Sociolinguistic Study Research Articles

Language Contact and Morpho-Syntactic Change in Bajjika: A Sociolinguistic Study of Auxiliary Verb Variation

This study examines the impact of language contact on morpho-syntactic change in Bajjika, a minority language spoken in the north-western districts of Bihar, India. Specifically, we investigate the adoption of the Bhojpuri auxiliary verb hawe in Bajjika, and its implications for language variation and change. Our analysis is based on a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data from 12 speakers across four age groups. The findings suggest that language contact with Bhojpuri has led to the diffusion of new auxiliary verb forms in Bajjika, particularly among adult speakers. Interestingly, our data reveal a conflict-driven motivation for this language change, with Bajjika speakers adopting Bhojpuri forms as a means of distancing themselves from Maithili, a language closely associated with the Brahmin castes in Bihar. Our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of language contact, variation, and change, and highlights the complex interplay between social, cultural, and linguistic factors in shaping language use.

Code Switching and Code Mixing Analysis in the Activities of the Avicenna Language Rayon Writing Class: A Sociolinguistic Study

Abstract: This research started from the results of observations carried out in the Avicenna Language District. Based on observations, it is known that in the process of writing class activities tend to use code switching and code mixing. This study aims to describe the types of code switching, code mixing, the form of code switching, and the factors that cause code switching and code mixing in Avicenna's writing class activities. The method in data analysis is a qualitative description method. Data collection techniques through participant observation using recording and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, data analysis uses inductive data analysis to find research results by categorizing specific things that have been found to be directed to general categories. The results of the analysis obtained in this study. Keywords: code switch, code mix, factor, avicenna, an sociolinguistic study.

The Role of Women’s Language in Transwoman’s Identity in The Documentary Disclosure (2021)

This research explores the use of women’s language by trans women in the documentary Disclosure. The research is based on Robin Lakoff and Judy Pearson’s theory, which explains the various language features often used by women to express themselves in social contexts and also how the function of women’s language. These features include women’s language, which reflects the way women communicate. This study aims to identify the types of women’s language features used by transwomen in the documentary and understand the function of the language in constructing, expressing, and representing their gender identity. The method used in this research is qualitative, with data collection techniques in the form of observation and analysis of dialog contained in the documentary. The dialogues spoken by Transwoman are classified based on Lakoff's women’s Language and Pearson’s Function of Women’s Language theory, then analyzed to see how language choices play a role in representing their gender identity. The results of this study are expected to reveal the relationship between the language features used and the process of gender identity construction in the media. In addition, this research makes a significant contribution to the study of sociolinguistics by expanding the understanding of the relationship between language, gender, and also identity.

SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSES OF THE BRU- VAN KIEU LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT: USAGE AND SPEAKERS’ ATTITUDES

This paper presents a sociolinguistic study on the current use of language and script among the Bru- Van Kieu people in Vietnam, as well as their attitudes and aspirations towards the preservation of their ethnic language and script. The findings indicate a high level of bilingualism (Bru- Van Kieu-Vietnamese) among the Bru- Van Kieu community. Most Bru- Van Kieu individuals can use both their mother tongue and Vietnamese in daily communication, and they exhibit a strong loyalty towards their language. However, due to the increasing number of Bru- Van Kieu families who choose to speak only Vietnamese with their children, the Bru- Van Kieu language may face decline in the near future without timely intervention. Additionally, the teaching of the Bru- Van Kieu language cannot be highly effective as long as there are two existing scripts; thus, there is a need to promptly establish a unified script for the Bru- Van Kieu people. This situation is considered to have elements of writing conflict, observed among some ethnic minorities in Vietnam who have more than one writing system, such as the Hmong, Co Tu, Raglai, Cham, and Thai people in Vietnam. The content in the discussion section of the article serves as a basis for the Vietnamese government to take measures to enhance the effectiveness of the use of the Bru- Van Kieu language and script, contributing to the sustainable development of the country.

