Study Of International Relations Research Articles

Eksistensi ASEAN sebagai Organisasi Regional pada Aspek Sosial Budaya Melalui Program Student Mobility

The study of international relations originated in Great Britain precisely in the early 20th century in Wales, when a group of experts in philosophy and international law in Great Britain agreed on the need to study relations between nations. At first, international relations focused more on the study of war and peace in nation-state relations. However, beginning in the 1970s and 1980s the study of international relations expanded to a wider range of studies. International relations develop on non-political issues, such as economics, security, law, culture, technology, and so on. Any perspective in an approach that views international relations as not only state-oriented would say that other entities such as International Organizations also have an important role. One of the International Organizations at the Regional Level is The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN has 3 pillars, namely Political-Security, Economic and Socio-Cultural.2 International Relations are inseparable from globalization. Globalization encourages countries indirectly to cooperate with each other in order to meet their national interests and respond to the phenomena that exist along with globalization. One form of cooperation is international cooperation. International organizations have several forms, one of which is in the Regional scope. ASEAN as one of the Regional Organizations collaborates in the field of Socio-Culture through the Student Mobility program.

Internal Conflict of Syria in The Construction of Al-Jazeera

This study aims to analyze Al-Jazeera's contribution on the dynamics of the internal conflict in Syria. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method with Nicholas Onuf's constructivism approach. Researchers collected primary data by interviewing a number of relevant informants and secondary data through documentation studies, archival, document-based research, and internet-based research. This study found that the media not only functions as a monitor, but can also be used as a driving force by state actors. In addition, it was found that there were actions taken by al - Jazeera as an agent and information service provider which encourages the Syrian people to move and ultimately stimulates the internal conflict between the Syrian regime and the Syrian people. This study has limitation in concern to the dynamics of the conflict in the Middle East extensively, which also participate to provide settings to the internal conflict in Syria. However, this study is able to contribute to the development of the repertoire of International Relations Studies, especially in the understanding of the contribution of global media to the socio-political dynamics of a country.

Populism, Collective Narcissism, and Support for War

Abstract People’s pro-war attitudes provide an important lens for understanding the various conflicts and wars taking place around the globe. The present research bridges the social psychological insights on ingroup identity with the macro realism theory of international relations studies. It examines the association of populism and collective narcissism with support for war under the conditions of offensive and defensive realist foreign policies. The research comprises two studies. Study 1 shows that populism is linked with offensive realism, whereas collective narcissism is associated with defensive realism. Study 2 further demonstrates that the perceptions of threat mediate the relationship between collective narcissism and support for war, rather than mediating the relationship between populism and support for war. Both populism and collective narcissism are related to authoritarianism. This research contributes to a theoretical understanding of the effects of populism and collective narcissism on resorting to military actions in international politics.

International Relations and Ernst B. Haas, Ernst B. Haas and International Relations

ABSTRACT Ernst B. Haas is a seminal figure in the study of International Relations whose work helps guide our understanding of twenty-first century politics as well. He was instrumental in developing many of the themes commonly used to understand world politics: regional integration, international regimes, science and institutions, and nationalism. He was also a founding father of Constructivism. This piece serves as an introduction to this special issue on Ernst B. Haas.

Agentic misrecognition in world politics

The phenomenon of misrecognition has been analysed under various angles by philosophy, political theory, sociology and lately also by international relations (IR). In IR, (mis)recognition is mainly understood as either status denial (i.e. denial of legal state recognition), inflated honor pretentions (including positive self-images, mythical narratives of the past, Great Power projections and so on), or as a denial of vital conditions necessary for identity, individuality, and freedom. There has been much theoretical work on the problem of inclusion/exclusion or the insider/outsider problem in IR and various empirical studies have shown that misrecognition can contribute to international conflict, international inequalities, (neo)colonialism, masculine domination, and limit the overall rationality of decision-making. However, what has been generally overlooked is the question of agency, the ‘who’ that is seeking and/or entitled to be an object and subject of recognition and how such exclusions and related pathologies result from forms of misrecognition. This introduction to Agentic Misrecognition in World Politics engages with some of the problems related to the question of (mis)recognition and agency in IR, the patterns of excluded recognition, and the normative conditions that pertain to these processes of (mis)recognition. It closes with a summation of the research articles and forum contributions to this volume.

