Heritage Studies Research Articles

Torah as the Basis of Modern Ideas about the Judiciary: Introduction to the Topic

The diversity of relationships between people determines the multiplicity of types of social norms that regulate interactions in human society. Various systems of social regulation – such as customs, morality, religion, law – throughout the history of mankind are also in constant mutual influence. Their relative importance is fluid, social norms have a constant impact on each other, often experiencing transformations from one type to another. In light of this, the influence of religious institutions on the formation of secular law and the secular system of public, including judicial, power deserves serious study. The Torah, the main holy book of the Jewish people, the basis of Judaism (the oldest and most enduring monotheistic religion in history), which had a significant influence on the formation of Christianity and Islam, is the source of many well-known and established legal ideas. In particular, the Torah contains many provisions concerning the values of justice, the principles of organization and the exercise of judicial power. In fact, all the fundamental principles of justice that have become widespread in the modern world – the institutional organization of the judicial system, the staged nature of legal proceedings, the principles of fair justice, accessibility of court, impartiality of judges and many others – are enshrined in the Torah (and detailed in other sacred Jewish texts) as Divine commandments obligatory for people to fulfill. The article concludes that the study of the Jewish religious heritage can strengthen the significance of the values and principles of justice as the fundamental basis for the existence and functioning of human society.

Investigating Role of Intangible Cultural Heritage in constructing the phenomenon of Narmada River Parikrama

The traces of earliest human settlements are found on the bank of rivers which are one the natural forms of drinking water which are considered as a lifeline of the settlements. Since ancient time, Indian Culture assigned motherly values to rivers because of their significance in respective regional settings. Through-out the Indian Subcontinent, traditions and rituals evolved from ages around the rivers have shaped up some commonly followed cultural aspects along with some specific rituals to the rivers. Circumambulation of River Narmada, Shri Krishna Poojan on Yamuna River Banks at Vrindavan are examples of some of these specific cultural aspects. Out of the most sacred seven rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Godawari, Saraswati, Narmada, Sindhu, and Kaweri); River Narmada has special cultural significance with its strategic geographical location dividing Indian subcontinent in Northern and Southern parts. This research is aimed to investigate the role of intangible Heritage in constructing the phenomenon of Narmada River Parikrama based on the parameters like historical importance, poetic references, mentions in Puraans, folk culture, religious importance, TapoBhumi Narmada (रेवा तीरे तप: कुर्यात!) with the very unique cultural aspect of Parikrama (Circumambulation) of a river as a deity. Parameters to understand cultural footprints were delineated to these aspects with the focus of completing one stage of research in stipulated time schedule. The religious aspect includes Tirthsthana (Sacredscapes) on the Parikrama Path on North and South banks, rituals, and activities followed by the devotees, and the connectivity of Lord Shiva with River Narmada. A famous verse says नर्मदा का हर कंकर है शंकर! (Means, each gravel of River Narmada depicts Lord Shiva.) Hence the religious thread in cultural heritage studies is very strong and needs to be established with the Parikrama perspective. The analytical methodology for conducting research included study of various literature references about River Narmada written by historians, poets, Saints, and ancient scriptures like Puraan, Mahatmya etc. available in the form of books, doctoral research thesis, research papers and scholarly articles. These literature sources refer River Narmada focusing on various perspectives. They are critically analysed and inferences regarding role of intangible cultural footprints around Narmada River banks in forming the Phenomenon of Parikrama are summarized in this paper. Next stage of the research or a way-forwards of this research study can be continued further to establish manifestation of Parikrama Concept in the tangible cultural heritage with respect to spatial planning and built forms.

Кримські татари в історичній та культурній спадщині України XV–XVII ст.

The article aims to study the history of the Crimean Tatars of the XV–XVII centuries within historical cultural heritage materials. The territorial is limited to the Volyn region, namely the cities of Ostroh and Dubno. The study methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Besides these principles, we use the principle of systematicity to study the documents. The factor analysis was effective in examining the social and political processes that took place in the late medieval and early modern periods. We also use the typological method considering material culture objects. Analytical and synthesizing methods were used to generalize the information obtained. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it studies the historical, cultural, and material heritage of one of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - the Crimean Tatars in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. During the Ukrainian independence historians and archaeologists prepared some publications on the subject, but the generalized monographic study is absent. In addition, a significant part of material artifacts are kept in the collections of various museums and are not available in exhibition halls. Conclusions. The study of the Crimean Tatars’ material heritage on the territory of mainland Ukraine is important. Despite the rather complicated relations during the XV–XVII centuries, there are many examples of cooperation against common enemies, such as the Moscow state or the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Communities of immigrants from Crimea lived in many Ukrainian cities, towns, and villages, and together with the locals, they contributed to the common welfare and prosperity. All this has left a significant mark on the history, culture, and historical memory of different peoples. The presented artifacts of the Crimean Tatars from the collections of the museums of Ostroh and Dubno will contribute to the study and popularization of the cultural heritage of one of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine. We are firmly convinced that other Ukrainian museums (especially in their collections) hold many items related to the Crimean Tatars. Therefore, our research will continue.

