Study Of Abrasive Wear Research Articles

Methodology for determining the durability of soil-cultivating machines working bodies of parts

The development and creation of high-performance machines for agricultural production is in many cases limited by the insufficient wear resistance of individual parts and assemblies. Russian scientists, engineers and technicians working on the problem of increasing the durability of machines have achieved significant results. However, theoretical conclusions and prerequisites for increasing durability and the method of calculating parts of agricultural machines for durability are not enough. The durability calculations of agricultural machine parts used in some cases during their design are imperfect. In addition, in most cases, there are no reasonable calculations of allowable wear that would ensure high quality machine operation, i.e. these calculations are not related to the tasks of preventive maintenance and operation of machines. A number of scientists have been studying the abrasive wear of working parts of soil-cultivating and seeding machines for decades, but this issue has not yet been finally resolved. Until now, there is no clear understanding of the essence of abrasive wear and the factors that determine it. Most of the work carried out on the study of abrasive wear of parts of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines is of a private nature. There are no works covering the study of the complex set of phenomena that occur during abrasive wear. At present, very little has been studied about the wear capacity of soils, there is no criterion that determines it, and there is no connection between the phenomena of wear of the working parts of soil-cultivating machines and the basic theoretical principles of agricultural mechanics. The study of the wear capacity of soils, as well as the determination of the magnitude of pressures that arise during the interaction of the working parts of agricultural machines with the soil, can be used when calculating the working parts of these machines for durability.

Molecular dynamic study of abrasive wear, viscosity and moduli of UDMA: A component of dental composite

Among the dental composites, Urethane Dimethacrylate (UDMA) is commonly used as a component in treating oral complications. Many molecular dynamics approaches are used to understand the behaviour of the material at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures to get a better insight after comparison with experimental values at the atomic level. There are three critical physical properties associated with these components, like abrasive wear, viscosity, and moduli, which play an essential role in determining the treatment and can be computed using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS), the general-purpose quantum chemistry program package (ORCA), and the General Utility Lattice Program (GULP) molecular dynamics methods. A radial distribution function plot is generated using visual molecular dynamics (VMD) for UDMA and BisGMA. A comparison of these parameters with BisGMA, another component of dental composites, along with experimental results, is carried out in the present investigation. Further, since radiation also matters for settling the materials in dental treatment, we have computed absorption spectra from 200 nm to 800 nm using LAMMPS/ORCA.

Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Organophosphate

Wear is very important phenomena which play a vital role while designing any component. It directly affects the life of the component. Abrasive wear phenomena are simply caused by the passage of relatively hard particles or asperities over a surface. Abrasive wear simply includes division of two surface parts by abrasion of other mating surface that is situated between the friction areas. A systematic study of abrasive wear of Silicon has been carried out using a two body pin-on-disc wear machine. The objective of this study is to evaluate the abrasive wear of organophosphate by grinding it at different load at different rpm. In this thesis a study of abrasive wear of organophosphate at different speed were given to analyze the possibility of wear. A review of abrasive wear behavior of organophosphate using different wear rate speed has been discussed in this thesis. Mainly focus on the varying wear condition during varying rpm. as we all know that wear is very important parameter which directly affects the life of a component. The goal of this study was to evaluate abrasive wear only. Key Words: Abrasive wear, Behaviour of organophosphate, Wear rate

Experimental and Modeling Study of Abrasive Wear of Tungsten Carbide Drilling Bit in Wet and Dry Conditions

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations carried out to study the effect of load and relative sliding speed on the abrasive wear behavior in drilling bit teeth surfaces of an insert tungsten carbide bit have been presented. Experimentally, an apparatus for abrasive wear tests conducted on the modified ASTM-G65 was modified and fabricated to facilitate loading and measurement of wear rate for the sand/ steel wheel abrasion test, which involves two cases of contact; first is at dry sand and second is under wet condition. These tests have been carried under varied operating parameters of normal load and sliding speed. A theoretical model based upon the Archard equation has been developed for predicting wear simulation by using ANSYS12.1 program for dry and wet abrasive wear rates. The general trend for all the results of wet tests is that an increase in the applied load as well as wheel rotational speed produces an increase in wear rate, while at the dry tests the behavior shows an increase and fluctuating in wear rate due to the transition in wear mechanism. As compared to the dry tests, the volume losses in wet tests have much higher values, that is because the presence of water which causes high adhesion between sand particles and specimen surface as well as wear-corrosion interaction which accelerate the wear rates. The percentage errors between theoretical and experimental results are more stable with the wet than dry tests due to the stability in wear rates.

