Findings Of Study Research Articles

The thin line: exploring sales job stress effects on disidentification and intention to quit

PurposeThis paper aims to ascertain the effects of stress in sales positions and the intention of employees to quit their jobs. The paper also places a distinct focus on unraveling the intricate mechanisms of organizational disidentification that underlie the connection between job stress and the intention to quit.Design/methodology/approachTo secure results of high precision and reliability, this study employed a convenient sampling approach to gather data from sales personnel in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). A total of 329 samples were meticulously gathered and subjected to analysis through partial structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SMART PLS 4.0. This method enabled the relationships between the variables, yielding invaluable insights for our research.FindingsThe study's findings emphasize a clear connection between job stress and the inclination to quit. The data indicates that heightened job stress increases the likelihood of employees contemplating job departure. Notably, the study unveils organizational disidentification as a crucial factor in this association. Essentially, when employees feel disconnected from their organization, they are more prone to job stress and consider leaving. The takeaway is evident: employers must prioritize employee well-being, foster a positive work environment and thereby diminish job stress to retain their valuable workforce.Research limitations/implicationsThe research makes it evident that job stress is leading employees to withdraw from social interactions and, in some cases, quit their jobs. To address this issue, organizations can lower dissatisfaction by supporting stress management initiatives and promoting a healthy environment. The study underscores the significance of adopting strategies and practices that instill a sense of pride in employees for being part of the organization. This approach not only helps in retaining top talent but also cultivates a more positive work environment.Originality/valueUncovering the nuanced relationship between job stress and the intention to quit is the primary goal of this study. What sets this research apart is its capability to illuminate the existence of organizational disidentification arising from stress in sales jobs.

Investigation of mechanical characteristics and sustainable practices in concrete incorporating recycled marble waste

Due to the rapid expansion of infrastructure, urbanization, and industry, there is a constant need for concrete worldwide. However, the expansion of the concrete sector increases pressure on natural resources, endangering the balance of the ecosystem. Thus, it would be advantageous to meet current concrete needs without reducing production quality by incorporating recycled materials into concrete mixes. In this work, we investigate the mechanical characteristics of environmentally friendly concrete using recycled marble powder (WMP) partially replacing cement and marble coarse aggregates (MCA) as an alternative to natural coarse aggregates. The qualities of the concrete were evaluated using a combination of destructive and non-destructive testing techniques. In this study, three series of mixes were prepared. The first series (S1) is composed of 100% natural coarse aggregates. In the second series (S2), 50% of the natural coarse aggregates are substituted for marble coarse aggregates, while the third series (S3) is composed of 100% marble coarse aggregates. In each of the three series, Marble powder was used in place of cement at a percentage ranging from 5% to 20%, increasing by 2.5%. Concrete mixes were developed and evaluated with different levels of marble waste substitution to compare their compressive strengths and workability to those of traditional concrete made from 100% natural aggregates. Simultaneously, the strength characteristics were measured using the Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic velocity tests. As was mentioned, in the three series, when Cement is replaced with marble powder, the slump decreases, even though the incorporation of marble coarse aggregates tends to increase this workability, while the compressive strength shows an increase of 28.66% and 31.63% compared to the control mix for 50% and 100% substitute of natural coarse aggregates with marble coarse aggregates, respectively. It is also noteworthy that concrete containing marble waste exhibits normal ultrasonic velocity. For concrete mixtures of series (S1), (S2), and (S3), respectively, the velocity of ultrasonic pulses increased by 18.20%, 27.44%, and 27.98%, while the Schmidt Rebound Number increased by 10.13%, 14.52%, and 21.37%, respectively, in contrast to the values of the control mixture. Additionally, the reliability of results from the universal testing machine (UTM) was validated through correlation analysis of compressive strength measurements obtained by various methods. The study's findings are intriguing and underscore the potential of employing marble waste as an alternative to natural aggregates.

Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia pada Produktivitas Kerja di Puskesmas

All individuals who operate actively and professionally in the health sector are considered health human resources, regardless of whether they have earned formal health education or not. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the Health Center's HR management implementation strategy. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Purposive sampling, nonprobability sampling, or a sampling strategy based on particular criteria were used to choose the study participants. Documentation, interviews, and observation are some of the data collection techniques. The study's findings show that the HR development management communication components and the recommendations for the Health Center HR development policy have been successfully applied. Even with the improvement in quality, there are still a number of barriers preventing resources from being used efficiently.