A critical cartography: mapping chapters, networks, and relationships through regional organization

ABSTRACT The Association for Critical Heritage Studies (ACHS) was created, in part, to address underrepresentation in the study and management of heritage. However, achieving genuinely inclusive representation within global heritage conversations remains elusive, exacerbated by entrenched power dynamics and the dominance of Western epistemologies. Here, we discuss ACHS’s efforts to foster a more democratic, inclusive discourse through its organizational structure and international collaborations. As we argue here, although significant strides towards diversifying heritage discourse are evidenced by the creation of chapters and networks aimed at amplifying underrepresented voices, challenges persist in ensuring equitable participation. We discuss the importance of strategic regionalization and language inclusivity in advancing a platform that reflects the diversity of global heritage perspectives.

Antiquities in exile: Ottoman Greek refugees’ trauma and Ionian antiquities

AbstractThis article contributes to our understanding of the links between forced exile, refugee trauma, and antiquities. It zooms in to the case of the Ottoman Greek refugees who fled to Greece in the wake of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the defeat of the Greek army by the Turkish National Movement forces in 1922. It critically discusses memories of ordinary people from Lithri (ancient Erythrai, modern-day Ildırı), Nymphaio (near ancient Sardeis, modern-day Kemalpaşa), and Ayasolouk (ancient Ephesus, modern-day Selçuk). It also looks at aspects of the literary world of Smyrna-born poet and Nobel Laureate George Seferis. It is argued that, for these refugees, antiquities served as conduits, symbols, metaphors, and allegories for expressing the trauma linked to their state of uprootedness and forced exile. The refugees in question employed reverse “rescue archaeologies,” where it was for antiquities to salvage refugees rather than the other way round. The main primary material consulted consists of refugee testimonies from the Oral Tradition Archive of the Centre for Asia Minor Studies and Seferis’s diary. The approach is interdisciplinary and, besides Ottoman Greek history, draws on cultural geography, anthropology, archaeology as well as broader discussions in memory studies and critical heritage studies.

Development of the mobile application “Fascinating Onomastics” based on semantic base of knowledge

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project, is aimed at the need to develop the scientific and linguistic foundations of the Kazakh language with a special focus on anthroponymy. Through the use of descriptive and historical methods, the research creates a semantic knowledge base for Kazakh proper names. This extensive database forms the basis of the innovative mobile application "Fascinating Onomastics", developed using the Flutter 3.0 framework. The application serves as an innovative resource allowing users to study Kazakh anthroponymy with features such as name search, favorites and the ability to add new names. The study revealed about 100 properties that affect the structure of proper names, contributing to a deeper understanding of Kazakh onomastics. The technical and economic effectiveness of the application is highlighted by its potential to increase cultural awareness, promote cultural tourism and be used as an economically viable product. In addition, this study has a high scientific and technical status, offering an unprecedented contribution to the study of Kazakh onomastics and cultural heritage. The application "Fascinating Onomastics" with its rich semantic features and interface in the Kazakh language is becoming an important milestone in achieving scientific, cultural and educational goals.

Iskanderkul Expedition of 1870: Contribution of the Russian Orientalist A.L.Kuhn to the Preparation and Editing of the «Diary of the Iskanderkul Expedition» by A.Mustajir

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Iskanderkul expedition of 1870, organized with the aim of exploring little-known territories along the eastern border of the Zarafshan district and the southern border of the Syrdarya region. The main attention is paid to the role of the orientalist A.L.Kuna in conducting the expedition and his contribution to the preparation of the “Diary of the Iskanderkul Expedition” Mirza Mullah “Abd ar-Rahaman, son of Muhammad Latif Mustajir. The article notes the strategic importance of this expedition for Tsarist Russia and emphasizes the role of A.L.Kuhn, who has deep knowledge of Eastern cultures and languages. He paid special attention to the language and culture of the Tajiks of the Zarafshan Valley. The article highlights the relevance of cooperation between Russian researchers and local authors for the study and preservation of the cultural heritage of Central Asia in the context of geopolitics, ethnography and language studies. The Iskanderkul expedition and A.Mustajir’s “Diary” are important sources for the study of history, ethnography, spiritual culture and socioeconomic conditions of life in the upper reaches of Zarafshan in the second half of the 19th century. This study is relevant for understanding the historical and cultural context of Central Asia, especially the upper reaches of Zarafshan.

