Russian Studies Research Articles

History of the Study of Traditional Clothing of the Krasnoufim Mari (18th-20th Centuries)

The Krasnoufim Mari is a group of Ural Mari people, whose traditional clothing was marked by bright originality. They attracted the attention of travelers, researchers, local historians, ethnographers, art historians. The costume of the Ural Mari was repeatedly described by researchers of the 18th-19th centuries, and in the 20th-21st centuries it was the object of study of both Russian and Finnish ethnographers of different generations. The earliest evidences about the costume of the Ural Mari left by P.S. Pallas. In the 19th century the clothing of Mari people of Krasnoufimsky uyezd was described by G. Gorodskoy (V.N. Shishonko), S. Som-mier, D.P. Nikolsky. In the twentieth century the costume of this group of Mari ethnos was studied by T.E. Evseviev, S.N. Shitova, T.L. Molotova, as well as by A.O. Heikel and I. Lehtinen. In the 20th centure only one article devoted to the clothing of the Krasnoufim Mari people was published, and in the 21st century a number of richly illustrated articles and editions were published, the chapters of which were devoted to the costume of the Ural Mari people. Some of them are based on the materials collected in the Krasnoufim District of the Sverdlovsk Region. Three main bodies of sources on the topic were grouped by the researchers of the 18th-21st centuries: texts; collections of clothing items; photo-documents. In this article the history of formation of all three groups of sources is considered, as they were interrelated and represented often only different parts of a single research process.

Urban Space and Its Structural Components Study in Russian Historiography

The article examines the historiography of studies devoted to various components of urban space and approaches to its study in Russian historical urban studies. It is noted that in most of the studies on the history of the city, the urban space is considered only partially, from the point of view of a separate aspect, which often does not allow to form a complete picture. The authors trace the formation of modern trends in the study of the city as a historical phenomenon, highlight the main components of the concept of "urban space", the study of which together allows you to make a synthetic description of the city space and trace its changes in the historical perspective, such as natural landscape conditions, development, zoning, culture, as well as the activities of the citizens themselves. Each of these aspects contains a separate layer of characteristics that are significant for understanding urban space. From the point of view of the historical process, the importance of each of these components for the representativeness of research findings is traced. The importance of multidimensional analysis of the city's space to identify patterns of historical development is emphasized. The conclusions reflect the main trends in the study of urban space in different periods.

Local communities as а tool for urban conflict resolution

A modern city is a concentration of a whole range of diverse processes and activities, residents with different needs, traditions and beliefs. The city is also an arena of clashing economic, political and social interests. Urban development trends are expressed both in the need for centralized determination of the direction of urban environment, and public demand for greater civic engagement. Accordingly, conflicts cannot be avoided, but it is important not to accept this obvious truth, but to create a tradition of constant thoughtful analysis of ongoing processes, identifying causes and searching for solutions. As awareness of the importance of collective efforts in creating a comfortable urban environment grows, knowledge about the approaches and public technologies used to resolve urban conflicts becomes more in demand. One of the effective tools for resolving urban conflicts are local communities created on sub-municipal territories within the city boundaries. However, the effectiveness of this tool depends on the proper organization of intra-urban communities and provision of legal guarantees for their functioning. This study is carried out using a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, implying the analysis of urban development and urban environment through the prism of law. The study of Russian and foreign doctrinal sources, along with normative legal acts and materials of judicial and law enforcement practice, allows to form a sufficient picture of the state of urban conflictology and substantiate the role of local communities in their resolution.

Практика дистанционного консультирования очевидцев события диспетчерами экстренных служб по вопросам оказания первой помощи: предложения по совершенствованию нормативно-правовой базы

Summary. The objectives of the study are to examine the international experience in the sphere of normative-legal regulation of the practice of remote counseling of eyewitnesses of an event by first aid emergency dispatchers, to assess the existing legal prerequisites for the introduction of the first aid dispatcher service in our country and to determine the priority directions of improvement of the domestic normative-legal base in order to create conditions for the successful implementation of the practice in the Russian Federation at the federal level. Materials and research methods. A search of scientific literature on the topic of the study in Russian and English by combinations of keywords was performed in 2023. Additional search was carried out in the bibliographic lists of the publications included in the review. The search and analysis of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation was carried out with the help of reference legal systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. Results of the study and their analysis. The authors have formulated and proposed for discussion by the professional community a number of normative proposals aimed at the systematic organization and ensuring the effective implementation of first aid dispatcher service practice in the Russian Federation at the federal level.

