Study Of Literary Texts Research Articles

Authorial neologisms and occasionalisms. The phenomenon of the novel “The Little hero” by F.M. Dostoevsky

The purpose of the study is to identify neologisms and occasionalisms as special words and phrases that characterize the author’s idiostyle; to show their origin; to explain their difference and similarity; to clarify the terminology. The aim of the study is to show new words and combinations of words in the General fabric of the author’s text and explain their use and purpose; to trace the dependence of the number of neologisms and occasionalisms on the conditions of creation of the work and the initial idea of the author. The method of linguistic research is the use of electronic and corpus technology in the study of literary text. Standard spelling program allows you to see in the text of neologisms and occasional, which stand out as different from the norm of literary language. Then the linguistic analysis of innovations is carried out and their classification is made on the basis of similar signs on etymology, word formation and morphological, semantic and phraseological modification. Take into account the precedent of the creation of the neologism occasionalism or due to the Cabinet technology. Clarification of terms to describe the language of the writer and his creative manner leads to a unification of understanding neologisms and occasionalisms in context due to the usage of the author, allowing you to create a special vertext in understanding any text. This is expressed in the anticipation of the perception of the text and in a concise and capacious characterization. Quantitative picture of neologisms-occasionalisms in all the works of Dostoevsky and every in the long term makes it possible to compare how different works of the writer and of works of different authors in the synchrony and diachrony of the Russian language. The research initially is the text of the story “Little hero”, which was written during the imprisonment in the Peter and Paul fortress, that is special for a person and writer extreme conditions of stress, and then drawing the material of other works presenting meaningful, chronological and quantitative interest on the use of neologisms and occasionalisms. This fixation of the reader’s attention on the vanishing moment makes it necessary to create a new word or phrase in the event that the main character of the story becomes invisible, small, almost disappearing. Psychologically, this technique can be explained by the revival of the author’s self-consciousness after severe stress. The phenomenon of the “The Little hero” is in the vanishing hero, and therefore in the vanishing author.

Poverty Review in Novel Padang Bulan Karya Andrea Hirata


 
 
 This research describes the poverty problem described in the Padang Bulan novel by Andrea Hinata through the social life of the Belitung Malay community. This research aims to reveal various forms of the social life of the community and deconstruct the discourse hidden behind the social life of the society that the author describes according to the social life of the Belitung Malay community. According to deconstruction theory, power and knowledge relations used in this research to analyze data through the sociological approach of literature. This research uses qualitative methods, especially literature studies that are commonly applied in the study of literary texts. This study found that poverty described by the author towards Belitung Malay society was very clear showing the social reality experienced by most Indonesian people and storing various relations of power and knowledge through various discourses played by the capitalists to benefit without regard to the working class, namely society.
 
 

The Discursive Mechanisms of Nigerianisms and “Trancultured” Identities in Mary Specht’s Migratory Animals

The study of literary texts from the purely formal-sentence linguistics is less helpful because it undermines contextual effects on the use of language in literature. Discourse analysis, unlike formal sentence-level linguistics, is more robust in its analysis of literary texts since it provides insights into how sociocultural and historical factors influence, to a large extent, writers’ use of language. Against this backdrop, we examine Mary Specht’s use of “Nigerianisms” in her novel, Migratory Animals (Migratory), to account for the context-specific ways through which language has been used, and how these articulate transcultural identity. The analysis draws deeply from the theoretical provisions of literary discourse analysis (LDA), a branch of discourse analysis devoted to the analysis of literary texts. From the analysis, three major forms of Nigerianisms which play up specific transcultured identities have been identified: code-switching, semantic shift/extension and Nigerian pidgin (NP) expressions. Code-switching, for example, allows characters in Migratory to switch from one code to another, thereby providing information about their “multiple” selves. By broadening different communicative contexts, semantic extension transforms the characters’ settings, drawing attention to their fragmented identities. Through NP expressions, Specht showcases the different linguistic backgrounds manifest in the English community in the text, which reflects the different the socio-cultural identities in Nigeria. From these, we argue that Specht’s use of “Nigerianisms” in her novel discursively depicts the present reality of existence – people’s “transcultured selves”. Hence, Nigerianisms are exquisite examples of how contextualised uses of language reveal the very polygonal cultural existence of humanity.