Indonesia Diplomatic Efforts in the Conflict in Darfur Sudan

This research aims to explain Indonesia's diplomatic efforts in the conflict in Darfur Sudan where various conflicts have emerged that attract the attention of countries in the world including the United Nations which gave birth to a peace mission Apart from the conflict between rebel groups and the Sudanese government, there are also conflicts between armed groups among different ethnic groups, creating an unstable and unsafe environment. The benefits of this research are to add insight into the study of international relations, especially Indonesia's diplomacy efforts in Darfur. Furthermore, this research is also expected to complement the development of research that has been done before. This research is qualitative in nature using secondary data methods. This research was also conducted to find out the role of Indonesian diplomacy in various conflicts that occurred in DARFUR.

Unleashing the Potential: Investigating the Empowering Effects of Field Trips on Autonomous English Learners’ Learning

Field trips have long been recognized as a significant component of educational endeavours. While students at the primary and secondary levels commonly engage in such activities, the integration of field trips into tertiary education remains infrequent. University studend who attend the English classes are seldom afforded the opportunity to directly observe authentic professional environments or explore potential workplaces related to their future careers, experiences that can be facilitated through field trips. Additionally, given the increasing emphasis on the internship program held by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, a gap arises as students are limited in their exposure to real-world work environments. The objective of this research endeavour was to investigate university students' perceptions of field trip activities and assess how these experiences contribute to the development of students' autonomous learning skills. Qualitative data for this study were collected through two questionnaires, a preparation and a reflection Google sheet. The participants consisted of 27 students enrolled in the International Relations Study Program at UPN Veteran Jakarta. The findings of the study revealed that field trips offer numerous benefits to English for Professional Purposes students, including enhancing their understanding of academic concepts, providing a deeper real-world context for learning, and fostering social interaction. The questionnaire results demonstrated a predominantly positive perception among the students. Furthermore, a majority of the participants reported engaging in autonomous learning activities during the field trip, facilitated by the opportunity to interact with industry professionals and seek their guidance through questioning.

World Order Transformation from the Grassroots: Global South Social Movements and the Transcendence of Established Approaches to International Change

Abstract In contrast to traditional top-down perspectives, this article aims to shed alternative light on the prospects for change in global order through evaluating how perspectives offered among social movements located in the Global South consider how change can take place beyond established approaches. With reference to perspectives offered among the Global Tapestry of Alternatives, the article elucidates a model of global political change that transcends reformist and revolutionary dynamics, and which bypasses dominant state and intergovernmental institutions. The analysis highlights the ontological divide between these approaches and reformist and revolutionary perspectives, given their pluriversality drawing on concepts that to date have received inadequate attention in the study of international relations. The article further considers how these approaches—given their deep roots in long-established communitarian practices and their pluriversality—may be addressing today's crisis of global order from the bottom-up in ways that may avoid limitations of previous change agendas.

Analiza korelacji w stosunkach międzynarodowych na przykładzie wybranych aspektów stosunków polsko-niemieckich

Correlation analysis is one of the tools that can be used when examining the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables in international relations. To carry it out, it is important to meet the necessary assumptions regarding a given correlation coefficient. Several of the most used coefficients are presented, broken down into quantitative, ordinal, and nominal variables. The aim of the study was to present the use of correlation analysis on the example of selected economic and non-economic aspects of Polish-German relations. Trade and the structures of the two countries’ European trade partners were shown to be strongly correlated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In turn, using the chi-square test of independence, it was also found that there is no statistically significant relationship between Germans residing in one of the former German states and maintaining contacts with Poland. A model for subjective analysis of relationships and influences was also proposed. Consequently, it is suggested that statistical methods should be used more frequently in the study of international relations as a complement to classical descriptive methods.