The Use and influence of Learning Analytics in Higher Educational Institutions: A Mediation Model of Student Attainment between Student Retention and Student Employability.

Purpose: The goals of this article are to (1) identify factors influencing Learning Analytics in Bengaluru HEIs and (2) examine the mediating role of Student Attainment in the relationship between Student Retention and Student Employability in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach – This research assembles and synthesizes data on the application of learning analytics. Learning analytics is the subject of empirical studies, including Public and private higher education institutions in Bengaluru were each sent one of 485 questionnaires. In total, 450 Chancellery, Dean, HOD, and Directors participated and completed the survey. Thirteen questionnaires were eliminated from the analysis because of missing data or outliers discovered during the data screening process. We could sift through 437 surveys, making up the final sample. The study runs SEM analysis using the maximum likelihood method to test the causal relationship between learning analytics factors. The impact of retention as the independent variable (exogenous) on student employability as the dependent variable (endogenous) was tested along with attainment as a mediator between these two variables. Findings: Evidence demonstrates how learning analytics may assist educational institutions in making better use of data for decision-making. The findings revealed that retention significantly indirectly affects Employability through Attainment. Attainment is significantly mediating between Retention and Employability. Since both standardized direct and indirect paths have a p-value below 0.05, thus, it is confirmed that attainment partially mediates the relationship between Retention and Employability of the students. Originality/value: The current study has explored retention, attainment, and employability as the critical factors that must be considered before applying Learning Analytics in Higher Educational Institutions. The research results confirmed that students' employability is significantly influenced by retention and attainment. Educational institutions and academics, particularly those working in open and distance settings, should use the study's findings to stay abreast of this developing subject and provide the groundwork for further research.

Enhanced corrosion protection of copper in saline environments using bio-nanocomposite coatings based on chitosan and chitosan Schiff base

An in-depth study focuses on developing new environmentally friendly bio-nanocomposites, by incorporating SrTiO3 (STO) ceramic nanoparticles into matrices of chitosan and its derivatives, aiming to use them as protective coatings against corrosion. The various stages of this study include the cross-linking of chitosan, the synthesis of Schiff base chitosan, the cross-linking of Schiff base chitosan, and the preparation of nanocomposite coatings. The coatings' structure and composition were analyzed using different methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM-EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) measurements were carried out to assess the inhibitory efficacy of chitosan crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (Cs-Ep), epichlorohydrin-crosslinked chitosan-salicylaldehyde Schiff base (CS-S-Ep) and CS-Ep-STO and CS-S-Ep-STO nanocomposite coatings, as well as the long-term protection durability of CS-S-Ep-STO. These techniques revealed a significant reduction in corrosion current density after chemical modification of chitosan and incorporation of SrTiO3 (STO) nanoparticles into CS-Ep and CS-S-Ep matrices, confirming a notable improvement in the inhibitory efficiency of these coatings against copper corrosion in a saline environment. Computational modeling methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT), Molecular Dynamics (MD), and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations reinforced these results by demonstrating efficient adsorption of CS-S-Ep-STO nanocomposites on metal surfaces through the interaction with heteroatoms present in the functional groups (-C=N-, -C-O-, -OH) and STO nanoparticles. The present study's findings provide key information for developing innovative protective coatings, highlighting the potential of chitosan-based nanocomposites and derivatives, particularly with SrTiO3 incorporation, in mitigating metal surface corrosion in aggressive environments.