Analyzing architectural and cultural elements of Masjid Jamek Sultan Ibrahim, Muar, Johor

The Sultan Ibrahim Mosque serves as the Muar neighborhood’s ‘Jewel’ is situated conterminous to the Sultan of Johor’s Palace located by the Muar River. Despite Masjid Jamek Sultan Ibrahim’s being a heritage structure in Muar with the influence of Victorian architecture combines with local influence, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the traditional Javanese cultural elements with tangible and intangible material culture resulted in the knowledge that contributes to the mosque’s character and its function in the community. The objective is to analyze and identify the cultural fundamental features of the mosque that exhibit Javanese influences and to explore the mosque’s role in fostering interfaith discussion and community outreach, as well as how it affects the social and cultural fabric of the community. A theoretical framework based on cultural studies and heritage studies, that include cultural construction, cultural transmission, and heritage management. To focus on the study to identify the possible advantages of preserving and promoting the cultural components of this mosque, such as fostering religious dialogue, improving cultural tourism, and enhancing the feeling of cultural identity in the community. Methods for this research include thematic analysis and anthology on the case study site to gain and gather more information. The findings of this study will provide Javanese traditional cultural elements of this mosque valuable perceptivity. This study can increase the sense of cultural identity in the community and foster greater social cohesiveness

ARTISTIC SYNTHESIS OF "ONE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS" TO UZBEK CLASSICAL LITERATURE

In the world of literary, the study of medieval Oriental culture and literary heritage on the issue of interaction with the culture and literature of the peoples of the world is becoming more relevant than ever. In particular, the study of the influence of the work "A Thousand and One Nights", a rare example of Oriental literature, on the development of culture and literature of the peoples of the world, continues to remain in the constant focus of attention of Orientalists and literary critics. This makes it necessary to study the effective influence of this work on Uzbek literature from the point of view of its artistic synthesis in Uzbek literature. This article is devoted to the study of the same issues, and it is argued that many of the plots of the work influenced Uzbek folk oral art, Uzbek classical literature and the work of thinkers.

Seismic numerical analysis of an Inca stone wall in Sacsayhuaman using rigid body dynamics within a finite element framework

The study and conservation of the stone heritage is a global concern, mainly when the buildings are in seismic zones. Stone structures can be very simple or considerably complex, depending on their style and form of construction. A clear example is the Inca architecture in Peru, which has different and complex typologies due to its cultural diversity. Inca structures of remarkable heritage value are in Cusco, an area of active cortical faults that might produce a seismic event at any time. The main objective of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of the seismic vulnerability analysis of Inca's stone walls by using the dynamics of rigid bodies (within the finite element method) to evaluate the possible out-of-plane failure mechanisms. This methodology allows for reducing the high number of degrees of freedom usually considered when modelling an entire irregular large stone wall by other approaches, such as continuum models. A wall section from the archaeological site of Sacsayhuaman (Cusco, Peru) is analysed as a case study. Each stone is discretised and modelled as a rigid body, and the interaction among blocks is evaluated within a finite element numerical framework. The structure's predominant frequencies are evaluated using updated methods such as white noise and sinusoidal signals. Then, a non-linear dynamic analysis of the studied wall is performed considering three Peruvian seismic records. The analyses show that the structure could suffer significant damage and endanger its structural stability for cortical earthquakes with a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.2 g. Considering the historical significance of these structures, the analysis of Inca stone walls' seismic safety accounts for potential residual movements between individual stones.

Towards Transdisciplinary Heritage Assessment: An Analysis of the Use of Landscape Study Methods as a Holistic Toolbox for Cultural Site Characterisation in the Spanish Context

This research work arises from the need to design specific techniques for the characterisation of cultural sites. Assuming the increasing complexity of the protection typologies, the expansion of working scales gives thanks to technology and the pursuit of social sustainability objectives. Thus, its main objective is to search for innovative tools that other disciplines can contribute to the work of architects specialising in heritage studies. To this end, the research explores the main methodologies, maps, guides, and registers of landscape and historic landscape characterisation developed in Europe, particularly in Spain, over the last 40 years. Considering this intense and profound evolution of landscape analysis, useful strategies for the assessment of cultural sites from their conception in the 21st century arise. Nevertheless, landscape characterisation methods have been mainly developed and applied by geographers and are absent in many urban and territorial heritage studies. In response, this article proposes a new methodological approach focusing on contextual values to be used in the assessment of architectural heritage at the territorial scale.

