year BDS. Students reported being skeptical and worried at first, but they soon were able to overcome the initial apprehensions and perform well.

At risk but not adequately included: People with disabilities’ experience of COVID-19 in Zambia

Background: COVID-19 had an impact on all sections of society, including people with disabilities.Objectives: The authors aimed to explore the needs and experiences of people with disabilities in Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: In this hermeneutic phenomenological study, we used a semi-structured interview guide to collect data from a purposive and snowball sample of 40 people with disabilities and their caregivers. The participants were from 11 districts in 6 provinces in Zambia. The in-depth interviews were done between July 2022 and November 2022. Data were managed in NVivo and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results: The three themes included: (1) awareness and experience of public health measures on COVID-19 among people with disabilities; (2) experience of othering and stigmatisation as people with disability during the COVID-19 pandemic and (3) experience of COVID-19 symptoms and having COVID-19 among people with disabilities.Conclusion: Interventions were largely unresponsive to the needs of people with disabilities, exacerbating the risk of exposure to infection. In future, adaptations like emergency risk communication in braille, audio and sign language interpretation in adapted communication formats should be made. Further studies are needed to quantify the gaps in access to health, explore policies and strategies to improve health outcomes for people with disabilities in LMICs like Zambia.Contribution: The findings may contribute to the development and enhancement of policies and interventions responsive to the needs of people with disabilities in future pandemics in the Zambian context.

Exploring the lived experiences of deep vein thrombosis patients in Lahore, Pakistan: a qualitative phenomenological study on healthcare challenges, resilience and social support

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore and describe the lived psychological and emotional experiences of sufferers of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to narrate the effect of those experiences on their...

Urban Pre-service English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) Teachers’ Challenges During Teaching Practicum in Rural Schools: A Photovoice Phenomenological Approach

While many previous studies focused on English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) teachers’ teaching practices in urban schools, little study has been indulged regarding pre-service English teachers’ (PSTs) challenges and experiences to practice teaching in a rural school. This study aimed to explore various difficulties encountered by urban PSTs during teaching practicum (TP) in rural schools. A total of seven PSTs enrolled in urban universities were voluntarily involved in a study that involves people’s senses and perceptions, rather than scientific evidence, also known as a phenomenological study. Data were collected through multiple semi-structured interviews, followed by a photovoice approach through which the participants were asked to take emotional photos. The results revealed that the PSTs encountered four main challenges during TP in rural schools, including changes in teacher identity construction, intercultural sensitivity barriers, a lack of supporting resources, and limited teacher professional development. Each challenge was accomplished by photographs representing PSTs’ emotions and feelings, such as a collection of dolls, natural scenery, old-printed books, and blank paper. In conclusion, integrating emotional photos into descriptive exploration is paramount evidence of how the challenges were encountered, managed, and solved for better future teaching and learning practices.

Fostering Student Happiness in Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study in Elementary School

Students` comfort while at school plays a vital role in learning. Teachers` representation is required to foster students` well-being. This mini research explores the perspective of the 1st-grade elementary school teachers on student well-being and their experience in promoting it. The data was obtained through an interview with one teacher and analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. The analysis results showed four themes: the principles of student well-being, the ways the teacher encourages students` well-being, and support and challenges for the teacher. This study concludes that the role of teachers is very important in providing a pleasant learning atmosphere for students. There are many ways that teachers can be creative with support from schools and the community

To be heard or not to be heard: Precarity in the lives of Turkish musicians in Paris and Istanbul

This phenomenological study explores Turkish musicians’ precarity experiences in Paris and Istanbul. Based on in-depth interviews conducted with 11 professional musicians in each city, it focuses on participants’ lived experiences and interpretations to understand how the precarity varies in these cities with different social policy tools available to musicians. The themes resulting from the data analysis indicate similar challenges in both cities, namely insufficient and low income, employment uncertainty, and informal work relations. Nevertheless, these problems manifest differently in each case. Musicians in Istanbul endure more severe consequences of precarity, lacking fundamental social rights. Hence, the essence of their precarity experience is a sense of invisibility, marginalization, and an unassured future. On the contrary, social policy measures, particularly the “Intermittence du Spectacle” regime tailored for intermittent performance workers in France, provide a significant safety net to mitigate the effects of precarity in the Paris case.

Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Experiences at the Intersection of Culturally Sustaining and Historically Responsive Pedagogy, Early Literacy, and the Science of Reading

This phenomenological study reports findings related to preservice teachers’ experiences mentoring early elementary readers. Preservice teachers in this study were enrolled in a literacy methods course designed to develop their understanding of early literacy, including knowledge of the written code and culturally sustaining and historically responsive pedagogy, and prepare them for the Texas’ Science of Teaching Reading exam. Within this context, we explored how preservice teachers worked to bridge multiple approaches to literacy instruction. Thematic results illustrate how preservice teachers sustained the lifeways of children through literacy as a social practice, created space for code-based and meaning-making skills, and learned to teach responsively. These results provide implications for a comprehensive approach to preparing teachers of elementary literacy: one that fosters knowledge of the written code while contextualizing knowledge in children's cultures, communities, and experiences.

MICROPRUDENTIAL ASPECT BEYOND RULE OF THUMB IN RURAL BANK INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

Objective: This research aims to examine the microprudential aspects beyond traditional rule of thumb measures in the regulation of Rural Banks in Indonesia, particularly focusing on the implications of recent regulatory changes that have prompted Rural Bank mergers. Theoretical Framework: This research utilizes a framework that incorporates financial ratios as critical indicators of bank performance and health. It considers the influence of regulatory frameworks—especially those outlined in POJK regulations—on the operational effectiveness and stability of Rural Banks. Related to the forced corporate action, reason that administrative reform may not have increased merger activity as expected is that larger, combined activities are likely to be more readily able to absorb the significant costs of complying with administrative reform than smaller Rural Bank. Method: This research methodology used is a qualitative descriptive method. In conducting this study, researchers used primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the results practitioners' perspective of interviews (in-depth interviews) with experts and practitioners, who have an understanding of the issues discussed in Rural Bank Industry so that we can presumably determine the real current situation using a Qualitative Descriptive method with a Phenomenology study approach. While secondary data was complemented by data collected from literature studies, from the Financial Service Authority (OJK) official website, Several Rural Bank Performance Report and Financial Report during 2019 - 2023, scientific articles, books, information from the mass media and other relevant sources of information. Result and Discussion: This study highlights that reliance solely on the rule of thumb can be misleading in assessing bank health. It shows that a detailed analysis of various financial ratios—such as capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings, and liquidity—provides a more comprehensive understanding of a bank's performance and risks associated with mergers. The banking industry those had time to familiarize itself with the subject and to put legislation into concrete action. Other findings indicate that the enforcement of regulations aimed at increasing capital adequacy and reducing systemic risk has led to forced mergers among Rural Banks. Research Implication: The study underscores the importance of integrating microprudential regulations into the operational frameworks of Rural Banks. It suggests that regulators should prioritize comprehensive assessments based on financial ratios rather than simplistic heuristic methods, especially in the context of forced mergers driven by regulatory pressures. Effective and appropriate use of the merger strategies forced by regulator (OJK) have not facilitated Rural Banks’ efforts exactly to earn above-average returns. However, even when pursued for value-creating reason, merger strategies are not problem-free. Reason for the use of merger strategies and potential problem with such strategies are suboptimum goals congruence because of management control problem – include lack of direction, motivational problem, and personal limitation (Merchant et al, 2017). Recommendation: The research recommends that Rural Banks systematically evaluate their financial health using detailed financial ratios and adapt to the new regulatory landscape that encourages mergers. It also urges regulators to refine their guidelines to include these metrics as essential tools for ongoing performance assessment. Enhanced training for bank management on interpreting and applying these financial ratios can improve overall operational effectiveness, particularly in the context of mergers. Merger is not just about consolidating financial aspects, but also harmonizing the combination of tangible (Numbers on Balance Sheet) and intangible assets (Human capital aspect).

Death and Dying in the Emergency Department: A New Model for End-of-Life Care.

Death and dying remain taboo subjects in society today and therefore people may come to the end of their life without having thought about what death and dying might be like and what it is to have a good death. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experience of death and dying in a hospital emergency department. Culturally, some individuals are unprepared for death, and when death occurs in an emergency setting it can be particularly shocking. A phenomenological study was undertaken, based on the existential phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty; and framed by the nurse theorist Hildegard Peplau. Bereaved relatives and registered nurses gave in-depth interviews describing their experiences and the interviews were analysed using an adaptation of the work of Thomas and Pollio (2002) and Hycner (1985), consistent with Merleau-Ponty's theories. The study brings new understanding of what it is like to die in an emergency setting through new understanding of what the accompanying relatives/friends of the deceased person experience, aided by new understanding of the experiences of emergency nurses. A nursing model based both on the work of Peplau (Parse etal. 2000) and on the work of the nurse theorists Ruland and Moore (1998) and Zaccara etal. (2017) was devised for use in the emergency department when death occurs. It is hoped that this model will help nurses improve the care given to this group of patients and their loved ones.

