Lower Grade Students Research Articles

The necessity for enhancing awareness of tuberculosis starting from the early college semesters: empirical evidence from a cross-sectional research.

College students, especially those in the lower grades, constitute the main high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Insufficient knowledge about TB among college students contributes to an increased risk of TB infection. In Zhejiang Province, China, limited research has been conducted recently on the awareness of TB in schools among college students. Therefore, this study aims to gain insight into TB knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang Province and develop effective strategies for TB education targeted at this specific population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1st and 20th May 2022 in 20 colleges in Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The survey aimed to assess the level of TB awareness among 1st and 2nd-year college students. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the rates, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing the overall awareness level of students' regarding key knowledge about TB. A total of 4,414 lower-grade students participated in the study. The total awareness rate and entire awareness rate of key TB knowledge were 81.6 and 25.3%, respectively. Participants who demonstrated a relatively poor understanding of the definition were (51.0%), curable outcomes (75.7%), and preventive measures of TB (76.1%). Female participants [adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25-1.65], medical students (aOR:2.00; 95%CI:1.63-2.64), had a high level of monthly expenditures (aOR:2.50; 95%CI:1.49-4.19), had prior TB health education (aOR:1.95; 95%CI:1.68-2.25) and previous exposure to TB patients (aOR:2.13; 95% CI:1.48-3.08) indicating a better level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. Among the students, 58.5% expressed their willingness to acquire TB knowledge through "broadcasting, television, films, and audiovisual materials." The total awareness rate of key knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang did not meet the national requirements. To effectively prevent TB in schools, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the disease among college students. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance TB awareness through theoretical and practical education, starting from the early semesters of college.

초등학생을 위한 전통생활문화중심 향토문화유산 수업 자료 개발

This study aimed to develop experiential educational content for elementary school students,
 focusing on traditional aspects of life culture. The primary goal was to preserve and pass on the
 educational value associated with cotton cultivation and weaving, considered valuable elements of
 local cultural heritage. Leveraging cotton cultivation and weaving as the central themes, eight core
 content areas were identified from six broader categories within traditional life and culture. These
 areas encompassed clothing, food, daily living, seasonal customs, traditional games, and other aspects
 of life. In total, 16 topics were selected. The core content areas covered a range of topics,
 including farming practices, the importance of agricultural heritage, the weaving process and its
 meaning, local seasonal customs, the growth and cultivation of cotton, sustainable clothing practices
 and livelihoods, crafting items from cotton and cotton fabric, the cultural importance of labor and
 weaving songs, and engaging with natural village instruments in traditional play. Within the domain
 of traditional life and culture, there were many parts that corresponded to clothing, traditional
 games, and other facets of life. The curriculum analysis revealed that the lower grades aligned with
 integrated subjects and social studies, while the upper grades were related to practical arts, social
 studies, science, and music subjects. Teaching and learning materials were developed for each of the
 16 topics, including lesson plans, PowerPoint presentations, activity sheets, and teaching aids. These
 teaching-learning course plans outlined the learning objectives, elementary school subject-related
 units, alignment with the 2015 revised curriculum’s achievement standards, and learning goals. A
 total of 16 PowerPoint presentations, each containing 15 to 34 chapters, along with 13 types of
 activity sheets and ten teaching aids, were created. The content was designed to be experiential,
 incorporating various games, making activities, photos, videos, children's books, and drawing materials.
 The educational materials can be adapted for younger students in lower grades and extended to
 middle school students in upper grades for career exploration. Furthermore, these materials hold the
 potential to generate income in rural communities by involving local residents. These developed
 experiential education materials are expected to serve as a means to preserve agricultural and
 cultural heritage and as a valuable resource for sustainable and environmental education.

Analisis Kesulitan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas II SD Negeri 0501 Hutanopan

Beginning reading ability is an important issue for low grade students. If students' reading ability cannot be completed, it will become a big problem at the next level. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the reading ability of the second-grade students at SD Negeri 0501 Hutanopan. (2) What are the inhibiting factors for beginning reading comprehension difficulties for second grade students at SD Negeri 0501 Hutanopan. This research is presented in a qualitative descriptive form with the aim of describing a process that occurs in the field. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that (1) the initial reading ability of class II students at SD Negeri 0501 Hutanopan on average the second grade students were quite good at reading, because there were still found 6 students only recognized letters without being able to combine letters into words, 16 students only can spell letters but difficult to combine letters, 10 students are quite good at combining letters. (2) There are two factors inhibiting the difficulty of beginning reading skills for second grade students at SD Negeri 0501 Hutanopan, namely internal and external.