Russian Studies on Clouds and Precipitation in 2019–2022

Russian Studies on Clouds and Precipitation in 2019–2022

Cовременные методические подходы к оценке риска здоровью населения от воздействия химических веществ

The methodology for analyzing health risks caused by exposure to chemical pollutants in the environmental has been widely implemented; this creates some new priority challenges to be considered and tackled. The article identifies basic stages in the development of the methodology for assessing health risks caused by environmental pollution in the Russian Federation. Guides on risk analysis as well as some monographs published in Russia describe a strategic role that belongs to health risk analysis in providing sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of the country population. We have analyzed modern trends in the development of the methodology for assessing public health risks caused by exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment. The article generalizes basic approaches recommended in foreign and Russian studies that are applied to increase quality of research in the field, to reduce uncertainties in calculations, as well as to find new ways of health risk quantification. The number of chemicals registered on the global scale over the last 65 years has been estimated. The article also provides generalized information on computerized and information systems (CIS) and databases (DB) that contain data on parameters of assessing health risks caused by various chemical exposures including leading world systems that allow assessing health harm caused by chemical exposure (calculation of an additional number of adverse health outcomes due to chemical exposure etc.). We have also summarized various reasons for underestimating public health risks and described several methodological approaches employed in research that make it possible to minimize underestimation of health hazards and reduce uncertainties of obtained results. The methodology for assessing health risks caused by harmful chemical pollutants in the environment is a complex systemic process. On the one hand, it involves the necessity to provide the maximum possible profound description of complexity of chemical environmental pollution; on the other hand, it should give a more comprehensive insight into possible nature and consequences of adverse effects produced by identified chemicals directly on the human body and indirectly on significant socioeconomic indicators of the society development. The aim of this study was to identify modern methodological approaches applied to assess public health risks due to chemical exposures and ways to reduce uncertainties of research results.

Russian Studies of Atmospheric Electricity in 2019–2022

This review contains the most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 2019–2022. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciencesto the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was presented and approved at the XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)2.The review is followed by a list of the main published works on the studies of atmospheric electricity of Russian scientists in 2019–2022.

Russian Studies on Clouds and Precipitation in 2019–2022

Results of Russian studies on cloud physics, precipitation, and weather modification in 2015–2018 are presented based on a survey prepared for the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Results concerning general issues of observation and modeling of clouds and precipitation, including convective clouds, issues of studying microphysical and optical characteristics of clouds, and weather modification are discussed.

Modern methodological approaches to assessing public health risks due to chemicals exposure

The methodology for analyzing health risks caused by exposure to chemical pollutants in the environmental has been widely implemented; this creates some new priority challenges to be considered and tackled. The article identifies basic stages in the development of the methodology for assessing health risks caused by environmental pollution in the Russian Federation. Guides on risk analysis as well as some monographs published in Russia describe a strategic role that belongs to health risk analysis in providing sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of the country population. We have analyzed modern trends in the development of the methodology for assessing public health risks caused by exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment. The article generalizes basic approaches recommended in foreign and Russian studies that are applied to increase quality of research in the field, to reduce uncertainties in calculations, as well as to find new ways of health risk quantification. The number of chemicals registered on the global scale over the last 65 years has been estimated. The article also provides generalized information on computerized and information systems (CIS) and databases (DB) that contain data on parameters of assessing health risks caused by various chemical exposures including leading world systems that allow assessing health harm caused by chemical exposure (calculation of an additional number of adverse health outcomes due to chemical exposure etc.). We have also summarized various reasons for underestimating public health risks and described several methodological approaches employed in research that make it possible to minimize underestimation of health hazards and reduce uncertainties of obtained results. The methodology for assessing health risks caused by harmful chemical pollutants in the environment is a complex systemic process. On the one hand, it involves the necessity to provide the maximum possible profound description of complexity of chemical environmental pollution; on the other hand, it should give a more comprehensive insight into possible nature and consequences of adverse effects produced by identified chemicals directly on the human body and indirectly on significant socioeconomic indicators of the society development. The aim of this study was to identify modern methodological approaches applied to assess public health risks due to chemical exposures and ways to reduce uncertainties of research results.