THE CULTURE OF ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BERNARD SPOLSKY'S LANGUAGE POLICY

<p><em>This article examines the culture of Arabic language learning through the perspective of Bernard Spolsky's language policy. Spolsky defines language policy as language practice, language belief, and language management. In the context of Arabic language learning, language policy includes the implementation of appropriate curricula, effective teaching methods, and sustainable management of education. </em><em>This research uses qualitative studies. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. To perform data analysis, researchers use analytical theory according to Miles and Hiberman by condensing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. At the data validity checking stage, researchers used triangulation methods and peer discussions.The study's findings are as follows: First, the ministry of religion's policy teaching materials are implemented using the minister of religious affairs' decree number 183 of 2019, and the administration of both madrasas construct learning plans, selecting appropriate learning media and methods. In madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Malang, the concept is similar. In developing learning activities, there involves planning for learning. Second, in both madrasas, the actuality of studying Arabic is based on the 2013 curriculum. And the ministry of religion's policy in the field to be more innovative and intensive on learning Arabic, as well as the idea of dimadrasah Aliyah negeri 2 Malang for arabic language learning to be done in a network or from home.</em><em></em></p>

Effectiveness of autism training program introduction at primary health care (PHC) level

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a public health issue in many countries especially in developing countries. Family members who have a toddler with ASD face significant physical, emotional, and financial challenges. Early detection is crucial to achieve improvement in children with ASD. Objectives: The aim of the current research is to study the implementation of a training program for Autism in 4 health care facilities and to evaluate its initial outcomes. Methodology: An interventional study conducted among 63 health care workers dealing with children 18-30 months in 4 health care facilities (2 urban health care facilities and 2 rural health care facilities) in Giza governorate. A tailored autism health education message as well as training on using the Arabic validated version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) were provided to the HCWs. Results: 58.7% of participating primary health care workers (HCWs) had a satisfactory level of awareness about childhood autism prior to the intervention, and 71.4% had a satisfactory level of understanding following it. When comparing the study subjects' pre-intervention knowledge scores to their post-intervention knowledge scores, there was a statistically significant improvement in their knowledge about autism (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study's findings validate the value of specialized training programs in raising healthcare workers' awareness of childhood autism. Recommendations: Incorporation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within the educational curriculum of medical and nursing schools and ongoing education and training in ASD for health care workers.

EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN DANIELLE STEEL'S A PERFECT LIFE

This study explores the use of expressive speech acts in Danielle Steel’s novel A Perfect Life, aiming to uncover how these acts contribute to character development and narrative progression. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence and functions of expressive speech acts—such as expressions of pleasure, pain, joy, sorrow, like, dislike, and apology—within the text. The theoretical framework is grounded in speech act theory, particularly focusing on expressive speech acts as defined by J. L. Austin and further developed by John Searle. This research employs a qualitative approach to dissect and categorize the expressive language used by the novel’s main characters. The analysis reveals a notable dominance of dislike and apology among the expressive speech acts, with a lesser focus on pain, joy, and pleasure. Dislike emerges as the most frequently utilized act, reflecting significant emotional and narrative weight in the characters' interactions. The study's findings suggest that expressive speech acts are crucial in conveying emotional depth and relational dynamics within the novel. The implications of this research highlight the role of expressive speech acts in enhancing narrative engagement and character development. Understanding these dynamics offers valuable insights for literary analysis and can inform future studies on character expression in fiction. The study anticipates that further research could explore the comparative application of expressive speech acts across different genres and authors, expanding the understanding of emotional expression in literature.

Assessment of the Impact of Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Self-efficacy on Senior High School Learners’ Mathematics Proficiency

Aim: The purpose of this study was to provide insights into the specific ways in which teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and self-efficacy impact the mathematics proficiency of senior high school students. Methods: The study employed positivism quantitative research approach and a descriptive design. The study sample size was 178 comprising 152 Home Economics students and 26 mathematics teachers. The sample members were chosen for the study using purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire and a test of mathematical proficiency were used to gather data. In this work, a basic linear regression model and descriptive statistics were employed as data analysis tools. Results: The study's findings indicate that teachers have a relatively high level of pedagogical content knowledge, with mean scores ranging from 2.88 to 3.69; 2). The study also discovered that teachers have a relatively high level of self-efficacy, with mean scores ranging from 2.88 to 3.69; 3). Additionally, the findings of the simple linear regression analysis did not show a significant correlation between the pedagogical content knowledge, self-efficacy, and students mathematics test performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and self-efficacy have no significant impact on senior high school learners’ mathematics proficiency. This therefore implies that other elements, such as student background variables, school resources, or educational practices, may have a greater impact on students' mathematical success. Recommendation: The study recommended that future studies use more complete measures of teacher dedication and other factors that may affect student outcomes to examine the association between teacher traits and student accomplishment in mathematics education.

