Interview Study Research Articles

What Can Interactive Visualization do for Participatory Budgeting in Chicago?

Participatory budgeting (PB) is a democratic approach to allocating municipal spending that has been adopted in many places in recent years, including in Chicago. Current PB voting resembles a ballot where residents are asked which municipal projects, such as school improvements and road repairs, to fund with a limited budget. In this work, we ask how interactive visualization can benefit PB by conducting a design probe-based interview study (N = 13) with policy workers and academics with expertise in PB, urban planning, and civic HCI. Our probe explores how graphical elicitation of voter preferences and a dashboard of voting statistics can be incorporated into a realistic PB tool. Through qualitative analysis, we find that visualization creates opportunities for city government to set expectations about budget constraints while also granting their constituents greater freedom to articulate a wider range of preferences. However, using visualization to provide transparency about PB requires efforts to mitigate potential access barriers and mistrust. We call for more visualization professionals to help build civic capacity by working in and studying political systems.

Parental experience of change following VIPP-SD in families with preschool children with externalizing behavior: A qualitative interview study.

Insensitive parenting and ineffective disciplinary strategies are known risk factors for child externalizing behavior. The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) has documented effect in promoting sensitive parenting, but little is known on how VIPP-SD is experienced by parents. This study explores how parents of preschool children with externalizing behaviors experience change following VIPP-SD delivered by trained childcare providers. Individual qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 mothers and 2 fathers to explore the parents' experiences of change following the intervention. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were generated: 1) "All of her behavior is actually just a result of how she feels, right?"-Enhanced parental understanding, 2) Meeting the child's needs in comfort and in play, 3) Learning to prevent and manage conflicts is essential-diverse experiences of gains and progress, 4) "I'm actually not a bad parent"-new positive perspectives. Parents experienced an enhanced capacity to understand their child and positive development in their parenting behavior, skills and confidence as well as improvements in the parent-child relationship after receiving VIPP-SD. Findings also suggest potential areas for adaptation of VIPP-SD when intervening in families with a child exhibiting externalizing behaviors, as parental experiences of gains related to conflict management varied. Further research on this matter is recommended.

Disease Burden in Patients with X-linked Hypophosphatemia in Korea: A Survey with Interview Study

Disease Burden in Patients with X-linked Hypophosphatemia in Korea: A Survey with Interview Study

INFORMATIVE, DULL, INCOMPREHENSIBLE: SEEKING A COMMON VOCABULARY AROUND DATA IN LATER LIFE

Abstract With the domestication of digital devices into the everyday, this paper offers critical reflections from two, related studies that both sought to explore how older Canadians communicate their experiences and understandings about the digital technologies and related data they encounter and use. The first study, a virtual, qualitative survey with 70 older Canadians highlighted their understandings of data, and the second, a pilot interview study with 7 older adults in their homes explored how and where data circulates in their everyday lives. Not only do our daily activities and routines rely on data, our routines are often, in turn, converted into data through our many devices (Burgess et al., 2022). Living with data, however, is an experience that differs from person to person and from group to group. Given these differences, how might we communicate about data with different groups? In both studies, we sought to explore and document participants’ own diction, images, metaphors, and concepts they articulate when thinking with and about their own data; giving them a space to speak and share “their own data stories louder than those that are being told about them by others” or by other devices (Thorp, 2021, p. 19). In this paper, we offer our observations on the challenges and difficulties (and potential ways forward) in finding a common vocabulary in research relationships between participants and researchers to speak about data and to the many ways that data circulate in and around older adults’ everyday lives.