Syntactic Deconstruction of Beckett’s Dramatic Text: A Transitivity Analysis of Waiting for Godot

This study examines the dominant elements of Transitivity (Ideational meaning) of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. The analysis of data was conducted by using computational tool, UAM Corpus Tool (UAMTC). The study has found that Beckett’s dramatic text has a considerable amount of Material processes going on in the world of the play but these processes are less directed to a Goal and are even agentless too. The processes are also not spatially and temporally situated. The characters are out of time in Waiting for Godot (Esslin, 1980). The text is a linguistic paradox; lexically simple but structurally complex. The fragmented syntax of the play corresponds with the chaotic existence of man. The meaninglessness of human life has been conveyed through broken language. It is due to these qualities that the play is able to make a mark on the minds of its readers. The present study has explored of the possibility of reconciliation between literary and linguistic approach to the study of literary texts in general and modern drama in particular.

Штрихи к лингвистическому портрету А. М. Пешковского в контексте научной полемики его времени

This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky's scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed. It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance. The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist's views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published). The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Vocabulary Work in the Process of Analyzing Literary Texts (On the Material of the Modern Textbook for a Multiethnic School)

The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions and prospects of developing vocabulary work based on literary texts in a multi-ethnic school.Research Methods: the systematic method, theoretical and content-analysis. In accordance with its objective, the research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of contents and teaching and learning materials concerned with the study of literary texts in modern textbooks aimed at the learners of multi-ethnic schools belonging to different languages and nations.The necessity for a special work with culturological vocabulary in the course of the comprehensive analysis of literary texts in multi-ethnic schools is justified, the role of culturological commentary in the perception of a literary text by learners for whom Russian is not their first language is defined, examples are given.

The Use of GIS to Draw Literary Maps of Compostela. Applications in the Educational Field

For three years now, a research group at the University of Santiago de Compostela has been working on the creation of literary maps of Compostela. 1 In this application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to literature, with the focus on a city of remarkable symbolic relevance, problems emerged, mainly concerning the mappeability of uncertainty and the codification of recurrence and emotions. The point of departure was a very precise group of texts belonging to the subgenre of the ‘estudiantina’ that depict the life of Santiago University students at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. In this paper, we intend to present the results, showing the achievements, the limits and the new challenges that emerged. Literary cartographies have proved useful for the study of symbolic production and for tourism. Less attention has been paid to its applicability to education, and yet, the tools used so far for creating literary cartographies can be applied to the study of literary texts produced by students, so that the resulting maps and graphics cast important information for the analysis of how students understand and deal with places, how they relate to the cities they live in and, thereby, reveal the constitution of their mental maps. In this paper, we will compare literary maps of Santiago obtained on the one hand from the database created with the ‘Estudiantina’ and, on the other, from the database of 40 texts written by current students. Taking the maps as a point of departure, we will reflect on the historical changes in the imaginary of the city and the way it is perceived, inhabited and lived by current students.

Linguistic choices and transcultural identity construction in Mary Specht’s Migratory animals

The study of literary texts within their contexts of production has been the primary concern of literary discourse analysts. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the confl uence between Mary Helen Specht’s use of language in her novel, Migratory animals, and the articulation of transcultural identity. The preference for Migratory animals over other novels is motivated by the fact that the novel provides evidence of how people live in transculturalism. The analysis is anchored on literary discourse analysis, an aspect of discourse analysis that deals with the social context that backgrounds the production of literary texts. The paper reveals that though an American, Specht deploys Nigerian expressions, loanwords from Nigerian languages and Nigerian Pidgin expressions to situate her novel in the context of transculturalism. Also, the analysis suggests that the way people use language in socio-discursive situations can enrich our understanding of the identities they create either for themselves or for others.

O lugar da Literatura dos currículos: o caso dos exames de Língua Portuguesa do sistema educativo inglês

O sistema de habilitações inglês disponibiliza uma variedade de exames de línguas estrangeiras (LE). Estas são estudadas sobretudo enquanto línguas de herança mas estão sujeitas às pressões que se fazem sentir sobre as disciplinas mais populares (francês, alemão e espanhol). Em consonância com a política geral da comissão de avaliação OCR para as LE, a reforma dos exames de português Advanced Level eliminou a lista de obras literárias que até 2009 fizera parte dos programas de estudos. A análise dos documentos orientadores e dos exames indicia que a leitura literária era tida como instrumento do estudo avançado de LE e do treino da capacidade de raciocínio, sobretudo em relação à escrita. Apesar do capital de prestígio que detém enquanto forma de aprendizagem avançada, a leitura orientada do texto literário poderá não alinhar com uma política educativa de popularização do estudo de línguas, de padronização de resultados e de instrumentalização económica.