Racial Tropes in the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: A Computational Text Analysis

AbstractHow do racial stereotypes affect perceptions in foreign policy? Race and racism as topics have long been marginalized in the study of international relations but are receiving renewed attention. In this article we assess the role of implicit racial bias in internal, originally classified assessments by the US foreign policy bureaucracy during the Cold War. We use a combination of dictionary-based and supervised machine learning techniques to identify the presence of four racial tropes in a unique corpus of intelligence documents: almost 5,000 President's Daily Briefs given to Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford. We argue and find that entries about countries that the US deemed “racialized Others”—specifically, countries in the Global South, newly independent states, and some specific regional groupings—feature an especially large number of racial tropes. Entries about foreign developments in these places are more likely to feature interpretations that infantilize, invoke animal-based analogies, or imply irrationality or belligerence. This association holds even when accounting for the presence of conflict, the regime type of the country being analyzed, the invocation of leaders, and the topics being discussed. The article makes two primary contributions. First, it adds to the revival of attention to race but gives special emphasis to implicit racialized thinking and its appearance in bureaucratic settings. Second, we show the promise of new tools for identifying racial and other forms of implicit bias in foreign policy texts.

Some Trends in the Development of Regional Integration Processes in Southeast Asia in the 2020s.

This study discusses the long-term impact of the newly created institutions of the Indo-Pacific region (IPR) on the main regional integration institution of Southeast Asia (SEA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and assesses the consequences of the implementation of the IPR concept by ASEAN countries.Aim . Determine the main trends in the development of regional integration processes in Southeast Asia in the 2020s. in the context of the Indo-Pacific process.Tasks. Determine the role of SEA countries in the Indo-Pacific process; identify the nature of the influence of AUKUS on the development trends of the regional security architecture of SEA; establish the impact of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) on the sustainable economic development of SEA countries.Methods. The methodological basis of this study is based on general scientific methods (system analysis, forecasting), political science methods, approaches to the analysis of regional security complexes existing in international relations studies (B. Buzan [3], O. Waver [5], J. De Wilde [4], A. Acharya [2]) and to the analysis of regional economic integration and its stages (J. Pelkmans [10]).Results . The inclusion of ASEAN countries in the Indo-Pacific process initiated by the United States of America (USA) and its allies in the future in 2030 leadsto 1) an increase in military spending, which may indicate a reduction in the level of trust in the region, 2) a reduction in the rate of convergence of the economies of Southeast Asian countries, which may indicate a growing imbalance in the level of development of ASEAN countries.Conclusions . The implementation of the IPR concept by ASEAN countries leads to the erosion of the “ASEAN-centricity” of regional institutions in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as to the projected reduction in the effectiveness of ASEAN in achieving the goals of a regional integration institution, namely: 1) an increase in military spending in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region in the 2020s, including in the ASEAN countries, indicating about the declining level of trust in relations with the PRC, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of ASEAN diplomatic mechanisms to resolve existing disputes with China over the South China Sea; 2) the pace of catching-up development of poor Southeast Asian countries in the 2020s. are reduced, the implementation of IPEF will only be able to ensure some uneven economic growth in the most developed countries of Southeast Asia, it is becoming increasingly difficult for poor countries to catch up with the more developed countries of Southeast Asia in their level of economic development, and ASEAN’s goal of ensuring equitable economic development is becoming less achievable.

Was the result determined by disgruntled voters who did not go to the polls?

Üsküdar University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and International Relations (English) and Postcolonial Studies Application and Research Center (PAMER) Director Asst. Prof. Fehmi Ağca evaluated the results of the 31 March 2024 Local Administrations General Election.