The experiences of students with mental health difficulties at medical school: a qualitative interview study

ABSTRACT Background High rates of burnout, anxiety, and depression in medical students are widespread, yet we have limited knowledge of the medical school experiences of students with mental health issues. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of mental health issues on students’ experience and training at medical school by adopting a qualitative approach. Methods Qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 students with mental health issues from eight UK medical schools of varying size and location. Students were purposefully sampled to gain variety in the type of mental health issue experienced and demographic characteristics. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed using NVivo software. Results Three themes were identified. 1) Culture of medicine: medical culture contributed to causing mental ill-health through study demands, competitiveness with peers, a ‘suck it up’ mentality where the expectation is that medical school is tough and medical students must push through, and stigma towards mental ill-health. 2) Help-seeking: students feared others discovering their difficulties and thus initially tried to cope alone, hiding symptoms until they were severe. There were multiple barriers to help-seeking including stigma and fear of damage to their career. 3) Impact on academic life: mental health issues had a detrimental impact on academic commitments, with students’ unable to keep up with their studies and some needing to take time out from medical school. Conclusion This study provides insight into how medical culture contributes both to the cause of mental health difficulties and the reluctance of medical students to seek help. Mental health issues had a considerable negative impact on medical students’ ability to learn and progress through their degree. Addressing the medical culture factors that contribute to the cause of mental health issues and the barriers to help-seeking must be a priority to ensure a healthier medical workforce.

Improving Social Media-Based Support Groups for the Rare Disease Community: Interview Study With Patients and Parents of Children with Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases.

The rarity that is inherent in rare disease (RD) often means that patients and parents of children with RDs feel uniquely isolated and therefore are unprepared or unsupported in their care. To overcome this isolation, many within the RD community turn to the internet, and social media groups in particular, to gather useful information about their RDs. While previous research has shown that social media support groups are helpful for those affected by RDs, it is unclear what these groups are particularly useful or helpful for patients and parents of children with RDs. This study aimed to identify what specific features of disease-related support groups (DRSGs) the RD community finds particularly useful or supportive and provide a set of recommendations to improve social media-based RD support groups based on this information. Semistructured qualitative interviews were performed with patients and parents of patients with RDs. Interview participants had to be at least 18 years of age at the time of the interview, be seen by a genetics specialist at a partner health care institution and be proficient in the English language. Social media use was not a prerequisite for participation, so interview participants ranged from extensive users of social media to those who chose to remain off all social media. All interviews were conducted by phone, recorded, and then transcribed. Interview transcripts were then coded using the 6 steps outlined by Braun and Clarke. Three researchers (TAD, SLV, and CMEH) performed initial coding. After this, the study team conducted a review of themes and all members of the team agreed upon a final analysis and presentation of data. We conducted 31 interviews (mean age 40, SD 10.04 years; n=27, 87% were women; n=30, 97% were non-Hispanic White). Thematic analysis revealed that social media DRSG users identified the informational usefulness of these groups as being related to the gathering and sharing of specific information about an RD, clarification about the importance and meaning of certain symptoms, and obtaining insight into an RD's progression and prognosis. Participants also identified that DRSGs were useful sources of practical information, such as tips and tricks about managing RD-related issues and concerns. In addition, participants found DRSGs to be a useful space for sharing their disease-related stories but also highlighted a feeling of exhaustion from overexposure and overuse of DRSGs. This study identifies the usefulness of DRSGs for the RD community and provides a set of recommendations to improve future instances of DRSGs. These recommendations can be used to create DRSGs that are less prone to splintering into other DRSGs, thus minimizing the risk of having important RD-related information unhelpfully dispersed amongst a multitude of support groups.

Digital Media at the Out-of-school Learning Place - A Qualitative Interview Study with Prospective Science Teachers

Children and young people grow up with a wide range of media, which they are expected to use in different settings. One possibility is the use of digital media in out-of-school learning places, which is currently being expanded. However, there has been little research into the combination of the two fields to date. This study was designed to address this research gap. The study focuses on the opinions and attitudes of prospective primary school teachers on this combination. This is of great importance as, due to current developments, prospective teachers could often find themselves in the situation of being able or having to combine the two fields. 20 prospective teachers (M =23 years, SD = 2.6) took part in the interview study. All prospective teachers have a positive attitude toward digital media. However, most of them are very critical of their use in out-of-school learning places. However, they can name some possible applications and advantages. On the other hand, there are hurdles such as technical problems or their missing skills.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF INTERVIEW IN THE MODERN MEDIA ENVIRONMENT

