Russian Students Research Articles

Проблемы социокультурной адаптации китайских студентов в российских вузах

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the socio-cultural adaptation of Chinese students in Russian universities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems encountered by students from China in the process of studying in Russia. The article examines the specific problems and difficulties of Chinese students in the process of learning, learning the Russian language, spending leisure time, and intercultural communication with other students. The research is supported by data from a sociological study, and methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization are used. The stages of adaptation from cultural shock to the dialogue of cultures are highlighted. The experience of domestic universities in identifying difficulties and ways of adapting Chinese students was analyzed. On this basis, the authors identified the following specific problems of Chinese students studying at Russian universities: the language barrier; adaptation to climatic conditions. There are: availability in the structure of the specialized university services to support and accompany Chinese students; conducting introductory trainings on the issues of admission; increasing the number of hours for studying Russian language, including the organization of additional teaching and methodological work; inclusion in active social life, organization of international cultural and educational events; conducting trainings on communication with Russian students aimed at establishing mutual understanding and cultural interchange; conducting cultural and communicative trainings for professorial and pedagogical staff working with international students; providing psychological support; obtaining feedback and evaluating the effectiveness of the sociocultural adaptation measures used.

Fostering the All-Russian Civic Identity among Students While Teaching the History of the North Caucasus

This article focuses on the problems associated with shaping the civic identity among students in Russia as they study the history of the North Caucasian peoples. One of the powerful tools to overcome them is to develop a sense of historical consciousness in the younger generation of Russians. However, while the collective memory of the past can serve as a unifying force through shared national values, it can also ignite historical grievances, claims, and conflicts in the present. Here, the debates revolving around the conflicting interpretations of the events that took place in the North Caucasus during the 19th and early 20th centuries (the Caucasian War, the tactics and warfare methods of the Russian military commanders and mountain leaders, the Muhajir movement, and the actions of the imperial power structures) are considered. The questions are raised about how to effectively convey the history of the North Caucasus to the youth, as well as what approaches should be employed to explain the complex, contradictory, and sometimes tragic events of the region’s past so that it would contribute to the development of an all-Russian civic identity instead of fueling confrontations and divisions. Several approaches (recommendations) for teaching the history of the North Caucasus are outlined. They highlight the integrative tendencies in the history of the region, emphasizing the factors that unite its diverse peoples, cultures, and worldviews and define their common pathways for historical development.

Аdaptation of foreign students in the framework of the implementation of the third mission of the university

Introduction. The research topic is conditioned by the need to develop innovative adaptation measures for international university students, which are an important channel for transferring information about the country to the world community. Decoding the national values of the recipient country corresponds to the intention of the third mission of the university, understood as its contribution to the development of the regional, national and global community. The purpose of the study is to analyze the satisfaction of foreign students with the conditions of the new educational environment of the university and to develop a comprehensive program for their adaptation. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Novosibirsk State Technical University using the survey method by filling out a questionnaire by respondents and a formalized interview. Closed alternative questions were used in the questionnaire. International students from near and far abroad participated in the survey. The data was processed and visualized using the method of bar and pie charts. The results of the study. The data of the conducted survey of foreign students allow us to conclude about the generally successful adaptation environment of the university. However, some indicators have revealed the need to improve the adaptation process, mainly in its socio-cultural aspect. The answers to the question "How easily did you join the educational process of NSTU?" revealed the fact that about 52% of foreign students felt discomfort after arriving to study in Russia, especially this should be attributed to citizens of non-CIS countries. When answering the question "Have you encountered difficulties in establishing contacts with Russian students and the local population due to differences in values, traditions and customs?" 44% of respondents acknowledged the existence of problems. Thirty-nine percent of respondents considered the main barrier to effective communication to be a lack of understanding of the motives of Russians' actions. New formats of adaptation measures are required that decode the system of cultural values of the recipient country for foreign students and involve them in the scientific, cultural and economic life of the region. Thirty-two percent of respondents spoke about their lack. Conclusions. The factors of successful adaptation of students at the university are identified, new formats of socio-cultural activities are proposed that can demonstrate national norms and traditions, such as an adaptive VR course, virtual travel, sightseeing routes around the city and the university area, adaptation quests. Types of adaptation activities are included in a comprehensive program designed to convey both the values of the university, its location region, and the values of the recipient country.