The Relevance of Fiqh Siyasah Dauliyah and Religion as Indonesian Soft Power in International Relations

This study aims to discuss Indonesia's efforts to use moderate Islam as its new identity in global politics, especially after the events of 9/11. One of the Indonesian efforts is pursued through inter-faith and inter-civilizational dialogue. This research is library research with qualitative methods. The approaches used are historical, political, and Islamic perspectives in contemporary international relations studies, namely Fiqh Siyasah Dauliyah. The study results show that there are two main relevancies between the inter-faith and inter-civilizational dialogue with the principles concept of international relations based on fiqh siyasah dauliyah. First, diversity in Islam is stated as part of God's plan for the benefit of mankind. In this context, the various inter-faith and inter-civilizational dialogues organized by Indonesia are necessary conditions for promoting peace, tolerance, harmony, and religious coexistence in the world today. Second, the concept of dialogue between civilizations and between religions is based on the study of textual analysis and historical interpretation of the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah. In this case, the Al-Quran shows various examples of dialogue, one of which is contained in the Al-Quran Surah An-Nahl verse 125 which asks Muslims to show the best courtesy and wisdom when arguing with people of other religions. 
 
 Keywords: inter-faith dialogue; fiqh siyasah dauliyah; moderate Islam.

HISTORY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: A REVIEW ARTICLE

This literature review of a number of most cited Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles and a number other works delves into the interconnection between history and the discipline of International Relations (IR), with a focus on the Ottoman Empire. The connection between history and IR has been the subject of extensive academic investigation and discussion, as past events and processes have considerably impacted the theoretical and conceptual basis of IR. The study of IR has undergone significant transformations over time, with an increasing acknowledgement of the role of history in shaping the discipline's advancement. Consequently, many scholars have investigated how historical events have impacted IR theory and practice. This review article aims to explore the interaction between history and IR, using the Ottoman Empire as a case study. The Ottoman Empire is a valuable case for examining the relationship between history and IR since it was one of the most influential empires in world history, significantly shaping international politics during its time. Its legacy continues to impact contemporary debates on issues such as nationalism, sovereignty, and state-building. Overall, this review article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the intricate relationship between history and IR and points at the potential for further dialogue between the two fields.

Speaking Volumes: Introducing the UNGA Speech Corpus

Abstract Many theoretical conclusions core to the study of international politics rely on having access to, and understanding, the rhetoric of international actors. One important development in advancing the empirical study of international relations (IR) theory, therefore, is the availability of machine-analyzable speech data. A collection of fine-grained textual representations of states’ speeches in the context of an important international organization, such as the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), is needed to understand the ideas, preferences, and values that states put forth in their statements. An especially promising use for such a corpus of texts would be to measure states’ preferences based on their statements. In an effort to add to the burgeoning field of text-as-data in IR, I present the UNGA Speech Corpus, a collection of over 34,000 speeches delivered by states in the UNGA from 1993 to 2018. I use it to improve on recent work that links text to preferences in IR by combining a structural topic model with locally trained word embeddings to estimate the policy positions of states on specific topics. I then show how these “topic scores” can help scholars to improve their analyses of exigent international issues, such as global climate change governance.

Contextualizing the Contextualizers: How the Area Studies Controversy is Different in Different Places

Abstract As part of recent years’ efforts at reaching a more context- and diversity-sensitive study of international relations, the nexus between fields of IR and Area Studies (AS) has received a renewed attention. While AS is usually presented as the “contextualizer” of the disciplines, this forum reverses the perspective by suggesting that an awareness of both diversity and context is also relevant when it comes to understanding the evolution of the field of AS and its relations to IR. In this forum, a selection of scholars with diverse backgrounds (US, Middle East, Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Central Asia), different (inter)disciplinary trainings and regional orientations examines how various fields of AS and its relations to the disciplines vary, and what follows from a stronger attention to such kind of diversity. By contextualizing the contextualizers, the forum brings attention to how a context-sensitive field can also suffer from its own provincialism. While the US-centric narrative about AS might have been almost “hegemonic,” at closer inspection, it turns out that AS in different (sub)disciplinary and geographical settings have evolved differently, and in some places the so-called Area Studies controversy (ASC) has been almost absent. A broadening of the perspective also reveals how the challenges to a successful cross-fertilization are not limited to those outlined in the “classic” ASC, but the forum does simultaneously offer encouraging lessons on how dialogues between area specialists and discipline-oriented scholars can help to overcome epistemological, theoretical, or methodological blind spots. Rather than presenting the IR/AS nexus as a panacea per se, the aim of the forum is therefore to invite to a broader and more self-reflective discussion on some of the opportunities as well as challenges associated with this strategy for making the study of international relations more context-sensitive and attentive to different forms of diversity.