Interactive effects of intangible cultural heritage and tourism development: a study based on the data panel PVAR model and coupled coordination model

AbstractExploring the coordination and analysis of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and tourism development is a key issue in advancing cultural heritage and conservation in Chinese society. This paper employs panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2013 to 2022, utilizing the coupled coordination degree model and the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. In terms of provinces and regions, the data investigates the development relationship between intangible cultural heritage and tourism. The results of the study are: 1. The degree of coupling coordination between the two has shown an increasing trend over the ten-year sample data period. In 2021 and 2022, COVID-19 will have a stronger negative impact on the coupling degree. 2. The eastern coastal provinces of China, as well as the municipal areas, have a higher level of coupling coordination. Inland provinces, such as those in central and western China, exhibit relatively lower levels of coordination. The PVAR model data reveals a positive correlation between the interactions generated by intangible cultural heritage. The development of intangible cultural heritage has a particular impact on tourism. Intangible cultural heritage, in turn, depends on its own development. We should strengthen the development of intangible cultural heritage in the future. The study's findings provide theoretical references for the coordinated development of intangible cultural heritage and tourism in China.

The in vitro Study of the Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Mentha Extract with Alum on the Growth of Streptococcus mutans

: Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating the search for novel therapeutic approaches. Streptococcus mutans, a key etiological agent in dental caries, requires innovative strategies due to its biofilm-forming ability and resistance to conventional antibiotics. Natural plant-derived compounds have garnered attention as potential antimicrobial agents with a low risk of resistance development. In this study, we investigated the synergistic antibacterial effect of a hydroalcoholic Mentha extract combined with alum against Streptococcus mutans (PTCC 16836). The well diffusion assay demonstrated that alum exhibited a larger inhibition zone diameter (12.04 ± 2.02 mm) compared to the hydroalcoholic Mentha extract (10.33 ± 1.53 mm). However, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the hydroalcoholic Mentha extract (8.20 ± 5.57 mg/mL) and alum (0.35 ± 0.20 mg/mL) were comparable. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the hydroalcoholic Mentha extract was 10 mg/mL, while the MBC for alum was 0.625 ± 0.006 mg/mL. The combination of these substances demonstrated a synergistic effect, indicating enhanced antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The study's findings suggest potential applications in dentistry, offering a natural and effective adjunctive treatment for dental caries management. The underlying mechanisms of this synergistic effect warrant further exploration. To translate these promising findings into clinical applications, further in vivo investigations and rigorously designed clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of this combination therapy. The natural origin of these substances may provide an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective approach in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

EDUCATION IN KASTAMONU ACCORDING TO EDUCATION YEARBOOKS AND PROVINCE YEARBOOKS (1869-1903)

Yearbooks, which are first-hand sources, are important for obtaining information about the Ottoman education system. This study aims to reveal the educational status in Kastamonu province between 1869 and 1903, which aligns with the data in the Kastamonu Provincial Yearbooks and Education Yearbooks. The first publication of the Kastamonu Provincial Yearbook was in 1869, and the last was in 1903. Education Yearbooks were published between 1899 and 1903. It is known that Kastamonu provincial yearbooks were not published every year. Although they occur at different intervals, twenty-one Kastamonu Provincial Yearbooks and five Education Yearbooks, excluding the Education Yearbook of 1902, are the main data sources in the study. Data in the study was collected using the document review method and subjected to descriptive analysis. Historical research was used as the study method. In the years examined, educational institutions understood to exist in Kastamonu province are primary schools, middle schools, high schools, industrial schools, and schools for non-Muslims. The change in the number of students and teachers in educational institutions over the years is also among the study's important findings.

Analyzing the Impact of the Knowledge Management Process on the Banking Sector Performance: By Using the Partial Least Square Method

ABSTRACTThe essence of this investigation was to elucidate the impact of knowledge management practices (KMP)—namely knowledge storage (KS), knowledge creation (KC), and knowledge application (KA)—on the performance dynamics of the banking sector in Yemen. Leveraging the partial least squares (PLS) method for analysis, this study scrutinized responses from 380 employees across Yemeni banks, revealing a significant and positive correlation between these knowledge management dimensions and the sector's performance metrics. Key to this study's findings is the assertion that KMP serves as a cornerstone for bolstering efficiency and competitiveness within Yemen's banking institutions. Notably, this research brings to light the pivotal roles played by both human capital and technological advancements in optimizing knowledge management processes. These factors collectively facilitate the sector's adaptability and responsiveness to the ever‐evolving financial landscape.