Dynamics of Ecological Issues Reflection in Semantic Content of Lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] (Dictionary Definitions and Associative Experiments)

This article aims to identify the dynamics of the semantic scope of the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] based on dictionary definitions and modern associative experiments. In the dictionaries of the XX century, the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] was not associated with the semantic field of “Ecology”. However, in XXI century dictionaries, there is a tendency for the semantic derivative of this word to enter the sphere of designations for various phenomena related to environmental protection. A comparison of dictionaries’ associative norms from different years and modern associative experiments revealed a noticeable dynamic in the ecological component of the associative field of “Zelenyy” [Green]. Correlations between the dynamics of semantic processes and the linguistic consciousness of Russian students are traced. It is established that there is a leading expansion of the ecological component in linguistic consciousness compared to the dynamics of the word’s semantic scope. The differences found can be explained not only by external factors (ecological processes and changes in the state’s environmental policy) but also by value changes in the consciousness of the younger generation. The analysis of associative fields reveals a conceptual shift in the content of the word, namely, a transformation of its content from the sphere of physical objects and processes to the sphere of evaluative relationships. The ambivalent evaluation of the stimulus recorded in the modern experiment reflects the contradictory characteristics of the “green movement” and allows for predicting further derivational trends in the semantics of the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green].

Empirical Assessment of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Attitudes of the Russian Students (Case Study of Humanities Degree Programmes taught at National Research Mordovia State University)

Introduction. Currently, there is a tendency of steady decline in the value of ethnic identity in the self-consciousness of young people. The assessment and study of the dynamics of ethnic self-awareness are related to the need for a comprehensive approach to the problem of patriotism development of modern Russian youth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ethnic self-consciousness and ethnic attitudes among Russian youth enrolled in humanities degree programmes at the National Research Mordovia State University. Materials and Methods. 150 junior students took part in the empirical research. The following methods were used: the 16PF questionnaire by R. Cattell (form C), the “Types of Ethnic Identity” method by G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova, the Method for assessing the positivity and uncertainty of ethnic identity by A. N. Tatarko, N. M. Lebedeva, ethnic affiliation questionnaire by G. U. Soldatova, S. V. Ryzhova. The authors used methods of correlation and factor analysis. Results. The study revealed a high level of positive ethnic identity in the majority of Russian students. The greater part of students have an average level of ethnic identity. The results of correlation analysis showed the presence of significant relationships between types of ethnic identity and ethnic attitudes. As a result of factor analysis, five groups of factors reflecting the relationship between types of ethnic identity and personal qualities of students were identified. Discussion and Conclusion. The authorsʼ findings contribute to the study of the problem of ethnic identity and its relationship with ethnic attitudes and personality traits of Russian students. The materials of the article can be useful for specialists in the field of ethnic psychology to study and develop studentsʼ deep understanding of their own ethnic identity.

Identification of characteristics of Russian students’ professional identity in the humanitarian, technical, and economic areas of training

Identification of characteristics of Russian students’ professional identity in the humanitarian, technical, and economic areas of training

Православное воспитание в детских организациях эмиграции «первой волны» 1920 – 1930-е гг.