Russian Studies on Atmospheric Electricity in 2019–2022

Russian Studies on Atmospheric Electricity in 2019–2022

The Terminological Thesaurus by M. M. Bakhtin in Modern Russian Dostoevsky Studies

The article examines the methodological aspects of the use of M. M. Bakhtin’s terminological thesaurus in modern Dostoevsky studies. The principal focus is on the instrumental application of the typical “Bakhtin formulas”: polyphony, the concept of genres, the confessional character of Dostoevsky’s word, chronotope, context of understanding, menippea, etc. It is noted that some of them are used discretely, that is, outside of their systemic connections with Bakhtin’s heritage as a whole. To one degree or another, they are taken into account in line with Russian ethnopoetics, in which the Bakhtin problem is actualized in the Orthodox context of Russian culture; it is noted that “Bakhtin” serves as the connection between Dostoevsky and the religious and philosophical tradition. Despite the fact that the discourse of a number of works provokes a possible transition to Bakhtin’s context of understanding Dostoevsky, the “absence” of Bakhtin is also significant in them, along with his ritual quoting. Bakhtin’s legacy remains an important philosophical and cultural stage in the study of Dostoevsky in Russian literary studies.

Углекислый газ: проблемы нормирования, контроля и профилактики неблагоприятного воздействия в образовательных организациях

This article is a review of data published in Russian and foreign studies that reflect current problems concerning content of carbon dioxide in spaces of residential and public buildings, including children's educational organizations. We consider: mechanisms of action of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on the human body, which manifests as acute and delayed disruptions of metabolic processes in circulatory, central and respiratory systems; existing carbon dioxide content measurement methods used for indoor spaces; principles of setting microclimate and air quality standards for temporarily and constantly occupied indoor spaces and the respective parameter control principles. This analytical review revealed the need for standard-setting efforts, development and approval of a methodology enabling measurement of the actual carbon dioxide concentration in children's educational institutions, since routine measures adopted for the purpose lack in effectiveness or realization, which prevents normalization and stabilization of all qualitative and quantitative air parameters at the levels making the environment of a classroom safe and optimal for education-related activities given high occupancy of the space.

Lexical units nominating women in the paremias about the gender inequality of the Russian language

Russian linguistic and cultural community gender stereotypes reflecting the inequality between men and women in the Russian linguistic and cultural community, verbalized by the paremias of the Russian language; the subject of the study are such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother—in-law". The material under study forms part of the national picture of the world, of which the paremic corpus is a part. Special attention is paid to the verbalization of gender stereotypes in the studied parodies. The aim of the study is to describe the lexical units that nominate women and are used as part of the Russian language related thematically to the linguistic markers of gender inequality. The relevance of this study is determined by both linguistic and extralinguistic parameters. The first group includes an interest in the linguistic and cultural analysis of the paremiological fund, including in a comparative aspect. The second group of factors includes a social demand to satisfy the need to understand the mentality of representatives of the Russian linguistic culture. The following methods were used in this article: systematization, generalization, description, semantic analysis, conceptual analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents in a generalized form gender stereotypes that take place in the Russian language community and which are verbalized in paremias with nominating components "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law", indicating a social role of a woman (wife, mother, mother-in-law, daughter). The main conclusions of the study are the following : historically, the Russian linguistic and cultural community has developed a pejorative view of a woman as a member of society. Russian language parodies with such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law" most often actualize negative connotations that are expressed at the explicit level. This is confirmed by currently existing Russian gender studies, which show that there are certain patterns of male and female verbal behavior in the Russian language, the differences in which are probabilistic in nature.