The interview genre is widespread in modern Russian media, which is also due to its ability to deeply reveal a particular topic. To create original journalistic texts in this genre, it is necessary to understand the principles and features of working with interviews - their identification and structuring became the main goal of this work. The material for the study was interviews in the publications “OK!”, VOICE and “RIA Novosti”. The work is based on the theoretical works of such authors as A. A. Tertychny, M. N. Kim, M. M. Lukina, A. E. Yeritsyan. In the course of the study, the design and content features characteristic of interviews were systematized, and an algorithm for preparing an interview was compiled based on the data obtained. It was concluded that most text interviews are characterized by the structure of the “inverted pyramid”, which provides for the presentation of the topic in order from the general to the specific, the presence of visual elements and various expressions of the author’s position.

College students' credibility assessments of GenAI‐generated information for academic tasks: An interview study

AbstractThe study explored college students' use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, for academic tasks and their perceptions and behaviors in assessing the credibility of GenAI‐generated information. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 college students in the United States. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The study identified various types of academic tasks for which students used ChatGPT, including writing, programming, and learning. Guided by two models of credibility assessment Hilligoss and Rieh (2008); Metzger (2007), six factors influencing students' motivation and ability to assess the credibility of GenAI‐generated information were identified (e.g., task salience, social pressure). We also identified 9 constructs (e.g., refinedness, explainability), 5 heuristics (e.g., inter‐ and intrasystem consistency heuristics), and 10 cues (e.g., version and tone) used by students to assess the credibility of GenAI‐generated information. This study provides theoretical and empirical findings regarding students' use of GenAI tools in the academic context and credibility evaluation of the system outputs using rich, qualitative interview data.

Patient Experiences and Prerequisites of Collaboration as Partners in Person-Centred Care: An Interview Study.

To explore what characterises communication and collaboration within a patient and professional partnership in outpatient care settings garnered from the experiences of persons living with long-term conditions. A qualitative descriptive study design. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 15 persons with long-term condition/s who experienced outpatient treatment or follow-up care. Data were explored through inductive thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist was followed. The analysis revealed five themes: adapting and self-managing in daily life, handling and carrying information, building trust and continuity, acting in a flexible and transparent dialogue and sharing the way forward. The participants described their personal and informal resources, and their actions to take control and manage health and well-being. A person-centred approach, sharing of knowledge and communication skills enabled the development of trust in the healthcare providers and their treatment and care. Communication was facilitated through availability, shared documentation, continuity and coordination of care. Collaboration was described as a flexible dialogue with mutual trust and transparency, shared learning and problem-solving. Sharing the way forward was a process, alongside and important to the life-changing process to cope with the illness. Prerequisites for the collaboration in outpatient settings were availability, continuity and a healthcare system that acknowledged, empowered and adapted to patients' health status, resources, everyday life and a patient's coping processes to manage their disease. For a co-created, person-centred outpatient care, it is important to acknowledge and/or collaborate with the patient's team of other healthcare providers and informal caregivers. The study contributes to better understanding of patient preferences and prerequisites how to work in partnership and how to develop future services and person-centred care for persons living with long-term conditions. Patients included in this study were participants during the data collection process.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION PROGRAMME IN LIEPAJA

Since Latvia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), children's rights have been recognised as a priority and all decisions taken by the state and local authorities must be in the best interests of the child. In order to meet the requirements of Article 66 (1) of the Act on Protection of Children's Rights (1998), i.e. that the municipality shall analyse the situation in the field of respect for children's rights, develop and implement a programme for the protection of children's rights in the administrative territory of the district or republican city, it is necessary to carefully design the programme for the protection of children's rights in order to best meet the needs of children in the city of Liepaja. The study analyses the normative framework at the international and national levels, as well as conducts practical research to identify the most relevant social services for improving the protection of children's rights in Liepaja. The research methods used were document and literature analysis, focus group, expert interview and best practice case study.