Enhancing Perinatal Cannabis Use Counseling: Insights From Taiwan's Addiction Treatment Practice

ABSTRACTThis letter responds to Cernat et al.'s study on counseling about cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation, drawing parallels with addiction treatment practices in Taiwan. We highlight the importance of open, non‐judgmental approaches and harm reduction strategies in counseling pregnant women with substance use disorders. Our experience at a psychiatric center in Taiwan emphasizes the need for continuous counseling throughout pregnancy and postpartum, particularly given the observed increase in cannabis use among new mothers. We support the study's emphasis on exploring patients' perceived benefits from cannabis use and addressing underlying reasons for use. By integrating insights from qualitative studies on patient perspectives, we have improved patient engagement and outcomes in our practice. This commentary underscores the global relevance of the study's findings and calls for continued research to bridge the gap between clinician and patient experiences in perinatal cannabis use counseling.

Evaluation of Preclinical Class I Amalgam Cavity Preparation: A Comparison of Two Assessment Methods

Preclinical assessment forms an effective strategy in undergraduate training. It enhances the continuous development of skills, facilitates early intervention, and optimizes training resources. Constructive feedback provided to the student fosters continuous improvement in preparedness for professional practice and has implications for the development of a learning culture characterized by student activity. This indeed ensures that a smooth transition will be made toward clinical application of skills. The aim of the study was to evaluate examiner`s reliabilities while applying two different assessment methods: a Glance and Grade assessment method and a Checklist and Criteria assessment method. A total of 100 class I amalgam cavity preparations were assessed by three independent examiners to evaluate Class I amalgam cavity preparations on artificial first mandibular molar teeth prepared by second-year undergraduate dental students in a preclinical laboratory setting. Statistical analysis for inter-examiner and intra-examiner variability was tested using one-way ANOVA test and a paired t-test, respectively. Results of this study showed that intra-examiner variability was significantly reduced with Checklist and Criteria assessment method. The inter-examiner variability was present in a Glance and Grade assessment method while with the Checklist and Criteria assessment method, there was an extremely high level of agreement among the examiners. The study's findings indicated considerable variability among examiners using the Glance and Grade assessment method. However, the Checklist and Criteria assessment method demonstrated remarkable consistency among examiners, indicating that it may offer a more standardized and reliable approach to evaluation.

Changing Nature of Consumer Values Toward Negative Word of Mouth: Voice and Risk Avoidance as Moderators

ABSTRACTGiven the increasing role of word of mouth (WOM), and primarily the impact of negative WOM on the decision‐making of today's retail consumers, it is essential to understand the changing nature of consumer values (monetary, functional, emotional and social), emotion and attitude toward negative WOM. The current study's data were collected using two online surveys in 2015 and 2019, with 290 participants in Study 1 and 201 in Study 2. The intention behind using two different time points over a 4‐year span was to capture the differences in consumers' views over the two periods. The study's findings suggested that social and emotional values remained unchanged; however, monetary and functional values changed over time. Interestingly, attitudes altered toward complaining, although the relationships between taking external action and negative WOM were unchanged in both studies. Consumers raising their voice and consumers' risk‐taking attributes were found to be significant moderators in Study 1 but not in Study 2. The findings provide useful insights into the negative WOM literature and have implications for marketing practitioners, as highlighted in the paper's conclusion.

Community Value Co-Creation as a Catalyst for Village Tourism Sustainability: A New Paradigm

The purpose of this study is to propose a new conceptual model for tourism marketing management science, focusing on the perspective of the head of the tourist village manager to achieve village tourism sustainability. This study employs a quantitative approach and includes data from 140 respondents. The data pertains to the green environment mindset, local wisdom, community co-creation, and sustainable tourist villages. A quantitative research method was utilized in this study, with the head of the tourist village manager representing Indonesia. Data collected from 140 tourist village managers were analyzed using Smart PLS-4. This study's main findings emerged from the mediation hypothesis test results. Increasing community value co-creation, supported by the green environment mindset and local wisdom, contributed to sustainable tourist villages. This study adopts the perspective of service-dominant logic.