Психолого-педагогические основы развития гражданской идентичности в процессе профессионального образования в высшей школе

The formation and development of civic identity are one of the important tasks of the education system and upbringing of youth. Modern education in general faces serious challenges and problems in the formation of social and civic identities among the younger generation. The purpose of this article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the methodological foundations of the formation of civil identity and present the main directions and stages of its development in the educational and extracurricular educational process in higher education. The content of the article substantiates the need for scientific development of the phenomenon being studied on the basis of psychological and pedagogical methodology. The problems of the formation of civic identity in Russian and foreign studies are considered. The authors present a theoretical analysis of the concepts of “civic education” and “civic identity” as polyscientific and interdisciplinary categories, on the basis of which the structure of a person’s civic identity is constructed, consisting of cognitive, emotional, value and behavioral components. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on the theoretical analysis carried out, the work identifies and illustrates in the form of a model the main markers of the formation of civic identity, focusing on which allows us to develop and introduce into the educational process educational technologies to support the development of civic identity among modern youth. The content of the article highlights and substantiates the main stages and forms of development of students' civic identity at different stages of education. In conclusion, it is noted that the process of civil self-determination of young people is a strategically important goal in shaping the security of the Russian state. A special role and mission for the implementation of the technology for the formation of civil identity is assigned to the teacher. Of course, to implement educational technologies, it is necessary, first of all, to work with the teaching corps of representatives of higher education, with the civic consciousness of the teaching staff, who form and develop the human capital of the country’s future generations.

Russian Climate Research in 2019–2022

The results of Russian studies of climate and its changes (published in 2019–2022) are presented based on a review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Berlin, Germany, July 11–20, 2023).

Russian Studies of Planetary Atmospheres in 2019–2022

Russian Studies of Planetary Atmospheres in 2019–2022

Russian Studies of Atmospheric Ozone and Its Precursors in 2019–2022

Russian Studies of Atmospheric Ozone and Its Precursors in 2019–2022

Russian Studies of the Middle Atmosphere in 2019–2022

A review of the results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2019–2022 prepared by the Commission of the Middle Atmosphere of the Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences Section (MASS) of the Russian National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Germany, 2023)* is presented.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF A COMPANY IN THE PARADIGM OF FUZZY LOGIC

The theory of economic resilience is actively developing in Russian and foreign scientific studies. Most of them lack a comprehensive approach to the issue of resilience, the ability to assess the behaviour of economic systems under conditions of uncertainty and to offer optimal solutions to ensure the resilience of economic systems (enterprises, industries) in difficult conditions. It is necessary to develop optimal algorithms for managing economic systems under adverse effects (AE) of a natural, technological, or military nature. The article describes the method of managing economic resilience in three-dimensional spaces: ‘stability – efficiency’, ‘risk – efficiency’, and ‘chance – efficiency’. The results of three approaches to resilience management are compared.It can be tentatively assumed that the stability of an individual company is ensured if the economic stability index RI exceeds the level of 0.6 and the return on equity is at least 20% per annum. More generally, in the ‘resilience – efficiency’ space, the domain of stable states of the enterprise is described by a fuzzy parabolic R lens. In the ‘risk – efficiency’ and ‘chance – efficiency’ domains, the space of optimal solutions is represented by a set of non-dominated Pareto alternatives, united by a fuzzy parabolic efficient bound of the solution portfolio set. The organisation can control its level of economic resilience within multiple representations and act according to a predetermined plan in the event of a temporary loss of resilience. The research is original, using the methods of fuzzy set theory and soft computing. A technology has been proposed to ensure the economic resilience of systems operating in difficult conditions (e.g. in new regions of the Russian Federation where large-scale military actions are taking place). This makes the study highly relevant and practical.

Особенности анализа затрат на качество в компаниях по производству подшипников

Improving the quality of goods, works and services is one of the key tasks of strategic business development and increasing its competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to determine the features of classification of quality costs in bearing production, determine the structure of these costs and identify the relationship between their various types to improve the efficiency of production quality management. The main concepts of classification of quality costs based on the studies of Russian and foreign scientists are outlined. Besides, the identification of quality costs of a particular bearing manufacturing enterprise according to the principles of TQM-management: preventive, supervision costs and loss expenses has been carried out. The analytical part of the study is fo-cused on assessing the dynamics of quality costs in the considered production. In the paper, based on the data of the management accounting system, the period 2020–2022 is analyzed. At the next stage of the study, the identification of the influence of factors on the value of quality costs by means of deterministic factor and corre-lation-regression analyses is carried out.