Aa Norf’k Wieh: a pacific epistemology for reconceptualising heritage management in Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area, Norfolk Island

ABSTRACT Informed by critical heritage studies, Pacific theory-building scholarship and Indigenous research methodologies, this article introduces Aa Norf’k Wieh – a Pitcairn descendant epistemology for understanding the experience and management of living heritage in Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA), Norfolk Island. Central to Aa Norf’k Wieh is storytelling, reflecting the oral traditions of Pitkern-Norf’k. Aa Norf’k Wieh is captured in the article through the Indigenous research methodology of storywork, with personal family narratives revealing different ways of knowing, being, feeling, and doing heritage. Based on the storying of Aa Norf’k Wieh, the article proposes that, as a Pacific epistemic practice, Aa Norf’k Wieh has the potential to reconfigure how heritage value is understood by heritage managers, consultants, and scholars to produce more culturally just heritage management for KAVHA. The article posits that attention to this epistemology supports a shift from material- and values-based approaches to heritage management on Norfolk Island to a living heritage approach that centres Pitcairner descendants as the core community of KAVHA.

Qingdao Modern Church Contrast and Analyzing Based on Religious Influences Perspective: Examples from Qingdao Catholic Church and Qingdao Christian Church

Qingdao, as a city with a colonial history, has numerous architectures that combine traditional Chinese architectural style and Western architectural style. One of the most distinctive types of architecture is the church. Churches have significant mental support functions as well as their function as shelters. They are symbols of the city, and valuable for the city to present its architectural scene. This article wishes to state the backgrounds and history of Catholicism and Protestantism; compare the differences in external spaces, internal spaces, decorations, and volume of Qingdao catholic church and Qingdao Christian church to analyze the architectural differences based on different religious backgrounds; emphasize the characteristics and connotations for churches. Studying church architecture can reveal the creativity and technical proficiency of ancient architects and craftsmen. Church architecture encompasses knowledge and skills from various fields, including structural engineering, sculpture, painting, and decoration. Such research contributes to the advancement of architectural design and engineering technology. Church architecture is a reflection of human creativity and cultural traditions, and it holds significant importance for the study and preservation of cultural heritage.

ПЕРСОНІФІКОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ОСВІТНЬО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ СОЦІАЛІСТИЧНІЙ РАДЯНСЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ (1930 – 1940 рр.)

The article highlights a personalized approach to the study of the problem of educational and pedagogical prognostication in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the period 1930 – 1940. The author emphasizes that the analysis of the theory and practice of education and upbringing in the conditions of various socio-economic formations from the point of view of a personalized approach contributes to the deepening and expansion of the worldview, provides full information about important concepts and education systems of the past. In the context of the research problem, the author singles out the experience of the following educators S. Kh. Chavdarov, S. A. Lytvynov, P. P. Blonskyi, Ya. A. Mamontov, O. S. Zaluzhnyi, S. A. Ananin. S. Kh. Chavdarov developed the general questions of the methodology of teaching the Ukrainian language, the methodology of teaching phonetics and grammar, the teaching of spelling, punctuation, and the methodology of students' speech development in Ukrainian language lessons. The study of the theoretical heritage of the scientist-educator S. A. Lytvynov allows us to understand the past experience from the standpoint of modernity, to reveal its place in the general gradual process of development of domestic pedagogical science. The basic pedagogical principles of mass incomplete secondary education on the basis of polytechnicism and the connection of education with labour as factors of social development of the individual were formulated by P. P. Blonskyi. The educator Ya. A. Mamontov gave special importance to the problems of aesthetic education, the goal of which he believed was the development of a person's aesthetic perception of the world. Ukrainian educator, reflexologist, pedologist O. S. Zaluzhnyi mainly researched children's teams, issues of children's interests, school success, labour training in children's groups. Ukrainian educator and psychologist S. A. Ananin gave the main place to labour education, considering it an important factor in the country's economic development and an effective means of forming a person.