In Europe, in the second half of the XIX century, the first children's and youth movements were created. Their goal was the physical and moral development of young people. Moral values were instilled through Christian education. The Russian Empire was no exception, and since 1909, the scout and "potesnnie" movements began their activities in it, paying much attention to the Orthodox upbringing of their wards. In emigration, religious education became even more important. In the conditions of a foreign environment, the threat of assimilation and acculturation of Russian children increased. It was planned to resist this with a great emphasis on the study of national culture, including its religious component. Since it was not possible to cover all children in Russian schools in the scattering, more flexible children's and youth organizations became more important. In those colonies where churches existed, they participated in divine services, helped in holding Christian holidays, invited priests to classes and camps. In the richest and most numerous diasporas, such as the Parisian one, field churches in summer camps have become popular. In addition, classes on the Law of God were held in children's associations and exams were passed on knowledge of the basics of Orthodox culture, which made it possible to reach children living in remote regions. There were several main organizations that worked with children: scouts (NORS, ORYUR, NORR, ORPR), the gymnastics movement "Sokol", the national organization "Vityazi" under the Russian Student Christian Movement. All of them paid a lot of attention to religious education, although the "vityazi" were the most active in this regard. A certain indicator of the success of such work can be the fact that many children who passed through such associations later became priests and bishops.

Assessment of Russian Learners’ Institutional Confidence for the Vocational Education System

Introduction. An important factor influencing the development and stability of the vocational education system in Russia is the trust of students in educational institutions and policies in the field of vocational education in the country and regions. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of institutional trust exhibited by Russian students to the vocational education system and educational policy implemented at various levels; to develop measures to strengthen it. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, a questionnaire survey was conducted, in which 1,150 students enrolled in higher education programs and 1,150 students enrolled in secondary vocational education programs (2,300 people in total) took part. Educational institutions were located in 48 subjects of the Russian Federation of all federal districts. Generalization of the results and formation of conclusions was carried out by induction method. Results. The average level of institutional trust of students in the Russian vocational education system was revealed; the lowest level of trust is observed in the policy in the field of vocational education at the federal and regional levels. The correlation and regression analysis revealed that the index of trust exhibited by student youth of the Russian Federation to the modern policy in the field of higher and secondary vocational education directly correlates with the level of quality of life of the population and the degree of satisfaction with the qualitative parameters of the educational process. Discussion and Conclusion. The theoretical and methodological provisions developed as a result of the conducted research develop existing approaches and tools for studying the institutional trust of students in the vocational education system. A set of measures has been developed that will increase the academic and social involvement of students in the educational community, the level of satisfaction with the educational process and the justification of educational expectations.

Новый подход в вопросах преподавания юридических дисциплин: формирование тезаурусной сферы российского студента

The author proposes to consider the issue of the need to introduce the thesaurus approach into educational activities in the teaching of legal disciplines. The purpose of the scientific research is to comprehend the conceptual foundations for the application of thesaurus analysis in the educational process in the study of various branches of law. The applied method of theoretical research allowed the author to formulate the conclusion that the use of the thesaurus approach in teaching will allow focusing not only on the knowledge offered by legal disciplines, but also become a general humanitarian methodological tool for creating the immunity of a Russian student — «professional significance and usefulness». The relevance of the issues chosen by the author is due to the current situation in the field of education, as in a system that forms a set of necessary knowledge, skills, competencies in relation to future specialists, contributing to the active search for new approaches in teaching various legal disciplines. The knowledge gained in the process of teaching such disciplines for a certified student determines the vector of their further choice of practical activity. Scientific and practical significance is seen in the advantages of the thesaurus approach as a methodological tool for obtaining knowledge that has no analogues in science. The development of legal disciplines through the use of the thesaurus approach in teaching allows future lawyers to integrate disparate information obtained by interdisciplinary knowledge into a single connected complex of knowledge. Teaching legal disciplines to Russian students is not only the transfer of a specific set of skills and competencies, but rather the formation of a special professional thinking and lifestyle based on the ideology of legality and justice, and shaped by the philosophy of the legal culture of society and the state.