Innovations and Challenges in the Preservation of the Batak Language by the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Church (HKBP) among Youth in the Context of Urbanization in Jakarta

In the dynamic urban context of Jakarta, the preservation of regional languages faces significant challenges, especially among the younger generation. This study examines the role of the Huria Christian Batak Protestant Church (HKBP, a Protestant Batak Christian Church) in maintaining the existence of the Batak language in the midst of urbanization, by applying social identity theory to understand the dynamics of language preservation and cultural identity. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved in-depth interviews with 30 young congregations and 10 key HKBP figures, as well as participatory observation of church activities over a six-month period. The results of the analysis revealed that HKBP's main efforts in preserving the Batak language are centered on the use of the language in worship, with 75% of respondents stating the importance of this practice. The study also identified several additional initiatives, such as cultural seminars, cultural performances, and the use of traditional musical instruments in worship. The main challenges faced include the low enthusiasm of the younger generation (60% of respondents), the pressure of assimilation of metropolitan culture, and the limitations of effective preservation programs outside the context of worship. The findings emphasized the importance of developing more comprehensive and innovative strategies, including the potential use of digital technology and social media, to increase the appeal of the Batak language among urban youth. This research results in a religious community-based language preservation model that can be applied in urban contexts, offering a new perspective in urban sociolinguistic studies and cultural diversity management. The strategic recommendations are prepared to maximize the role of religious institutions as agents of cultural preservation, with a focus on synergy between churches, families, and urban Batak communities. This study highlights the potential and challenges of religious institutions in bridging tradition and modernity, as well as maintaining cultural identity amid urban social complexity. Although limited to the context of HKBP in Jakarta, these findings provide valuable insights for the study of minority language preservation in urban environments more broadly

Tim Bobbin Made Gradely: Transfictional Character and Lancashire Dialect Writing

This article draws on recent studies in Victorian transfictions and performance sociolinguistics to explore how Tim Bobbin, the pen name of eighteenth-century writer John Collier (1708–86), became a fictional character appearing in melodramas, pantomimes, and puppet shows. This popular character was subsequently transformed and deployed in the works of nineteenth-century Lancashire dialect writers, including Ben Brierley (1825–96) and Margaret Rebecca Lahee (1831–95). This article shows how during the nineteenth-century, depictions of the Lancashire dialect and its speakers differed between ingroup and outgroup members, the latter relying on negative stereotypes of the Lancashire boor or clown. Using third-wave sociolinguistic frameworks, I demonstrate how ingroup members reclaimed the figure of Tim Bobbin and how this character’s transformation was instrumental to the valorisation of the Lancashire dialect and the construction of the Lancashire identity.

A Critical Sociolinguistic Study of Conservatism in Selected British Novels

The main point of this study is to examine the ideology of conservatism in the selected British novels The Blessing by Nancy Mitford and White Teeth by Zadie Smith through the application of a critical sociolinguistic model. These two novels were chosen for having conservatism as the main theme. In this study, conservatism was analyzed according to four phases: the first phase (initiation) shows context and conservatism types. The second phase (description) highlights the text analysis, which involves analyzing vocabulary, grammar, cohesion, and text structure. The third phase represents social analysis, which involves some social factors like age, gender, status, and style. The last phase is evaluation, in which ideology is evaluated according to some selected functions. In both novels, it seems that cultural conservatism is the most commonly used type. Further, it is shown that conservatives tend to use simple words that are easily understood by others. Additionally, declaratives, second and third person pronouns, and modality of necessity and probability are the most followed grammatical categories by conservatives. In relation to social analysis, it is proven that old people are more conservative than young ones, women are more conservative than men, uneducated people are more conservative than educated ones, and informal style is more used than formal style. With regard to evaluating conservatism, it seems that explaining, evaluating, orienting, and prescribing functions are all used in both novels.

El uso de los apéndices interrogativos de control de contacto varía en el habla de Madrid,<i> ¿eh?</i>, y ha variado, <i>¿sabes?</i> Un estudio sociolingüístico en tiempo real

¿No?, ¿eh?, ¿sabes? or ¿verdad? and ¿comprendes?, ¿entiendes?, ¿de acuerdo?, ¿hm? or ¿ves? are interrogative appendices used to fulfill the phatic function of communication, which serves to control the ongoing participation of interlocutors in the communicative activity. It has been observed that such resources are multifunctional and are used, therefore, with certain added values, besides being considered, in some cases, as sociolinguistic markers. With the aim of advancing knowledge of the use and functioning of these discursive elements, we are conducting research, within the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA), which has allowed us to document socio and geolectal patterns. We now present the results of a real-time study, which reveal movements occurring in the speech of Madrid in the last decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st, projecting possible ongoing changes, as well as socio-pragmatic patterns of interest.