From the Ground to the Public: Old and New Fossil Discoveries from Kefalonia–Ithaca UNESCO Global Geopark and Their Value in Research, Education, and Local Palaeontological Heritage

Fossils play a crucial role in geoparks contributing to their scientific, educational and recreational aspects. The purpose of the project “Study and promotion of the palaeontological heritage of Kefalonia–Ithaca UNESCO Global Geopark” is the overall consideration of the palaeontological record of the geopark and its utilization with a holistic approach. Excavations took place in 11 new excavation sites and a total of more than 1000 specimens were recovered belonging to 13 major groups (ammonites, barnacles, belemnitida, bivalves, brachiopods, corals, fish, foraminifera, gastropods, plant leaves, rudists, scaphopods, and sea urchins). After being conserved and identified by the scientific staff, the specimens, along with replicas, were exhibited in two newly developed exhibitions at the Information Centres. The exhibitions were inspired by science labs as spaces of exploration, research, discovery and experience. Moreover, an educational package was prepared consisting of different activities for all ages. It presents how life, landscapes, and climate have changed over time and how living things responded to those changes.

A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil

The Serrote do Letreiro Site, found on the northwest periphery of the Sousa Basin, Brazil, presents a remarkable convergence of paleontological and archaeological elements. It is constituted of sub-horizontal "lajeiros", or rock outcrops, intermingled with endemic Caatinga vegetation. The three prominent outcrops feature fossilized footprints of theropod, sauropod, and iguanodontian dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Period. Adjacent to these dinosaur tracks, indigenous petroglyphs adorn the surface. The petroglyphs, mainly characterized by circular motifs, maintain a striking resemblance to other petroglyphs found in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. This study primarily endeavors to delineate the site's major characteristics while concentrating on the relationship between the dinosaur footprints and the petroglyphs. It concurrently assesses the preservation status of this invaluable record, shedding light on its implications for the realms of paleontology, archaeology, and cultural heritage studies.

Journalism issues in Sheki’s literary environment in the 20th century (based on the creativity of Mustafa bey Alibeyov, Nurpasha Hummetov and Tofig Gaffarov)

The article describes the development of journalism in Shaki in the 20th century. The main goal of the author is to highlight the influence and role of publicity in the development of the literary environment in Sheki. The role of the regional press in the development of journalism and some examples of the journalistic legacy of Mustafa bey Alibeyov, Nurpasha Hummetov and Tofig Gaffarov, who were talented publicists of the time, are systematized by the researcher and taken as the object of analysis. The article stands out for its scientific innovation as an initial step in the study of journalistic heritage in the Sheki literary environment.

Significance of the written sources in study of medieval heritage of Ganja

Significance of the written sources in study of medieval heritage of Ganja

Identifying urban built-up areas using CORONA imagery in the pre-Landsat era: a case study of Shanghai in 1965

ABSTRACT The Corona project (1959–1972) created a large number of high-resolution images that provided valuable historical research data before the advent of Landsat (1972) and even compensated for the lack of accuracy in early stages. In this study, we collected eight available Corona images to create a historical remote sensing image of Shanghai in the 1960 and developed an automatic image segmentation and classification methodology. In the experimental part, we verified its accuracy, and discussed the urbanization process in Shanghai. The results showed that 1) In 1965, the urban area of Shanghai was mainly distributed in Puxi, and the urbanization degree of the entire hinterland of Pudong was still very low. Built-up areas were highly concentrated in the main urban areas. 2) The overall accuracy was 91.5% and the kappa coefficient was 0.762. 3) We compared the built-up area in 1965 with the current urban area, which increased from 306.23 to 2,804.25 km2. Besides, historical imagery also captured the state of environmental pollution at that time. Overall, our method could inform the mapping and classification of remotely sensed land surfaces on a global scale in the 1960s, extending pre-Landsat era research to studies of urban history, archaeology and cultural heritage.

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ КАК СПОСОБ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ТВОРЧЕСТВА П. ВАСИЛЬЕВА НА ФАКУЛЬТАТИВНЫХ ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМУ КРАЕВЕДЕНИЮ

This article is devoted to the problem of insufficiency of the material and methodological base for conducting optional classes in literary local history of the Pavlodar Irtysh region at school. The main part of the work is aimed at describing a way to overcome this problem through the creation of workbooks dedicated to the work of local authors. The developed notebook on the work of Pavel Nikolaevich Vasiliev is presented; a description of the principles by which the concept of the notebook was created, works for analysis and the tasks themselves were selected. The authors name the advantages of this method of work in an optional lesson: accessibility, versatility, flexibility in use, manifestation of creativity of the teacher and students. The authors point out the relevance of this issue in connection with the growing interest in the study of the local literary heritage and the direction of this work on the patriotic education of the younger generation. This article may be useful for methodologists, practicing teachers of the Russian language and literature, and students of pedagogical specialties