Study of Abrasive Wear and Abrasion Heating of Mg and Al Matrix Composites Reinforced with B<sub>4</sub>C and Cr

Study of Abrasive Wear and Abrasion Heating of Mg and Al Matrix Composites Reinforced with B<sub>4</sub>C and Cr

Вплив складу електроліту на характеристики синтезованого під час твердого анодування алюмінію оксидного шару

The aim of the study. By introducing strong oxidizers to the electrolyte form anode layers on the surface of aluminum with increased mechanical characteristics. To determine the effect of the duration of the formation of an anode layer to change its properties. Hard anodizing was performed at a temperature of –4...0C for 60 min. A 20% aqueous solution of H2SO4 was used as the base electrolyte. During anodizing, the current density was 5 A/dm2. To determine the effect of strong oxidants on the characteristics of the anode layers (oxide), 30 were added to the electrolyte; 50; 70 and 100 г/лof hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In some cases, it was purged with an ozone-air mixture at a rate of 5 mgmin/l of ozone. It was found that the oxide layer (Al2O3H2O) during hard anodizing on aluminium alloys forms not only oxygen ions, which are formed by the decomposition of water, but also neutral oxygen atoms, which are formed by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. It was found that hydrogen peroxide, as well as blowing the electrolyte with an air-ozone mixture increase the thickness and microhardness of the anodized layer by 50% due to the reduction of the number of water molecules in alumina by half. Hydrogen peroxide and ozone apparently also reduce the thickness of the barrier layer of the coating, through which oxygen and aluminium ions penetrate and which, when combined, form an oxide layer. Conclusions. 1. It has been established that aluminum anodizing for 60 minutes. provides an increase in its properties. Changing the composition of the electrolyte contributes to the growth of microhardness in 1.2 ... 1.7 times. The resistance of abrasive wear increases with the content of different amounts of applications in the electrolyte and the maximum is at 30 g / l H2O2. Blowing the base electrolyte ozone provides an increase in the microhardness of the layer from 380 to 510 HV. The higher loss of mass for higher microhardness is caused by an increase in porosity of coatings. 2. It is determined that an increase in the anodization time in the baseline electrolyte to 120 and 180 minutes contributes to the growth of microhardness to 640 HV compared to an anodized layer for 60 minutes. Loss of mass in the study of abrasive wear is less than 3-4 times with longer anodation than at 60 minutes in the baseline electrolyte.

Evaluation of the properties of polymer composites with carbon nanotubes in the aspect of their abrasive wear

Purpose: Carbon nanotubes are used in composite materials due to the improvement of (including tribological) properties of composites, especially thermoplastic matrix composites. This demonstrates the potential of CNTs and the validity of research on determining the impact of this type of reinforcement on the composite materials under development. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents selected results of research on polymer composites made of C.E.S. R70 resin, C.E.S. H72 hardener with the addition of a physical friction modifier (CNTs) with a percentage by volume of 18.16% and 24.42%, respectively, which also acts as a reinforcement. The produced material was subjected to hardness measurements according to the Shore method and EDS analysis. The study of abrasive wear in reciprocating movement was carried out using the Taber Linear Abraser model 5750 tribotester and a precision weight. The surface topography of the composite material after tribological tests was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some of the mentioned tests were carried out on samples made only of resin, used as the matrix of the tested polymer composite. Findings: Carbon nanotubes used in polymer matrix composites, including bisphenol A/F epoxy resin have an influence on the tribological properties of the material. The addition of carbon nanotubes contributed to a 24% increase in the Ra parameter relative to pure resin, to a level corresponding to rough grinding of steel. Research limitations/implications: The results of the tests indicate the need to continue research in order to optimize the composition of composites in terms of operating parameters of friction nodes in broadly understood aviation. Originality/value: The analysed literature did not find any studies on the impact of the addition of carbon nanotubes on epoxy resins based on bisphenol A/F. Due to the wide scope of application of such resins, the properties of such composite materials in which carbon nanotubes are the reinforcing phase have been investigated.

A study of abrasive wear on high speed steel surface in hot rolling by Discrete Element Method

In hot rolling, the asperities of oxidised strip and wear debris slide over High Speed Steel (HSS) work roll. Hence, abrasive wear occurs, and wear particles will be removed from the work roll surface. This work introduces a Discrete Element Method (DEM) model which has been applied successfully to study abrasive roll wear of HSS work roll with MC carbides embedded within the oxide layers at 650°C. From this research, it has been found that the carbide orientation, distribution in the HSS roll, different scratching tip size and scratching depth affect the wear significantly.