Lived experiences of parents with deafblindness – not ‘a walk in the park’

Purpose To describe how parents with deafblindness experience parenting and family life. Materials and methods This a qualitative interview study. Fourteen parents with deafblindness were interviewed. Most were mothers (n = 10), with ages ranging between 33 and 57 years (mean 46 years). Interviews were transcribed, and the analysis was done using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results The analysis resulted in the overarching theme, ‘Living family life as a parent with deafblindness is not a walk in the park, but it is rewarding’, and three subthemes, ‘Being a competent parent despite having deafblindness’, ‘Needing support to fulfil my parental obligations’ and ‘Parenting is a struggle due to my deafblindness’. The results encompass many experiences and feelings and illustrate the complex reality of these parents in their parental role and family life. Conclusion The parents expressed their joy in being parents, but these feelings were intertwined with negative aspects of being unable to take on the desired responsibility or not receiving the necessary support. When requested, tailored support should be offered from social services, health care and rehabilitation services in order for parents with deafblindness to take on the parental responsibility they want and to be able to actively participate in family life.

Response to letter regarding “Experiences of young adults affected by cancer within an 8-week yoga intervention delivered by videoconference: a qualitative interview study”

Response to letter regarding “Experiences of young adults affected by cancer within an 8-week yoga intervention delivered by videoconference: a qualitative interview study”

Exploring digital health: a qualitative study on adults’ experiences with health apps and wearables

ABSTRACT Purpose From an active ageing perspective, investigating how adults use apps and wearables for health purposes might improve well-being strategies supported by widely adopted technologies. This study investigated adults’ perceptions of using apps and wearables for health purposes. Methods A qualitative interview study was conducted. Adults (+18) using an app/wearable to monitor at least one health variable (e.g. physical activity and diet) were eligible. Transcriptions were analysed using the Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results Nineteen participants (34.3 ± 14.5 years; men/women: 8/11) joined the study and from their transcriptions 5 themes were created: 1) Easy and accurate monitoring of health: balancing users’ needs and technological challenges; 2) Self-improvement and motivation: usefulness of rewarding behaviours and gamification towards achievements; 3) Requiring personalized apps and wearables: aesthetics and wearability; 4) Beyond simple monitoring: prevention and care throughout daily life; 5) Awareness of potentially dangerous digital data world: from distress to fixation. Conclusions Apps and wearables were highly valued by our participants for effectively managing and enhancing their health and sports performance while ensuring education, motivation, ease of use, safety, and prevention. However, issues such as privacy concerns, wearability, and lack of integration need to be addressed to improve adoption, enhance usability and support active ageing initiatives.

Teachers' perspectives on including children with disabilities in virtual motor play activities during online learning

AbstractStructured motor play is crucial to the motor and social development of children with disabilities. However, many teachers report that including children with disabilities in motor play is challenging, especially during virtual learning. The purpose of this interview study was to explore 26 preschool teachers' perspectives on engaging children with disabilities in motor play in virtual environments and the strategies they used to involve students. Teachers believed that including children with disabilities in virtual motor play activities is important for their physical development, sense of belonging, and exploration of potential. Teachers also indicated that understanding the motor abilities and interests of children with disabilities and making adaptations to support each child during virtual motor play is important. Additionally, seeing therapists as resources for motor play ideas and sharing resources with parents were strategies suggested by participants to facilitate the engagement of children with disabilities in motor play during virtual learning. Findings suggest that an interdisciplinary approach to teaching motor play is crucial for children with disabilities regardless of the service delivery model.

User and staff experiences of a revised process for coordinating support with shared decision making in the comorbidity field of practice: a qualitative interview study

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to explore user and staff experiences of a revised process for coordinated individual planning (CIP) that involves the user alongside staff from social services and healthcare and incorporates shared decision-making (SDM). Method Eight staff members and five users participated in individual semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Users and staff experienced that the revised CIP process facilitates emotional security through predictability. This predictability is attributed to the predetermined structure in the CIP process and the user involvement enabled through preparations, as well as the mutual trust that arises from following through on expectations and commitments. Furthermore, the importance of partnerships was highlighted. This refers to the intention of respecting users as contributors, the joint understanding achieved between staff and users, and the continuity of care ensured through staff collaboration. Conclusion The findings show that incorporating SDM through the CIP process can enhance structure, user involvement, and a sense of emotional security through the process.