РОЛЬ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ОСНОВЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ» В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ТЕРРОРИЗМА СРЕДИ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗОВ

The article lists the trends of modern terrorism in Russia, provides statistics on terrorist activity, indi-cating the urgent need to strengthen the range of measures to prevent terrorism, including student youth. The importance of the discipline “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” in the fight against ter-rorism in modern international conditions is substantiated in order for Russian students to understand the importance of the traditional values of their state. Problems have been identified, the solution of which, within the framework of studying the course of this discipline, will improve the effectiveness of preventive measures

Структура и факторы академической адаптации студентов-иностранцев в российских университетах

Introduction. Academic adaptation of foreign students in terms of academic mobility is the basis of academic achievements and is associated with psychological well-being, which serves as a condition for a positive attitude towards the host country. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of academic adaptation of foreign students will allow us to determine the conditions for their secondary socialization and psychological acceptance of the host country. Theoretical analysis. Academic adaptation of foreign students is associated with problems of cultural stress, awareness, socio-psychological relations of the host party, knowledge of the language for establishing contacts and interaction with local students and everyday problems. Academic problems themselves are considered to a lesser extent. Empirical analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure and factors of academic adaptation of foreign students. It is assumed that the social characteristics of the academic adaptation of foreigners (communicative, personal) are more pronounced than the psychophysiological ones, reflecting the physical well-being of students, the subjective assessment of their exhaustion and fatigue. Conclusion. As a result of the research, the indicators of personal, emotional and motivational and lower psychophysiological components of academic adaptation were found to be more pronounced than those of Russians. The adaptation of foreign students is conditioned by satisfaction of the basic need for connectedness with others, characterizing the possibilities of their support from relatives, connectedness with them, adaptation of Russian students - with satisfaction of the need for connectedness with others, competence, happiness and life satisfaction. Involvement in the educational activity of students, regardless of their residence status, is the most important factor in academic adaptation.

Look into the Future: Life Values and Orientations of Modern Youth in Yakutia

The article contributes to the discussion about the values and life strategies of modern youth using the example of a study of students in the northern region of Russia. The article presents some results of a sociological survey aimed at studying the life world, social and political orientations of students of three federal universities of Yakutia (NEFU, ASICA, ChSIPhES). Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the distribution of life values and orientations, factors of success and happiness, as well as the ratio of the respondents' civil and regional identities. The sociological study ‘Students of Russia: Civic Culture and Life Strategies’ was conducted by the Centre of Political Science of SPR FCTAS RAS in April-May 2023. The object of the study is Russian students. The study used a quota-proportional all-Russian sample with interdependent characteristics of the general population: gender, age, place of residence, level of education received and areas of higher education. The sample size is 6389 respondents, with 468 students in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The data analysis revealed the priority of material-economic and socio-emotional life values in the individual matrices of young people. Material prosperity, interesting work, family stability, emotional ties with family members and friends, education, as well as autonomy, independence, individualism are the most significant in the lives of students. The spatial levels of identity and the degree of emotional attachment to local and global territorial communities, as well as the attitude of young people in Yakutia to Russia have been revealed. Student youth optimistically builds an image of the future of Yakutia and Russia, relying on traditional values and family, while being open to the global society, mostly relying on their own experience and competences.

Entrepreneurship as career choice of Russian students: the role of university education, cultural traditions, and gender stereotypes

In this paper, based on our own recent sociological survey of more than 800 students of 15 Russian universities, we explore the views of Russian students regarding entrepreneurship as their possible choice of a future career. We are interested above all in the role of university education in shaping these views. However, in order to scrutinize this role to full extent, we place our study in the broader framework of national cultural traditions which constitute an integral contributing factor and underlying influence not only in educational, but also in the general existential realm. In this context, we argue that a substantial impact on the students’ future career choice is made by existing gender differences based on the stereotypes of the ‘typically male’ and ‘female’ employment fields. Our study demonstrates, in particular, that Russian students display—notably, just as the older generation of educated Russians too—a noticeable conservatism in their career choices (including entrepreneurial aspirations), by adhering to the traditional cultural values and gender perceptions. We also provide a nuanced analysis of the motivations and expectations associated with choosing an entrepreneurial career by our respondents. Our method of collecting information is chosen to be questionnaire-based—as most effective for descriptive research—which is then complemented by further qualitative analytics intended to reveal hidden causal connections. Our approach is interdisciplinary, as it combines sociological research methods with socio-economic and culturological analysis.