IMPROVING LOW CLASS WRITING SKILLS AT UPT SDN 1 GANDANGBATU SILLANAN

This study aims to determine the improvement of lower grade writing skills through media images in class II UPT SDN 1 Gandangbatu Sillanan students for the 2020/2021 academic year. The subjects of this study were class II students with a total of 27 students consisting of 14 male students and 13 female students. The method used is a class action research method (Classroom Action Research) where the analysis of learning outcomes is reflected in the next lesson. This research was divided into two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. Based on the research results, the writing ability of the low grade students in grade II can be improved by using media images. This can be proven from the increase in low class writing skills. In the pre-cycle the average value obtained was 55.37, it experienced an increase in the first cycle the average value obtained was 66.67, and experienced an increase in the second cycle the average value became 78.89. The conclusion of this study shows that media images can improve writing skills in class II students in class II.

Teachers’ Involvement in Inclusive Education: Attitudes of Future Teachers

Background: inclusive education seeks to ensure that all students can access quality education and requires education systems to commit to providing students with equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of school life. While progress has been made in this regard, the full implementation of educational inclusivity remains hindered by significant challenges and barriers. Teacher involvement is necessary for this inclusion, and it is important to study the attitudes that affect their inclusive practices in schools. Therefore, this study aims to determine the attitudes of future teachers (current student teachers at the University of the Basque Country) towards inclusive education. Methods: 369 primary and early childhood education students participated in this study. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, and the Revised Scale of Feelings, Attitudes, and Concerns Towards Inclusive Education (SACIE-R) was administered using Google Forms. Results: the results indicate that 34.9% of the respondents have close contact with people with functional diversity, while 62.7% state that they have never worked with people with diversity. Male primary and lower grade students are generally less negative toward functional diversity. Conclusions: this study shows where the main efforts should be focused to highlight the importance of inclusive schools, and for this purpose, university education will be essential.

Problematika Pembelajaran Menulis Permulaan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Writing lessons are offered in elementary schools from grade one to grade VI. Students start learning how to write in grades I and II. Therefore, the process of learning to write at this level is known as early writing lessons, but in grades III, IV, V, and VI it is known as early writing learning. The goal of this study is to find a solution to the problem that low grade students are experiencing with the need to write. The current study includes SDN 112/I Perumnas in grades one and two. Qualitative descriptive is the employed technique. Information that was gathered through surveys, interviews, observations, and documentation In data analysis, quantitative analysis is used. The findings reveal challenges faced by first grade students, including (a) writing letters, words, and simple sentences; (b) writing a follow-up letter; (c) write sentences correctly; (d) can distinguish between the letters b and d (often confused); (e) find it difficult to imitate or copy the written form given by the teacher; and (f) find it difficult to arrange words into simple sentences. In contrast, the two students in the class came together to discuss the topic of (a) letters, words, and a short-term calendar.

Investigation of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies of University Students

Just as technology has entered every aspect of our lives today, it has significantly changed the fields of art and graphic design as well. Developing technologies and new teaching approaches have also affected fine arts education and therefore the students studying in this field. The aim of this study is to examine the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) competencies of students studying at the Faculty of Fine Arts. The study, which was conducted with the survey model, was conducted with the participation of 212 students studying at the Faculty of Fine Arts of Necmettin Erbakan University and Selçuk University in the 2022-2023 academic year. According to the findings of the study, the TPACK competencies of the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts are at medium level. The technological knowledge of the participant students differs according to their gender. The technological knowledge of male students was found to be significantly higher. In the study, TPACK competencies of the students showed significant differences according to their grade and achievement levels. Students in 3rd and 4th grades were found to have high TPACK competence compared to students in lower grades. Again, students with high achievement level obtained high TPACK scores compared to their middle and low achieving peers.

PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN SQ3R TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA BAHASA JAWA PADA KELAS II DI SDN SIMOMULYO 1 SURABAYA

This research is motivated by the inability of students to read Javanese. This happens because the learning of Javanese has not been maximized. This study aims (1) to determine the application of reading ability using the SQ3R method to low grade students at SDN Simomulyo 1 Surabaya, (2) to determine the effect of applying the SQ3R method to reading ability in Javanese in low grade students at SDN Simomulyo 1 Surabaya. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study were class II students at SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya, totaling 26 students consisting of 13 male students and 13 female students. Based on the research results, the following two conclusions were concluded (1) the application of reading skills using the SQ3R method in learning at SDN Simomulyo 1 Surabaya involves students being active with teacher guidance, so that the concepts in the discussion can be understood, so as to improve students' reading skills. (2) the ability to read Javanese using the SQ3R Class II method at SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya with an average pre-test is classified as low, this is evident from the student's average score of 61.15. The ability to read Javanese using the SQ3R Class II method at SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya with an average post-test is quite good, this is evident from the students' average score of 80.

Application of Positive Culture in Realizing the Character of Pancasila Student Profile for Elementary School

The purpose of writing this article is (1) to find out what positive culture has been implemented in Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta Elementary School; (2) Efforts to apply positive culture in Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta Elementary School to low-grade students in realizing the character of Pancasila student profiles; and (3) Factors that influence success in implementing a positive culture in SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta. This study uses a qualitative method using a case study approach. Collecting data using interview techniques, observation, and documentation Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The subjects of this study were school principals, teachers, and students at SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta. The results of this study indicate that SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta has implemented a positive culture well. The positive culture that has been implemented is praying before and after learning activities, singing the national anthem following extracurricular activities, discussing during lessons, picketing together, doing community service at school, and making works of art. The efforts of SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta teachers that have been implemented are building good relationships between students, making class agreements, implementing a culture of discipline, setting an example first and then applying it to their students, and getting used to it every day. Factors that influence success in implementing a positive culture are cooperation and participation among school members or within the school environment, community environment, and family environment.

Numeracy development training for elementary school students at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Waru Sidoarjo

Covid-19 pandemic has caused the decline in the numeracy ability of low-grade students at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Waru Sidoarjo. Students’ ability dropped by 50%, which cause teacher unable to continue to a higher numeracy level. The purpose of this program is to develop the numeracy skills of low-grade elementary school children at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Waru Sidoarjo. The method used in the form of training for low-grade students (grade 1, 2, and 3) which begins with a pre-test and ends with a post-test. Training is carried out by providing a stimulus for learning numeracy using modern methods through applications on gadgets and conventional methods and exercises. The result obtained from this training were that low-grade students felt interested and enjoyed learning numeracy with modern media than conventional methods. Training using modern numeracy media can increase students’ abilities and interest in learning numeracy.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca pada Siswa SDN 121/I Muara Singoan Kelas Rendah sebagai Bagian Integral dari Perkembangan Bahasa

Reading proficiency is a key competence in language development for children at the primary school level. This study aims to explore the efforts undertaken by SDN 121/I Muara Singoan in improving the reading abilities of elementary school students and understanding its integral role in overall language development. Through a qualitative research approach, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and analysis of curriculum-related documents and teaching strategies. The results of this study indicate that SDN 121/I Muara Singoan has implemented various specific learning strategies to enhance students' reading abilities. Some of these strategies include the use of engaging textbooks, group reading activities, and a library program that expands students' access to reading materials. Additionally, the role of teachers and parents is recognized as a crucial factor in improving students' reading abilities. Teachers provide continuous support through training and guidance, while parents are involved in supporting reading practices at home and providing positive reinforcement. The improvement of reading abilities among lower-grade students at SDN 121/I Muara Singoan has significant impacts on overall language development. In addition to enhancing reading skills, students also demonstrate improvements in content comprehension, critical thinking abilities, and written expression.

Efektivitas Metode Dikte Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa

This study aims to use dictation to improve students' listening skills in Indonesian and to determine the effectiveness of dictation in improving students' listening skills in descriptive texts. This research is a collective action research. This research uses the dictation method to improve the skills of listening to descriptive texts in Indonesian subjects. Action research for this course consists of 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. The results of the classroom action research showed that students' listening skills improved by using the dictation method. Dictation is a method commonly used to measure students' writing ability. With dictation, students must be able to understand the meaning of what they hear and then write it down while dealing with time constraints.In the end, using the dictation method can improve the writing skills of students in lower grades who initially could only write by looking at the writing on the blackboard or copying, now they are starting to be able to write slowly.