Living with pain and Parkinson’s developing an understanding of the impact, trajectory and pain management needs: a qualitative interview study protocol

IntroductionPain is reported as one of the most troubling symptoms for people with Parkinson’s (PwP); however, the literature exploring their lived experience of pain and how to manage it is...

Excellent Nursing Leadership Towards Magnet Culture Among Nurse Leaders: An Interview Study.

This study describes nurse leaders' experiences of nursing leadership in Finland towards Magnet hospital culture. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data from nurse leaders (n = 9) were collected in face-to-face or online interviews in June and August 2023 in Finland and analysed using an inductive content analysis approach. Excellent nursing leadership consists of possibilities for impact, the determination of responsibilities, strong leadership in the organisation, interpersonal leadership, the empowerment of nurses' excellence and nursing leadership development. In addition, excellent nursing leadership creates the basis for development structures and nurses' participation in a Magnet culture framework. Excellent nursing leadership requires ability and opportunities for impact, clear responsibilities and strong interpersonal competencies so that nurses are empowered to strive for excellence. Strong nursing leadership is needed to enable functioning structures that produce efficient processes that can be used to maintain and develop the quality of nursing work in the direction of Magnet culture. Nurse leaders' status and power must be recognised and legislated as equally as those of other professional leaders in social and health care. This study addresses nurse leaders' remarkable role in nursing development towards Magnet hospital culture. At the same time, it discusses their uncertain position in the decision-making process of the organisation. COREQ guidelines were used in reporting. None.

Women's Experience of the Consent Process to Planned Caesarean Section and Its Surgical Risk: A Qualitative Study.

To explore how women appreciated the risks discussed within the consent process for planned caesarean section (CS). Exploratory qualitative interview study. NHS Teaching Hospital in Central London. Women over the age of 18, English speaking, scheduled for a planned CS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after a woman's CS. Eighteen women were recruited and interviewed prior to undergoing CS and 12 of these were interviewed following CS. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Themes generated from analysis of interviews exploring the experiences of women consenting to CS and specifically their awareness of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), hysterectomy, organ damage and risk of placental abnormalities in future pregnancies. Two broad themes and four subthemes were identified (1) Untimely provision of risk information: (a) superficial risk discussions during the antenatal period and full risk disclosure on the day of surgery and (b) incompleteness absent or sparse risk disclosure prior to making the decision to undergo the CS, where women were unaware of specific risks and (2) Emotional overload: (a) fear of risks and (b) fear that a CS will be denied to them-women's cognitive response and notably their emotional response to their situation limited their understanding of risks disclosed. The consent process for planned CS was found to lack appropriate and full risk disclosure. Risk disclosure was ill-timed or deficient in facilitating women's understanding of risks reflecting a consent process which does not meet legal and professional standards of informed consent.

Engagement in the teleworking context: challenges and leadership performance

PurposeCommunity college institutions (ICES) experienced a transition movement during the pandemic, with the expansion of teleworking in the area of education. In addition, administrative areas also changed into this work format. This strategy was innovative in these organizations, and engaging the employees who have remained in this modality is a challenge. The objective of the study is to analyze challenges and actions of ICES administrative managers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil to engage their teams into teleworking.Design/methodology/approachThe research is descriptive, with a qualitative approach and it was conducted through interview studies. The units of analysis were eight managers from technical administrative areas of six ICES. The interviews and data analysis took place based on pre-defined categories, based on theory.FindingsActions were identified to promote employee engagement in teleworking, with welcoming and outreaching activities. Communication has become a fundamental element for emotional management to take place, and the effective rapport of the leader, in the virtual space, is essential in the process.Originality/valueOriginality of the study lies in the fact that, for these organizations, remote work in the administrative area is an innovation in processes. Reflecting on the performance of leaders in teleworking can be useful for outlining team management strategies and even expanding the theory on leadership, which is relevant in contemporary organizational studies. Studying team engagement is a theoretical gap, especially in the context of teleworking.