A Study of Abrasive Wear on High Speed Steel Surface in Hot Rolling

In hot rolling, the thermal cyclic of work rolls causes a superficial oxide scale, which plays an important role on the contact friction and wear. The asperities of oxidised strip surface and wear debris slide over the High Speed Steel (HSS) work roll surface which comprises of hard carbides within an iron matrix under high pressure and velocity. Abrasive wear occurs and the particles will be removed from HSS surface. The current study introduces the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate this abrasive wear phenomenon. The model successfully provides a physically based abrasive roll wear predication of HSS work roll with the consideration of carbides and oxide layers. It has been found that the carbide shape in the HSS roll affects the wear significantly, which has not been reported by previous numerical simulations and is the main focus of this research.

Experimental study of abrasive wear of structural materials under the high hydrostatic pressure

This paper outlines results of the experimental study of abrasive wear of materials at hyperbaric pressures. Two materials have been treated: steel and tungsten carbide. The tests have been performed in a custom made pressure vessel. SEM microscopy has been used to reveal the physical mechanisms of wear. Obtained results might be interesting for offshore mining and oil & gas industries.

Parametric study of abrasive wear of Co–CrC based flame sprayed coatings by Response Surface Methodology

Co base powder (EWAC1006 EE) was modified with the addition of 20%WC and the same was further modified by varying amounts of chromium carbide (0, 10 and 20wt%) in order to develop three different coatings. Microstructure, elemental mapping XRD, porosity and hardness analysis of the three coatings was carried out. The effect of CrC concentration (C), load (L), abrasive size (A), sliding distance (S) and temperature (T) on abrasive wear of these flame sprayed coatings was investigated by Response Surface Methodology and an abrasive wear model was developed. A comparison of modeled and experimental results showed 5–9% error.

Study of the Impact Abrasive Wear of New Super-High Manganese Steel

Based on the traditional Mn13, the super-high manganese steel Mn18 was melted by means of adjusting the amount of C, Mn, adding a certain amount of alloying elements Cr, Mo etc and modification. The results show that with low-impact energy abrasive wear for 60 minutes, the wear resistance of super-high manganese steel Mn18 was greatly improved by contrast with that of Mn13, and the hardness of wear surface was increased slowly with the elapse of the wear time. However, under the high impact energy, the wear resistance of Mn18 is 1.5 times as high as that of Mn13, and the hardness of wear surface was increased to HB440 in a short time. The main wear forms were: cutting, gouging wear and plastic deformation. Typical TEM morphologies of subsurface wear structure consist mostly of high density dislocations, deformation bands.

Experimental Study on Bit Tooth Made of Nano-Cemented Carbide Composites in Air Hammer Drilling

It is fracture, wear and abscission of bit tooth that make up of the main failure forms for the air hammer bit, which have badly restricted the further popularization and application of the air hammer drilling. The main reason is that the ordinary cemented carbide tooth is difficult to meet the complex conditions of the air the hammer drilling. Therefore, this research puts forward a new thought that we strengthen the carbide tooth by adding the nano-Al2O3into the substrate materials of WC-Co. According to the study of several formulas of nano-composites, the test of sample performance, experimental study of impact abrasive wear and microstructure, we draw some conclusions that adding amount of nano-Al2O3can refine grain, make microstructure more uniform and improve the wear resistance of composites, but also can enhance the strength of boundaries of WC-Co and transform the fracture form from the intergranular fracture to the transgranular fracture. Meanwhile, it can also improve nano-composites comprehensive performance by adding rare earth. The result for site test of bit shows that comparing with the bit equipped the original carbide teeth, the efficiency of rock breaking of the bit equipped nano-composites teeth increase by 20% and the service life increase by 80%.

An AFM study of single-contact abrasive wear: The Rabinowicz wear equation revisited

A nanoscale study of the abrasive wear behaviour of a ductile monophasic metallic alloy (the stainless steel AISI 316L) is presented. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based techniques, particularly a diamond tip mounted on a stiff steel cantilever, the contact of a single abrasive asperity was simulated, and it was possible to determine accurately the load threshold below which no measurable wear occurs. It was observed that, once this nanoscale threshold for wear is overcome, the worn volume increases linearly with the load, as predicted by the Rabinowicz model. However, it was found that, although this critical threshold for measurable wear is most certainly related with the yield-onset of plastic deformation, it cannot be predicted by using directly a criterion based on the bulk microhardness. Hence, the results presented in this paper strongly indicate that indentation size effects play a crucial role on the response to abrasive wear at the asperity contact level.