Upaya Guru dalam Mengatasi Siswa yang Berkesulitan Belajar (Calistung) Baca, Tulis dan Hitung) di Kelas Rendah SDIT Bunayya

The teacher's efforts in overcoming students who have difficulty learning CALISTUNG (Read, Write, Count) in low grades at SDIT Bunayya, the results of direct observation show that some students in grades 1, 2 and 3 still have difficulty learning calistung, in low grade students it is an obstacle to the cycle. study activities. The various difficulties in learning calistung experienced in early childhood are: lack of order or not being able to focus on learning, children having difficulty understanding what is conveyed by the teacher and difficult to capture or absorb in the child's mind when counting, not yet familiar with the concept of subtraction, and not yet fluent when repeat letters a-z. In overcoming difficulties in learning, educators use interesting learning methods and media so that children become enthusiastic about learning and make it easier for students to learn CALISTUNG. Based on this, the researcher decided in this study to choose the title "Teacher's efforts in overcoming students who have learning difficulties with CALISTUNG (Read, Write and Count) in the lower grades of SDIT Bunayya." This research was carried out in four steps, namely: (1) Planning, (2) Implementation, (3) Observation, and (4) Evaluation.

Analisis Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendampingan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia SD

This study aims to improve the reading ability of school students elementary school, where we all must have known that elementary school students class low, of course, not all of them can or are not fluent in reading, so they like it or not want parents to play an active role in children's education to improve abilities read their own children. But in reality there are still many parents who are busy with their respective jobs so that the activity of guiding children learning at home is not paid enough attention and there are also parents who do not understand their children's learning materials. The purpose of this research is to examine literature study regarding the effect of parental guidance on ability reading for low grade students. The data collection technique used was interviews with students' parents. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively. The results of this study indicate parental guidance in reading ability their children can be seen from the way the parents make a schedule of learning activities at home well, create a pleasant atmosphere when guiding their children learning, by bringing in tutors when parents are less able to teach their children to read, giving them attention and always setting aside time to guide their children learn when their parents are busy working, and provide children with learning facilities and give them an award when their child's learning achievement increases, namely by giving applause, praise or you can give it a gift so that the child feels proud and becomes active for it Study. The conclusion of this study is parental guidance is good and right will have a good impact on children, in addition to needing guidance from teachers in children's schools also need guidance from their respective parents when at home.

Merdeka Belajar Penerapan Ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara “Merdeka Belajar” Dalam Pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Dasar

Elementary science learning is intended to provide direct experience in developing students' abilities so that they can explore and understand the natural surroundings scientifically. Freedom to learn means that educators and their students have the freedom to innovate, the freedom to learn independently and creatively. This study aims to describe the application of independent learning according to the teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara in elementary science learning and the constraints of implementing independent learning in science learning at SDN 1 Sidogede, Prembun District. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with a case study research strategy. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is source triangulation and method triangulation which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study indicate that SDN 1 Sidogede will carry out learning based on three indicators from the Teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara, namely students are comfortable in the learning process, students have a high social conscience and students are independent or free in determining the talents and interests they like. The obstacles are that when learning takes place it cannot run optimally because of signal constraints, students are shy and insecure, low grade students are less able to concentrate like upper classes, and limited funds to bring in trainers who can help students develop their talents and interests.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AWAL PADA SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 10 TANJUNG KEDABU

Early reading skills are basic reading skills that low-grade students should have. These early reading skills include recognising letters and some essential words that low-grade students should begin to master. This research aims to quantitatively describe the early reading skills of low-grade students at public primary school 10 Tanjung Kedabu. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive method. The stages, namely: formulating the problem, determining the theoretical basis, making hypotheses, collecting data, analysing data, and drawing conclusions. The research respondents totalled 22 students, consisting of 10 male students and 12 female students. The data collection technique used was observation of students' early reading skills. The results showed that the initial reading ability of male students was almost the same as the initial reading ability of female students in the lower grades. Both groups of students had almost the same mean score of initial reading ability (72.90% for the male group, and 74.75% for the female group). Both groups of students were in high category. Future researchers are expected to research other initial skills that can complement the results of this research to be more complete. Basic literacy could be one of the options that could be adopted. Teachers and parents need to collaborate so that the student's guardianship reaches a very high category when the student moves on to grade 2.