Sociolinguistic study of kilba personal names

This paper delves into the sociolinguistic factors and semantic implications of Kilba names and naming systems. It explores how names are given in Kilba community, explaining the cultural and social meanings attached to names .The research method involves primary data collection from aged parents in the Hong local government of Adamawa State, as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, and online materials. Contextual and conventional theories of meaning were used as guide for the study. The analysis categorizes Kilba names names into five main groups based on their significance and origins. The findings highlight the importance of names as identifiers of individual personalities and reflect the unique circumstances or situations surrounding a child’s birth. This study concludes that the significance of names to Kilba people is beyond mere labels, but a reflection of socio-cultural values, beliefs, and experiences.

Use of Russian and Kyrgyz Languages in Private Medical Centers in the Capital of Kyrgyzstan

This article examines the frequency of use of Russian, Kyrgyz and other languages in private medical centers in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, identifies the features of printed advertising texts and Internet resources that facilitate the functioning of these organizations. The article presents factual data collected during a sociolinguistic study, which are the basis for the formation of grammar language planning in one of the post-Soviet republics. Methods of social linguistics were used to collect the material. The work is of interest to linguists, sociologists, cultural scientists and historians as a source for analyzing the modern socio-linguistic situation in the former republics of the Soviet Union and the modern area of ​​the Russian-speaking space located outside the Russian Federation. In addition, the work allows doctors from different countries to form an idea of communication between colleagues and patients in private medical centers in Bishkek, which directly affects the ability to find work in this region. The scientific article provides an analysis of texts posted on websites and in the Internet space, as well as in advertising brochures, manuals, bulletins, where the dominant role of the Russian language is noted. It should be noted that the article contains an analysis of the graphics used by private medical centers when registering with the Ministry of Justice, in the media and the Internet. In this case, cases of merging Latin and Cyrillic graphics are noted, which indicates a desire to use international medical vocabulary in characterizing the specifics of many centers.

Shifting the Use of Karo Language to Indonesian for the Karo Community in Tanjung Sari Village, Medan Selayang District, Medan City: Sociolinguistic Study

This study aims to describe the process of language shift and the driving factors for the shift in the use of the language. This study is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The data source for this study is in the form of excerpts from interviews with 10 informants. The data collection techniques used were observation and conversation (interview) with capture techniques, face-to-face conversation techniques and recording and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using a theory with a sociolinguistic approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a process of shifting the use of Karo language into Indonesian in the second generation of children of the Karo language speaking community in Tanjung Sari Village, Medan Selayang District, Medan City. Of the 10 informants, 2 people experienced a subordinate bilingual process (B1>B2), 3 people experienced equivalent bilingualism (B1=B2) and 5 people experienced subordinate bilingualism (B2>B1) and were driven by migration factors, economic and social factors as well as school and education factors.

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA JAKSEL PADA VIDEO BERJUDUL ‘LANGUAGE BARRIERS, CULTURE SHOCK & TCK IDENTITY CRISIS FT. MELLA CARLI’ DI YOUTUBE: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK CAMPUR KODE

In the video "Language Barriers, Culture Shock &; TCK Identity Crisis ft. Mella Carli" on the YouTube channel "The Indah G Show," the use of the Jaksel (South Jakarta) language in sociolinguistic contexts is examined in this article. In order to comprehend how the host, Indah G, and her invited guest, Mella Carli, utilize Jaksel language in their interactions, this study employs a code-mixed sociolinguistic study approach. Analysis of the video's conversational content and transcription are part of the research methodology. The examination's findings demonstrated that Jaksel frequently utilized his language in casual talks, jokes, and professions of respect. In other cases where formality or clarity are required, mixed code using standard Indonesian is used. Identifying the social and cultural elements that support the usage of Jaksel language in this setting is another goal of this study.