Controlled structuring of mica surfaces with the tip of an atomic force microscope by mechanically induced local etching

AbstractWe demonstrate the controlled and reproducible structuring of surfaces of muscovite mica with the tip of an atomic force microscope operated in contact mode under ambient conditions. By repeated scanning of the tip along a predefined pattern on a cleaved mica surface at forces between 100 nN and 4 µN, mechanically induced etching was observed on the atomic scale. Using silicon nitride tips, no tip wear was observed during structuring. No debris was found on the surface as a result of the structuring process, indicating the atomic‐scale nature of the wear process. Line widths down to 3 nm were achieved, while at the same time patterns on a wide range of length scales between 5 nm and 100 µ m were generated reproducibly. The results can be explained by abrasive wear on the atomic scale due to sliding friction. The experiments allow the study of tribochemistry and abrasive wear on the atomic and molecular scale. At the same time, they represent an approach for high‐precision structuring of surfaces within a wide range of length scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preliminary study of micro-scale abrasive wear of a NiTi shape memory alloy

Nitinol (NiTi), a nearly equiatomic nickel–titanium alloy is known for its unique shape memory and superelastic properties, which result from martensitic transformations. It is the material of choice for numerous biomedical applications such as endovascular stents, vena cava filters, dental files and guidewires for non-invasive surgery, etc. Micro-scale abrasion tests (MSATs) have been performed on the NiTi shape memory alloy, so as to evaluate the influence of different commercial abrasives such as silicon carbide, alumina and glass on the wear behaviour. The aim of the work was the selection of the most effective abrasive for cleaning the inner surface of laser-cut cardiovascular stents. Abrasive particles have been characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS before and after MSATs. Worn surfaces have been studied by stylus profilometry, SEM and atomic force microscopy. The effect of abrasive particle hardness, size and angularity on the wear behaviour has been evaluated and discussed.

Development of new standard procedures for the evaluation of dental composite abrasive wear

This article discusses the development of a test bench and a methodology for the study of composite resin abrasive wear. To evaluate the operation of the test bench and to compare the proposed methodology with other existing ones, a study was made of the five composites most commonly used by dentists. The one-way ANOVA method and the Tukey test were used to statistically analyze the results by multiple comparisons of the groups of resins tested. Using the proposed methodology, these resins were classified in an increasing order of abrasive wear strength, as follows: Charisma (the lowest abrasive wear strength), Tetric, TPH, Herculite and Z-100 (the highest abrasive wear strength) ( P<0.05). In comparison to other methodologies, the results of the proposed methodology presented the lowest coefficient of variation.

Development of a new standard procedure for the evaluation of composite abrasive wear

This article discusses the development of a test bench and a methodology for the study of composite resin abrasive wear. To evaluate the operation of the test bench and to compare the proposed methodology with other existing ones, a study was made of the five composites most commonly used by dentists. The one-way ANOVA method and the Tukey test were used to statistically analyze the results by multiple comparisons of the groups of resins tested. Using the proposed methodology, these resins were classified in an increasing order of abrasive wear strength, as follows: Charisma (the lowest abrasive wear strength), Tetric, TPH, Herculite and Z-100 (the highest abrasive wear strength) (p < 0.05). In comparison to other methodologies, the results of the proposed methodology presented the lowest coefficient of variation.

Wear mechanisms associated with rock excavation using attack picks

The performance of Roadheading machines in face gate roads, cross-measures drifts and major access roadways is of importance to the profitability and productivity of modern mechanised longwall mines. Slow advance rates due to arduous cutting conditions results in cost increases and delays. An understanding of the mechanisms contributing to cutter pick deterioration is vital. Over the past decade much emphasis has been placed on wear problems associated with the excavation of rock and this had led to a concentration of the study of abrasive wear of cutting tools. However much of this initial work was applied to surface mining problems and it is felt that it is not directly applicable to the conditions encountered when cutting rock with boom-type roadheaders where the cutting and transient forces are higher. Indications suggest that a composite mechanism for tool wear occurs, with abrasion, impact loading and frictional heating all playing an interlinked part in the wear and ultimate destruction of cutting tools.

An experimental study of three-body abrasive wear

Three-body abrasive wear has been studied using a column of abrasive contained in a tube and pressed against a rotating metal disc. The weight loss of the disc owing to abrasion was examined as a function of the length of the wear path, load, speed, abrasive size, abrasive hardness, metal hardness and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of material removal. Similarities and differences between three-body abrasion tests and two-body abrasion results are pointed out.