SPACED REPETITION CONCEPT DESIGN WITH FUZZY MULTI CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A MEDIA TO IMPROVE NUMERACY LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Numeracy Learning activities after the Covid-19 Pandemic has been decline in the quality of learning in a number of elementary school students. This research is limited to learning numeracy for low grade students, namely grade 1,2, and 3, because the basic concept of numeration begins with low grades There are several factors that make difficult for students to understand numeracy, the students often forget about the concepts that have been taught before. An Effective way of memorizing with the conventional way is memorizing with repeat pronunciations. To improve the quality of education, learning concepts that were previously carried out conventionally must be developed in a modern way using application. The purpose of this research is to improve the numeracy learning concept of low-grade students in primary school after Covid-19 pandemic which is more fun and modern by using the concept of spaced repetition based on android flashcards. The analysis of 135 student’s assessment is based on criteria such as tangible, reliability, empathy, responsive, and assurance. The decision support system using Fuzzy Multi Criteria Methods (MCDM) is also used to determine the weighting of the criteria and the effectiveness of learning using spaced repetition concept and it’s application. The result of the weighting using fuzzy multi criteria is obtained defuzzification that tangible 65.18, reliability 56.54, responsive 46.17, assurance 49.13, and empathy 29.62. Tangible has the highest results in this test, it means that the students prefer modern learning with android application with an attractive experienced. The correlation test obtained the result 0.76 which is a high value in decision making and could be accepted.

Crosslinguistic influence on spelling in written compositions: Evidence from English-Spanish dual language learners in primary grades

We investigated spelling errors in English and Spanish essays by Spanish-English dual language learners in Grades 1, 2, and 3 (N = 278; 51% female) enrolled in either English immersion or English-Spanish dual immersion programs. We examined what types of spelling errors students made, whether they made spelling errors that could be due to crosslinguistic influence, and whether errors were associated with instructional program, English learner status, and grade level. Compositions were transcribed and coded using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) software. Spelling errors were suggestive of crosslinguistic influence that was mostly unidirectional from one language to the other rather than bidirectional. Spelling errors were related to instructional program such that students in Spanish-English dual immersion made more English spelling errors in English compositions due to Spanish influence, and students in English immersion made more spelling errors in Spanish compositions due to English influence. Students in higher grades also made less English spelling errors in English compositions due to Spanish influence than students in lower grades. These findings suggest that dual language learners acquire spelling patterns in one language influenced by instruction and home language, which transfers to spelling in the other language.

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN SENI TARI DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 20 GUMARANG

This study aims to analyze the implementation of character education in dance learning at SD Negeri 20 Gumarang. Character education has an important role in shaping students' personality and morality, and dance can be an effective means of developing that character. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects consisted of dance teachers and lower grade students at SD Negeri 20 Gumarang. The results of the study show that character education has been integrated effectively into dance learning at the school. Dance teachers use character values such as cooperation, discipline, creativity, honesty, and responsibility in every learning activity. They also use examples from everyday life to relate character values to dance practice. In addition, this study also revealed that students showed positive changes in their character development through learning the art of dance. They learn to work together in groups, respect the opinions of others, appreciate cultural diversity through dance moves, and develop a sense of responsibility towards their duties and obligations. In conclusion, learning the art of dance at SD Negeri 20 Gumarang has succeeded in implementing character education well. The dance teacher acts as an effective facilitator in integrating character values into learning, while students show positive progress in developing character through the practice of dance. This research provides a better understanding of the importance of character education through dance at the elementary education level.

A Study on Elementary English Teachers’ Responses to Classes Using AI-Powered Application: Focusing on Odinga English

The purpose of this study is to examine the responses of English teachers to utilizing an AI-based interactive application, Odinga English. To determine their views, a case study was conducted with four English teachers. The findings are as follows. First, the contents of the application consisted of fun elements with graphics which had a positive effect on increasing learners’ interest and motivation. In addition, learners improved their self-confidence by solving problems on their own. Second, the design and interface of the application were appealing to young learners, an important point as both accessibility and convenience play an important role when lower-grade students are learning with a new tool. Third, the adaptation of the educational application was appropriate for elementary school students who are familiar with using technology to learn. Lastly, each learner received individual feedback on their speaking and pronunciation. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of the AI-based application was positive for elementary school English learners. Above all, it was effective in increasing learning interest and confidence, which are important for elementary school learners. It was also positive in improving learners’ speaking and pronunciation skills through customized feedback.