Healthcare Experiences and Needs of Older Adults Living With HIV: A Qualitative Study.

To explore the healthcare experiences and needs of older adults living with HIV in Sweden. A phenomenological study using qualitative thematic analysis. Data were gathered through semistructured qualitative interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. A purposive sample of individuals ageing and living with HIV was recruited for this study. A total of 22 participants aged 65 years and older, with a mean age of 75 years, participated in the study. Living with HIV meant a need to rely on consistent healthcare and treatment over the course of one's lifetime. The experiences of older adults were described under four themes: relying on access to health care, desiring involvement and shared decision-making, the importance of trust and confidentiality and experiences of stigma in healthcare visits. Living and ageing with HIV involved recurring exposure and vulnerability in healthcare encounters, and experiences of being exposed to HIV-related stigma, especially outside HIV clinics. Continuity and being seen as a person in healthcare encounters were important. Enhancing HIV knowledge alongside fostering supportive attitudes and approaches of healthcare professionals is critical for ensuring high-quality and nondiscriminating health care. Meeting the needs of older adults living with HIV requires a person-centred approach, including active involvement and shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers. This study describes the healthcare experiences and needs of older adults, aged 65 years and older, living with HIV, a population that is not typically investigated in qualitative research. Living and ageing with HIV means a vulnerability where the attitudes of professionals and the active involvement of the patient become significant for quality care. The findings can help with the implementation of policies and practices for the care of older adults living with HIV. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) was used. Patient representatives were involved in discussions on data collection and the development of the interview guide.

Community Leaders’ Perceptions of the Unique Service Barriers and Facilitators Among Immigrant Families With Young Children in the Rural U.S.–Mexico Border Region

The present descriptive phenomenological study examines the unique service access barriers and facilitators of immigrant families along the rural U.S.–Mexico border from the perspectives of agency and government representatives. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine local/state government officials and 14 community agency leaders using purposive and snowball sampling. A phenomenological thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze data from individual interviews. Findings reveal that unique barriers experienced by immigrant families in the U.S.–Mexico border region include rurality, border checkpoints, and U.S. Customs and Border Patrol presence, which have placed mobility limitations on immigrant families, cutting them off from central service providers. Programs and policies aimed at engagement of mixed-status families in areas along the U.S.–Mexico border need to create mechanisms to better reach these families.

The Effects of Correctional Environments on Correctional Mental Health Professionals: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Despite their role on the frontlines of mental health services in the U.S., there is a paucity of research on the correctional mental health workforce. This article reports the findings of a phenomenological, qualitative study that explores how correctional mental health professionals perceive the effects of working in correctional environments. Qualitative interviews were conducted with correctional mental health professionals in Colorado (n = 22). Theoretical considerations on the experiences of correctional mental health professionals including burnout, trauma/secondary trauma, dehumanization, moral injury, corrections fatigue, and post-traumatic growth. Findings reveal that correctional mental health professionals’ experiences fall into five thematic categories: 1—relationships between mental health and corrections, 2—absence of clinical supervision, 3—harms of the correctional environment, 4—“a different world:” professional isolation, and 5—the power of purpose. Narrative excerpts from the participants are provided throughout to illustrate study themes. Study strengths and limitations, directions for future research and practice implications are also discussed.

“We Hold Culture in Our Hearts”: A Phenomenological Study of Hispanic/Latina Homeschool Experiences

ABSTRACT Although one of the fastest-growing homeschool subgroups, there are no empirical studies specifically considering Hispanic/Latino/a/x/e homeschool families. This study asks Hispanic and Latina parents to describe what homeschooling means to them. Using phenomenology, intersectionality, and community cultural wealth, we interviewed 18 mothers across the nation. We find that preservation or reclamation of cultural heritage is the most meaningful result of the decision to homeschool. Specific aspects of culture found are family cohesion, familial language, and living the values of a strong work ethic and the need to be resourceful. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.

When the past becomes future-like: A phenomenological study of memory, time, and self-familiarity

AbstractThis paper sets out a phenomenological account of how the autobiographical past can, on occasion, assume certain future-like qualities. I begin by reflecting on the analogy of a bore wave, as employed in a novel by Julian Barnes. Building on this, I turn to Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre in order to address how our memories are revised in light of our current concerns and vice versa. Then, by adapting Edmund Husserl’s conception of temporal “protention,” I show how acts of remembering are integral to a process of ongoing reconciliation between our current orientation towards the future and the autobiographical past. They sustain, disrupt, and reconsolidate a non-localized, dynamic sense of who we are, in ways that are inseparable from how we experience time.