The Position of Cultural Diplomacy in Afghanistan s Foreign Policy (2001-2021)

In the new studies of international relations, culture; Application and importance have been found. This issue has made the clash of cultures unavoidable, especially in the era of globalization, when national borders are collapsing and the government's rule is under the influence of the technological revolution. Therefore, culture, values and industrial products, all of them have found political use today. The foreign policy apparatus of the governments are trying to create a positive, acceptable and attractive face for the world community by using cultural diplomacy. Cultural diplomacy helps countries to implement their international and domestic programs; Because in this way, the behavior and policies of the governments are justified and acceptable. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the extent of cultural diplomacy in Afghanistan's foreign policy. The main question is where is the position of cultural diplomacy in Afghanistan's foreign policy? The findings of his research, using the descriptive-analytical method, show that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country did not pay much attention to cultural diplomatic tools and did not use the media, civil society, and scholarships. Also, the country's tourism potential has been neglected.

Schier, S. E., & Eberly, T. E. (Eds.). (2022). The Trump Effect: Disruption and Its Consequences in US Politics and Government. Rowman & Littlefield, 181pp.

This book review aims to help readers examining the merit and demerit of the book edited by Schier and Eberly titled “The Trump Effect: Disruption and Its Consequences in US Politics and Government,” that was published in 2022. Trump’s administration had brought back the behavioural analysis in the International Relations study. The articles presented in the book illustrate how a leader’s agency can turned the course of domestic politics in democratic settings, as well as the global politics. How well the book convince its readers is the focus of our review.

Optimizing Academic Skills in International Relations Students through ESP: A Focus on Information Sharing with Active and Passive Voice

This research uses a qualitative approach to explore academic information-sharing skills among International Relations study program students. Through interviews with lecturers and students and classroom observations, this research observes interactions in learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) with a focus on teaching active and passive sentences. By applying the Miles and Huberman model analysis, this research found that teaching active and passive sentences in the ESP approach had a positive and significant impact on the development of various skills, including information sharing, communication, writing, conceptual understanding, critical thinking, as well as student participation and interaction skills, in the context of studying International Relations. This approach also creates a collaborative learning environment where students actively participate in discussions, interact with lecturers and fellow students, and share experiences and knowledge related to learning material. The results of this research consistently support the effectiveness of teaching active and passive sentences in the ESP approach in improving communication, writing, critical thinking skills, and student participation and interaction in the context of learning International Relations. The implications of this research can be the basis for developing curriculum and teaching methods that are more effective in enriching ESP learning for International Relations students.

Navigating Indonesia-United States relations, 1967-1969

Individuals not holding formal positions are often overlooked in studies of international relations, where the focus is generally on Heads of State, foreign ministers and accredited professionals attached to diplomatic services. Indeed, it is an anomaly for an individual, and certainly a non-national, to act as an envoy for one government, and for that intermediary to be attached great importance by another foreign government. Such an abnormality was Clive Williams, President Soeharto of Indonesia’s Australian Whisperer. Williams has never been mentioned in a single diplomatic, political or historical account of United States-Indonesia relations. But as shall be seen, he was an extremely effective and indispensable intermediary for both countries as they moved towards closer relations in the late 1960s. The practice of a non-national assisting a national leader in international affairs is a fascinating concept.