Investigation of the impact of utilizing PCM into a coil in a single-pass air heater (experimental study)

This study aims to design, build, and assess the SAH's performance with an integrated enhanced phase-change material (PCM) absorber storage system. Using materials found locally, two single-pass solar air heaters were designed and produced for this study. The first solar heater was made without phase change material (Conventional SAH), and the second included PCM by adding paraffin wax to the coil tube (Improved SAH). In February, March, and April of 2024, real - results were carried out on the air heaters in Mosul city, Iraq. At a mass flow rate of 0.0147 kg/s, the experiments were conducted with and without a PCM system. As opposed to the first case without PCM, the study's findings indicated that the air temperature outside of the heater increased significantly in the second case with (the addition of paraffin wax). The highest recorded outlet temperatures in February, March, and April for both cases were (39.5, 50.7 °C), (49.4,58.9°C), and (57.4,70.6°C). To compare the efficiencies of the SAHs for both instances (Conventional and Improved), the efficiency of the improved SAH is higher than the efficiency of conventional SAH, such as (48.1% and 68.32 %), (58.6% and 72.8%), and (67.1% and 86.47%) in February, March, and April.

Brand Trust, Perceived Quality, and Parental Decision-Making: A Study of International School Selection in Chiang Mai

Background and Aim: This research investigates the factors influencing parents' decision-making process when choosing international schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. With the increasing popularity of international education in Thailand, understanding the key determinants of school choice is crucial for both parents and educational institutions. This study focuses on the impact of brand trust and perceived brand quality on parental decision-making, aiming to provide valuable insights for school operators and stakeholders to develop competitive strategies and enhance educational services. Materials and Methods: The study employs a quantitative research design with a convenience sampling technique. Data is collected from parents of children attending or considering 21 international schools in Chiang Mai through a structured online questionnaire. The questionnaire assesses brand trust, perceived brand quality, and their influence on the school choice decision-making process. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the relationships between these variables. Results: The findings reveal that both brand trust and perceived brand quality significantly influence parental decision-making. Brand trust emerges as the strongest predictor, indicating that parents prioritize the credibility and reputation of international schools. Perceived brand quality also plays a crucial role, as parents associate high-quality brands with superior educational outcomes. The study demonstrates that these two factors collectively account for a substantial portion of the variance in parental choices. Conclusion: This research confirms the importance of brand management for international schools in Chiang Mai Province. By focusing on building brand trust and enhancing perceived brand quality, schools can effectively attract and retain students. The study's findings offer valuable guidance for school administrators and marketers in developing targeted strategies to meet the evolving needs and expectations of parents in the international education market.

Strategies of Effective Online Teaching and Learning in Vocational Computer Programming Education

Background and Aim: This research analyzes the existing issues with online teaching and learning in vocational computer programming education, devises strategies for online teaching and learning, and then implements and adjusts these strategies to confirm their effectiveness. The expected strategies for effective online teaching and learning proposed in this study include nine aspects: The study focuses on the following nine aspects: 1) the informatization teaching ability of teachers; 2) the autonomous learning ability of students; 3) the interaction between online teaching and learning; 4) the course content; 5) the teaching resource; 6) the teaching design; 7) the learning engagement; 8) school policy support; and 9) the online teaching and learning platform. Methodology: The sample consisted of 21 experts with qualified Delphi requirements from high vocational colleges in Guangxi, as well as 60 computer program students in their second year of study. Research instruments include an open-ended interview and Likert scale questionnaire, as well as data analysis using median, mode, interquartile range, percentage, and descriptive analysis. Results: The research results found that online teaching and learning in vocational computer programming education in aspects were at a medium-high level; after implementing and readjusting the strategies, the effectiveness of online classes was comparable to that of traditional classes. The research results summarized 80 strategies and suggestions for online teaching and learning in vocational computer programming education and put forward a discussion of the future development trend. Conclusion: The study's findings show that, with some strategic modifications, online instruction in vocational computer programming education achieved a medium-high effectiveness that was on par with traditional classroom settings. The study also offered eighty strategies and insights for the advancement of online education in this field in the future.