Studi Sosiolinguistik pada Nadhoman Terjemah Kitab Syu’abul Iman Karya KH. A Wahab Muhsin

Sociolinguistic studies are part of modern linguistic studies which cover all linguistic phenomena and their communities. This study can explain word preferences or language structures that differentiate one literary work from another based on the relationship between individuals, populations, periodization and people's lifestyle patterns. The source of sociolingistics research is all types of communication that use language, both spoken and written in all varieties of languages ​​in the world. This research aims to describe sociolinguistic relationships and traces of their application in Nadhoman's "Translation of Syu'abul Iman". The data used in this research are all aspects of perspective studies which include figurative sentences in the form of symbols, images, figurative language or figures of speech, as well as diction or choice of words as well as expressions in the form of loanwords, theme idioms, diction, language style, imagination and messages that describe the influence sociological and linguistic aspects of the translation of the book Syu'abul Iman by KH.A Wahab Muhsin in the form of a translation of the book Syu'abul Iman which was compiled in 1967. Researchers indicate that there are linguistic values ​​related to the situation and social relations in it. To prove this, the author analyzes it using descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique in this research is a reading-note technique. The technique is carried out by reading, taking notes for analysis based on the perspective study. The research results obtained prove that sociolinguistics is very influential on the building blocks of the translation of the book Syu'abul Iman.Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Sundanese Nazhoman, Translation.

The Social and Cultural Representation of Saudi Dialects in the Media: A Sociolinguistic Study of Najdi and Hijazi Dialects

The Social and Cultural Representation of Saudi Dialects in the Media: A Sociolinguistic Study of Najdi and Hijazi Dialects

The Amazigh language in Melilla (Spain): an approach to its uses and meanings

ABSTRACT The Amazigh language in the city of Melilla (Spain) is recognised as a regional and minority language, but it is not recognised as a co-official language, nor does it have the status of an official language. The unequal relationship between the official language, Spanish, and the Amazigh language has not only linguistic but also social implications, which have been little studied in this particular territory. Against this backdrop, we propose to investigate the situation of the Amazigh language in this context. For this purpose, an exploratory sociolinguistic study has been carried out, which approaches the uses, attitudes and opinions of the Melilla population – speakers and non-speakers – of the language in relation to the role it plays in the life of the city, its contribution to individual and collective cultural identity, as well as the role of political decisions on these dynamics. To this end, a mixed methodology was applied, including a questionnaire, as a pilot application, focus groups and semi-structured group and individual interviews. Among the conclusions, it is clear that there is a differential valuation of languages, which leads to inequalities. In response, the study recommends strong institutional support.

Linguistic Discrimination and Social Stereotypes in Language: A Sociolinguistic Study

This research examines the phenomena of linguistic discrimination and social stereotypes in language from a sociolinguistic perspective. Linguistic discrimination occurs when someone is mistreated based on the way they speak, while social stereotyping in language involves overgeneralizations about certain social groups. This research uses a qualitative approach, including critical discourse analysis, literature study, and in-depth interviews to explore the complexity of this issue. The research results show that linguistic discrimination and social stereotypes reinforce each other, hurting individuals and society in various aspects of life such as education, work, and social interactions. This phenomenon not only affects the opportunities and social mobility of individuals but also contributes to the marginalization of certain groups in society. This research emphasizes the important role of inclusive education, responsible media, and government policies in addressing this problem. Education that values ​​linguistic diversity and teaches cross-cultural understanding is key to reducing prejudice and discrimination. The mass media also has a big responsibility in shaping public perceptions about language variations and social groups. Collective efforts are needed to promote inclusive language use, raise awareness about linguistic diversity, and change negative perceptions through education and media. In conclusion, recognizing and appreciating linguistic diversity is essential in creating a fairer and more inclusive society, where every individual is valued regardless of how they speak.