Theories of language and style in grammar textbooks and teaching practice of middle ages and modern age: learning foreign languages in Russia and Western Europe (two methods of mastering literary languages)

In the article, the author discusses the issues of linguistic education and the way it was implemented in particular European countries in the Middle Ages and in the early Modern Age. The author has identified, at least, two educational paradigms, developed in the West and East of the continent in different periods of history of the European culture. Paradigm One deals with the Latin tradition of language learning, which is based on the breakdown of educational disciplines into “seven liberal arts” headed by grammar. Paradigm Two is based on the study of literary texts. The objective of this research project consists in the reconciliation and analysis of interrelation between the two paradigms. The loss of several grammatical forms by the literary Slavic language caused this language to turn into the literary Russian language of the Modern Age. In his research, the author employs methods of the retrospective analysis of primary sources, comparative linguistics, general research methods of deduction, induction, and inference by analogy.

Experts and Novices Reading Literature: An Analysis of Disciplinary Literacy in English Language Arts

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this pilot study is to examine how experts and novices in the study of literary texts read those texts, and to make suggestions for an English Language Arts (ELA) disciplinary literacy based on those findings. A small sample of experts and novices, four professors of literature and four college freshmen, participated in read-alouds of two texts. Their comments were transcribed and analyzed. This article provides a broad theory to justify the study of disciplinary literacy, as well as an explanation of the findings from this expert–novice study, especially regarding the major differences between how the experts and novices read. Specifically, three guiding traits of ELA disciplinary literacy were found and discussed: interpretive purpose-driven reading, recursive and constant hypothesizing, and literary dialoging.

The Virgin’s miracles in literary discourse of Dymytriy Tuptalo and Ioan Maksymovych

Relevance of the topic is to explore ways to preserve confessional identity in the texts of the ecclesiastical figures of the XVII-th century. This is important not only for investigation of Baroque culture, but also for understanding the contemporary church politics.The purpose of this work to study the function of sacred images in the literary discourse of the second half of the XVII- th century.In this article this icon is considered as a literary image in the books «Runo oroshennoye» of Dymytriy Tuptalo and «Bohorodytse Divo» of Ioann Maksymovych. The miracle- stories are analyzed as narrative texts, in which the miracles are the main events. In these books any trip to the icon associated with the theme of changing the physical state of a person following the confession, prayer, sincere repentance and the sacrament, that are a purely religious forms of communication with God. Dymytriy Tuptalo wrote his stories by narrative prose, Joann Maksymovyc wrote his teksts by verses, but the plots of these texts were very similar. These texts have standard building, called the hero of the story, which came to the monastery; at the margin or in the text the event calendar indicates (usually a year, month, day or holidays of the church calendar). Each of the authors puts in its own semantic accents.Virgin transmits and directs its power through the Icon for people who need her help. So the image of Virgin is studied across its functions (Helper, Protector, Presenter and others). Also the author came to the conclusion that icon of the Virgin from the monastery of st Illya serves as a means of sacralization of Chernigiv as a spiritual center. This icon performs the functions of preservation of Orthodox identity and protection from real enemies.Further study of literary texts, features of Ukrainian Marian icons will make it possible to determine the circle of shrines and their role in the early modern Ukraine.

Relations between Man and the Environment through the Analysis of the Symbolism of the Herbs and Trees in Caribbean Literature

The question of representations of the forest world, trees and plants in the Caribbean literature is important in the understanding of the relationship between man and nature. This work deals with the study of literary texts which highlight this human-nature interaction serving as the writer’s base to establish the legitimacy of the literary discourse. It anchors this dialogue in reality and knowledge of the world which translates the relationship between man and his environment. The data recorded during this study allow us to develop this continuum between literature, the world perception in the oral tradition and biotope observation by the endogenous populations. The writer renders the syncretic dimension that serves as the basis of literary aesthetics through writing and the popular imagination.