Prospects for the Formation of Russian-Centric Model of Higher Education

Russian higher education, experiencing the influence of both objective processes (transition to the information society and knowledge economy, globalization, internationalization, increasing environmental ventures, changes in the geopolitical situation) and internal transformations (change of political guidelines, exit from the Bologna system, return to value-based educational paradigm) is being modified again today. The article is devoted to the study of the prospects for the formation of a new Russian-centric model as the basis for transforming Russia into a new global educational center based on an effective balance of traditional and innovative educational technologies, repositioning Russia in the global context, including in the educational sphere, the development of new formats of international cooperation in the field of education with the predominance of Russian educational practices. The paper presents the results of a study of current scientific and expert discourse on the state of Russian higher education, identifying the drivers of the formation of a Russian-centric educational model. The article summarizes the nature and types of educational technologies used in modern domestic higher education, assesses the quality of teaching in modern Russian universities, as well as the need for foreign citizens to obtain higher education in the Russian Federation based on pilot surveys of Russian and foreign students conducted by the author. Conclusions are drawn about the positive prospects for creating a Russian-centric model based on the high standards of Russian higher education, the fundamental traditions of teaching in Russian higher education, taking into account the introduction of the latest educational innovations, as well as the high demand from foreign students and applicants for obtaining Russian universities’ diplomas.

Практики формирования финансово грамотного поведения российского студенчества

The relevance of financial literacy is underscored by both government attention, as evidenced by the implementation of programs aimed at its enhancement among the Russian population, and the acknowledgment by Russians themselves of their low level of financial culture, as reflected in the results of sociological studies. This article presents various approaches to defining financial literacy and describes governmental initiatives to introduce practices aimed at raising the level of financial literacy in Russia. The empirical object of the study is chosen to be student youth, due to the specificity of this socio-demographic group for the study of the financial sphere. The article presents data from the author's sociological research conducted using the in-depth interview method. The main result of the scientific work is the identification of various practices for the formation of financially literate behavior among Russian students. The foundation of this identification lies in the data from content analysis of official documents, legislative acts, and information obtained during interviews. In other words, the identified practices constitute a symbiosis of practical and theoretical approaches, taking into account the positions of both official government structures and the population. In conclusion, through empirical research and analysis, the article identifies a range of effective practices for fostering financially literate behavior among Russian students. By incorporating both practical and theoretical approaches, these practices aim to bridge the gap between official policies and the needs of the populace, ultimately contributing to the cultivation of a more financially savvy society.

Особенности взаимодействия преподавателя с российской и китайской студенческой аудиторией

This article deals with the peculiarities of the teacher’s interaction with the Russian and Chinese student audiences in the process of teaching in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. Russian and Chinese students’ audience features were analyzed in terms of using these features in the professional activity of a teacher teaching Russian and Chinese students both individually and as part of mixed groups. The author highlights the following as the main features of Chinese students: collectivism, respect for elders, fear of “losing one’s face”, good memory, tendency to memorize the material, orientation to the fact that the teacher is always right, compliance with the principles of subordination, different from Russian practice, ambiguous attitude to non-traditional forms of classroom instruction, positive attitude to the use of electronic learning tools. Russian and Chinese students are also given a comparative description from the point of view of the peculiarities of the mentality of the representatives of Chinese and Russian linguoculture. It is concluded that a university teacher who takes into account the peculiarities of the Chinese audience will be able to structure the educational process in such a way that all the peculiarities of the mentality of Chinese students will be taken into account. The author also concludes that the due regard of the Russian and Chinese students’ national characteristics will make it possible to teach effectively in mixed student groups. The final paragraphs present possible prospects for further research into the peculiarities of teacher interaction with Russian and Chinese student audiences at the current stage of the development of the higher education system of the Russian Federation.