Code-Switching in Multilingual Communities: A Sociolinguistic Study in Ireland

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the code-switching in multilingual communities: a sociolinguistic study in Ireland. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In a sociolinguistic study on code-switching in multilingual communities in Ireland, researchers found that code-switching serves as a vital communicative tool among bilingual speakers, facilitating social interaction and identity expression. The study revealed that individuals often switch languages to navigate different cultural contexts, signal group membership, and convey nuanced meanings that are culturally specific. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sociolinguistic theory, speech accommodation theory & translanguaging theory may be used to anchor future studies on the code-switching in multilingual communities: a sociolinguistic study in Ireland. Educators should adopt inclusive pedagogical strategies that recognize code-switching as a legitimate form of communication within the classroom, allowing students to explore their linguistic identities. Educational policies should mandate the incorporation of bilingual education programs that respect and utilize code-switching as a learning tool, promoting teacher training programs that equip educators with the skills to support multilingual students.

Exploratory Study of gendered-linked differences in word choice in a popular Panamanian talk show

Differences between men's and women's word choices have always motivated sociolinguistic studies that correlate these variations to the gender roles or stereotypes that generate social judgments about people's expressions. This exploratory study examined gendered-linked differences in word choices when discussing daily life issues. The data was collected using a descriptive statistics table that compiled all the euphemisms, diminutives, descriptive adjectives, and politeness markers used by four conductors (two men and two women) of a popular Panamanian TV show in six discussion forums. The information was later analyzed for response patterns, similarities, and differences within and across the two groups. Our findings indicate remarkable gendered-linked differences in the use of these words, evidence of word choice variation across genders. We conclude that these variations are part of daily life communication and illustrate the effect of social behaviors and ideologies on the use of language.

Women's Language in Bargaining: A Sociolinguistic Study of Seller-Buyer Interactions in Dinoyo Market

This study investigates the characteristics of women’s language in market bargaining, revealing how specific communicative features affect buying and selling interactions. These features include the use of polite and non-confrontational language forms, such as hedges and tag questions, which reflect a desire to maintain harmonious social relations. Drawing on Robin Lakoff’s (1975) theory, the study examines how features like hedges, tag questions, and super polite forms are employed by female sellers and buyers during market interactions. The research methods include direct observation and conversation analysis to identify the frequency and context of these language features. The findings indicate that the use of female language traits not only influences the nature of bargaining but also contributes to establishing and maintaining positive social relationships between sellers and buyers. These insights enhance our understanding of communication strategies in economic contexts and underscore the importance of recognizing gender-specific linguistic features in everyday social interactions. Furthermore, the research suggests that a deeper understanding of women’s language traits can provide practical benefits for market participants, aiding in the improvement of their negotiation and marketing skills

THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN NGERI-NGERI SEDAP MOVIE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY

This study investigates the portrayal of women in the Indonesian film “Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap” movie through a sociolinguistics study. The research aims to explore how language and dialogue in the movie reflect and reinforce societal attitudes towards women, examining the representation of female characters and their interactions within the narrative. The collected data are analyzed by applying qualitative and descriptive method. The dialogues undergo thematic analysis to identify recurring themes related to gender roles, power dynamics, and language use. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of how women’s speech in the film reflects or diverges from established sociolinguistic patterns. Triangulation is employed by comparing the film's portrayal of women with existing literature on gender roles in Indonesian society and media, ensuring the validity of the findings (Baxter, 2019; Sunderland, 2020). The results indicate that the portrayal of women in Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap is shaped by cultural influences and prominent themes such as 5 Gender Roles as a woman, 5 Emotional Attachment, and 10 Gender Conflict and Tension. However in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap by comparing woman image and man image it can be found that woman are often portrayed as inferior, weak, and marginalized, while men appear as superior, strong, and dominant. There are some symbolic resistances, but man’s power still cannot be fully seized by woman. As an obedient being, Sarma always does whatever her parents told her to do and feels she must obey completely. Never in her life does she disobey her parents. She then compared what her life to her brothers’. The result come to the fact that the brothers were able to do something freely and disobey their arents because they are men, not a woman like Sarma. The film portrays women as individuals expected to obey men’s commands. Women are also portrayed as being of lower status than men. The patriarchy in this movie is also very noticeable. This portrayal reflects and potentially reinforces societal views of patriarchy and gender hierarchy in Indonesian media