Postmodern Paraphrase of the Genre Tradition: Worldview Contest and Poetics

The article describes the causes, the essence, and significance than the previous artistic experience postmodern attitude to tradition, in particular, the genre one. The reference of the postmodern games with archaic mythological ritual reveals their ideological “dissimilar similarity”, its participation in the historical “memory of the genre”, defines the value of allusions as the main figure of postmodern mnemonic practice provides an analytical overview of the genre tradition Horatian “Exegimonumentum” in Russian poetry “Monument” XVIII-XXI centuries. Their typological description reveals three trends in the history of the mnemonic paraphrase of the case text. The first is to follow the tradition of the prestigious Horatian“Monument” in the genre forms of imitation and transposition, the second—in a polemical rejection of him and follow classical models “Monument”, is carried out mainly with the help of an antithesis, the third—in the game re-creation this tradition with such stylistic figures as abbreviation (“Monument”—distich by M. Gendelev), travesty (dramatic poem by L. Sukhotin“Literary Monuments”), and burlesque irony (“Monument. You see, I erected for myself in a moment...” by V. Demykin). The article presents a detailed analysis of the “Monument” by M. Gendelev and “Literary monuments” by M. Sukhotin. The study of literary texts presented the following conclusions. Classical “Monuments” are characteristic of the author’s adaptation of the modality of tradition in post-classical, on the contrary, the tradition is refracted in the personal mode of the author’s consciousness. The third trend—postmodern—ironic characterized by eversion canonical “monument” inside that has the effect of stylistic alienation and estrangement from mnemonic tradition of the genre, “monument” for the formation of her memory, without which it is impossible other existence in the modern history of the poetic consciousness. This is the responsibility of the designated paraphrase of postmodern genre tradition. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p402

LITERARY TEXT AS A SOURCE FOR UNDERSTANDING CONFLICTS IN CONTEMPORARY REALITY (POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM)

Political violence in the modern world is developing in many ways and in forms that are more radical than ever before. In the second half of the last century, and the start of this current one, the ethno-social conflicts (terrorism being the most extreme) have been one of the most pressing global issues of our time.Various aspects of ethno-social conflict, with terrorism as an extreme form of political violence, are now the subject of artistic interpretation for contemporary authors. The study of literary text for understanding conflicts in the contemporary reality is significant, since writers consider certain factual material in their works. These writers strive to emphasize and describe personal and social layers of ethno-social conflicts, to reveal their peculiarities and consequences.This study compiles a theoretical framework for the study of literary text as a source for understanding the conflicts of contemporary reality. It uses a complex approach that provides a profound analysis of causes and effects, and the nature and content of political and ethno-social conflicts, including the principles of political studies and comparative literature.The authors of this present study conclude that the great concern of the world’s writers about ethno-social issues and conflicts is the inter-ethnic and inter-cultural contradictions that closely connect to the crisis of multiculturalism in the USA and Western Europe. Contemporary writers focus on themes, like the islamization of Europe, inter-confessional conflicts, total changes in inter-ethnic relations, fragmentation of the single universal cultural space, and social and cultural transformation leading to conflicts. Examples include Andrei Volos’ Maskavskaya Mecca, and Elena Chudinova’s The Mosque of Notre Dame. Some authors ponder over the terrorism as an extremist reaction to social injustice or inner personal, cultural, and religious contradictions, as seen in John Updike’s Terrorist and Don DeLillo’s Falling Man.

Христианские ценности в ранней прозе В. К. Кюхельбекера

This article examines Vilhelm Kyukhelbekker's narrative prose of the first half of the 1820s. For the analysis we have chosen the most significant works of this period — his book of travel notes The Journey and the novel Ado. The study reveals the writer's attitude to Christianity and Christian values in his early period of work. In this research the axiological approach is used, as well as the methods of historical, typological, structural and semiotic study of literary texts. Studying The Journey, we performed a detailed analysis of the author's letters which describe the paintings by the artists of Flemish and Dutch schools, as well as German and Italian painters of the 17th and 18th centuries exhibited in the Dresden gallery. The writer prefers the paintings of biblical subjects to those of naturalistic everyday scenes. He pays special attention to the evangelical themes. He is attracted by Christ the child's divine nature and the heavenly purity, high humility of the Mother of God's image, and the fact that St. Sebastian is portrayed as joyfully suffering for Christ. Historical events of the novel Ado date back to the time of the Baltic peoples' forced Christianization by the Order of the Brothers of the Sword. Baltic peoples are trying to keep the faith of their ancestors and rebel against the cruel governor of the Order. The novel focuses particularly on one knight, Michael, who stood up for the oppressed and like Archangel Michael found himself on the cutting edge of Good and Evil. This character of the novel is connected with the idea of Christian sacrificial love and eternal spiritual life, which was very important for Kyukhelbekker. We concluded that even in his early prose Kyukhelbekker expressed the main spiritual and moral values of Christianity.

“There is Nothing More…Than Dressing and Eating”: Li Zhi 李贄 and the Child-like Heart-Mind (Tongxin 童心)

This article examines the writings of the controversial 16th century thinker Li Zhi 李贄, also named (hao 號) Zhuowu 卓吾 (1527–1602), and argues that he articulates a coherent and compelling vision of a good life focused on the expression of genuine feelings distinctive to each individual. Through a study of literary texts and terms of art he refers to in his critical essay “On the Child-like Heart-mind” (Tongxin Shuo 童心說), as well as the metaphors and images he fleshes out throughout his writings, I characterize Li’s ethical vision and show that it is rooted in a particular loose and accommodating conception of human nature and centered on the simple and intuitive act of daily maintaining the birthright of our “child-like heart-mind.”