Проблемы формирования налоговой культуры в России

This article addresses the issues surrounding the formation of the domestic tax culture in Russia. These issues are largely attributed to the state of “cultural tax shock” experienced by the Russian population in the post-perestroika period. However, even in Soviet times and earlier, a characteristic feature of Russian mentality known as “tax nihilism” was observed. The current state of tax culture can be characterized in two aspects: by examining the level of tax literacy among the population and taxpayers’ trust in tax authorities. Particular attention should be paid to youth in the formation of tax culture due to their detachment from the consequences of the societal transformation processes at the end of the last century. The article analyzes ways to increase the level of tax literacy among Russian schoolchildren. However, the problem of tax literacy among Russian students persists, coupled with the increasing prevalence of secondary employment among them. Measures to enhance public trust in tax authorities are also considered. The article emphasizes the role of developing the theoretical basis of tax culture, which requires attention not only to developments in traditional fields of law and economics but also in social research on fiscal sociology and the philosophy of taxation. In conclusion, the formation of tax culture in Russia faces multifaceted challenges stemming from historical legacies, societal perceptions, and educational gaps. By addressing these issues holistically, Russia can progress towards cultivating a more informed and cooperative tax culture among its populace.

Дискуссионная площадка «Спорт в современном мире» в рамках Всемирного фестиваля молодежи (2 марта 2024 года, Сочи, Сириус)

The article presents a report on the discussion corner “Sport in the modern world” held by the Russian Student Sports Union within the framework of the World Youth Festival.

Влияние авторского контента студентов в социальных сетях на процессы продвижения бренда образовательной организации

Background: The high level of competition in the educational services market in the Russian Federation is due to the large number of offers from public and private educational organizations of higher education. In accordance with current legislation, an applicant has the right to apply to several universities in the country at once and, as a rule, upon admission, gives preference to those whose brand is most famous. All this dictates the need to actively promote the brand of an educational organization using the capabili-ties of the mass media. At the same time, the budgets of regional educational organizations are often limited in the ability to conduct full-fledged advertising campaigns and do not provide funding for marketing activities to promote the university brand.Aim: to determine the impact of students’ original content on social networks on the processes of promoting the brand of an edu-cational organization. Materials and methods: An analysis of modern open access literary sources on the problem of forming the image and promoting the brand of an educational organization, as well as a content analysis of publications in social networks and the media, was carried out. The empirical basis of the study consisted of materials from a sociological study carried out using Googleforms, N = 520, average age (22.2 ± 2.37). The author's questionnaire underwent sociological and ethical examination; the norms of confidentiality and autonomy were observed in relation to the respondents. Mathematical data processing was carried out using variation statistics methods using the Excel for Windows Statistica 21.0 application package. Results: In just one month, students published 25 gaming videos on their personal pages for Russian Student Day. Each of them received from 2 to 20 thousand impressions during the competition. Students accompanied their publications with the hashtags speci-fied in the competition conditions, which made it possible to systematize the posted material, and when searching for information about the university on a social network, quickly find the necessary content. Conclusion: It has been shown that systematization in the collection, planning, and dissemination of information contributes to the rapid promotion of a positive image in the external and internal environment due to the displacement of negative information reasons from the agenda, provides the ability to manage information flows, and minimizes information risks.

Метакогнитивные читательские стратегии: анализ данных самоотчета и глазодвигательного поведения российских школьников

<p>The paper presents the results of a study aimed to investigate the correlations between oculomotor reading behavior and self-report data of Russian high school students on their practice of using metacognitive strategies. It was found that high school students tended to use problem-solving reading strategies, while seldom using supportive reading strategies. Differences in the use of metacognitive strategies were found between schools that emphasized differently the development of reading competence in middle school. The findings suggested that there were differences in oculomotor measures across groups with varying levels of metacognitive strategy use. The paper outlines possible directions for further research on this topic.</p>