The Study of Literary Texts at the Nexus of Multiple Histories in the Intermediate College-Level German Classroom

This article addresses the teaching of complex representations of history through the study of literary texts in the college-level intermediate German class, employing the categories and tenets of Scollon and Scollon's (2004) nexus analysis (see also Scollon, 2001). Nexus analysis is a model for understanding the meeting point of social actions and multiple discourses, each with its own historical body, interaction order, and discourses in place. These discourses and social actions can include the narrated action of the text, the author's writing of the text, the reception of the text, and of course, the student's reading and study of the text. Important for pedagogical design, nexus analysis includes consideration of the analyst's—in this case the L2 student's—own discourses and social actions. The curricular proposals based on two literary works by German-Jewish authors within a conventional intermediate-level German language course provide the framework for curriculum and teaching that allows learners at this level to engage with multiple, intersecting and overlapping historical, literary, and cultural issues and questions. It further involves consideration of multiple levels of analysis and multiple timescales in order to raise learners' critical historical consciousness.

Doubly Real: Game Studies and Literary Anthropology; or, Why We Play Games

Few game studies scholars will regret that the infelicitous ludology vs. narratology debate has been left behind. However, one misconception concerning the nature of literary theory continues to haunt game studies. If Gonzalo Frasca (correctly) observes that "Ludologists Love Stories, Too" (2003), I wish to point out that his conciliatory gesture seriously threatens to distort the concerns of literary theorists in ways that make their reflections on human sense-making indeed seem of very limited use to game studies scholars. If we truly want to know in what respects game studies can profit from literary theory without jeoparidizing the strategies of distinction a still emergent field such as game studies needs to position itself vis-à-vis dominant theoretical paradigms--and which Espen J. Aarseth calls for in his editorial to the first issue of Game Studies (2001)--we need to be aware of two things. First, narratologists make up only a fraction of the literary-theoretical community. And the narratologists most often cited by game studies scholars usually practice a structuralist version of narratology that has come under sustained critical scrutiny since the late 1960s. Second, not all literary scholars are concerned with narrative. Of course, they often study narrative texts such as novels and short stories, but they also study plays, poems, and other non-narrative texts. More importantly, even when they do study narrative texts, literary scholars--be they narratologists or not--are not always interested in the forms and functions of stories.This essay argues that game studies can profit from reflections on issues other than narrative by a literary theorist whose work has been unduly reduced to those concerns. In Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature (1997), Aarseth refers to the work of Wolfgang Iser as one influential model of literary communication that does not help explain the specific forms and functions of nonlinear, multicursal computer games. More specifically, Aarseth argues that Iser's notion of Leerstellen (blanks) cannot account for the kinds of openings cybertexts offer their users. Yet the later work of Iser is a much more promising avenue of exploration for ludologists. Iser's The Fictive and the Imaginary: Charting Literary Anthropology (1993) develops what is arguably the most sustained theory of fictionality available today. While honed in the study of literary texts, Iser's theory can tell us much about the cultural work of fiction in a variety of media without leveling the distinctions between different cultural practices. As such, Iser's later work does not provide yet another framework for reading games as stories but challenges games studies scholars to rethink some of their central concepts, in particular 'play,' 'simulation,' and 'immersion.' Moreover, it invites us to ask whether the rhetoric of distinction that much game studies scholarship still employs to stake out its claims has outlived its usefulness, serving less as an effective defense mechanism than as an obstacle to cross-disciplinary fertilization.

Expanding clinical empathy: an activist perspective.

Discussions of empathy in health care offer important ways of enabling communication and interpersonal connection that are therapeutic for the patient and satisfying for the physician. While the best of these discussions offer valuable insights into the patient-physician relationship, many of them lack an action component for alleviating the patient's suffering and emphasize the physician's experience of empathy rather than the patient's experience of illness. By examining educational methods, such as reflective writing exercises and the study of literary texts, and by analyzing theoretical approaches to empathy and suggestions for clinical practice, this article considers how to mindfully keep the focus on what the patient is going through. Clinical empathy can be improved by strategies that address (1) the patient's authority in providing first-person accounts of illness and disability, (2) expanding the concept of empathy to include an action component geared toward relieving patients' suffering, and (3) the potential value of extending empathy to include the social context of illness.