Late Adolescent Students Research Articles

Efficacy of body-mind-spirit oriented psychosocial programme in promoting holistic well-being of students in late adolescence

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effectiveness of a series of seven psychosocial programmes in promoting holistic well-being of students in late adolescence. The psychosocial programme was held on two days, with two 3-hour sessions (morning and afternoon) scheduled for each day. Based on the body-mind-spirit model, the psychosocial programme involved bodily exercises, meditation, relaxation, singing, drawing, letter writing, sharing of experience, etc. As compared with the comparison group (N = 64), participants (N = 98) showed enhancement of equanimity in terms of nonattachment, general vitality, mindful awareness, and spiritual self-care. They also exhibited reduction in emotional affliction, declined emotional vulnerability, reduced bodily irritability, and lowered spiritual disorientation.

Intentional Interactions and Identity Development: Perspectives on Education?

This study utilized self-report survey data to explore formal, intentional interactions measurably impacting an individual’s identity among three groups in the mid-western United States. Data were collected across three levels: individual college-aged students in late-adolescence or early-adulthood, parents of college students, and adult community citizens. The mean scores of all three groups were compared using ANOVA and revealed no significant difference between the three groups, thus suggesting that students, parents, and community members agree that their direct words influence the actions of others. The results of the study illustrate both the impact and influence of parents on children, that it is difficult to measure inter-relationship between parent and child, and the interactions between these groups can be difficult to measure, suggesting a complicated relationship. However, the study does underscore the profound impact that people around children have on identity development and ultimately student actions.

Students’ Mathematical Learning Behaviour in Teaching-for-Understanding Classes: Senior High School and First-Year University Students’ Views

Educational mathematics researchers and educationists emphasise teaching for understanding. However, does it influence students’ mathematical learning behaviour? The purpose of this study was to explore late adolescent students’ views on mathematical learning behaviour in teaching-for-understanding classes. Content analysis of secondary data from exploratory studies, where students responded to open-ended questions on metacognition, indicated that mathematical learning behaviour hardly involved focussing on understanding. The discussion presents implications for mathematics education and suggestions for education in general.

Lifestyle and nutritional status of late adolescent in an urban area of Western Maharashtra: cross sectional study

Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing among adolescent age. One of the reasons is change in lifestyle and behavior practices. Adolescent population and health of adolescents have a special concern. In late adolescence there is transition from school to college or university. This transition to college life often worsens lifestyle and dietary habits among late adolescents. Present study was carried out to assess lifestyle and nutritional status of late adolescent.Methods: A cross sectional study were carried out involving 140 late adolescent students of 17-19 years after obtaining permission from college principle using preformed questionnaire. Subsequently anthropometric measurements like weight in kg and height in meters, waist and hip circumference in centimetre were measured using standard assessment measures.Results: Out of 140 students 51 (36.4%) were boys and 89 (63.6%) were girls. Mean age of the students was 18.13±0.79 years. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 49 (35%) and 29 (20.7%) respectively. No significant difference in BMI for boys and girls. Waist circumference and waist hip ratio was more in girls compared with boys. More than half 53.6% had mixed diet pattern. Among study participants 55.7% have green leafy vegetables in their diet and 62.8% have fruit in their diet. Most frequent unhealthy diet practice was intake of junk food 85% followed by fast food.Conclusions: High prevalence of obesity and overweight in late adolescent indicate an urge to start primordial and primary intervention since childhood.

Stress and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, coping and internet use among late adolescent university students in East Malaysia

Introduction: Adolescents pursuing higher education at the university experience stressful life events on top of academic demands, where failure in managing those stressors can lead to stress as well as other more severe physical and mental health problems. Limited research exists locally about the association between coping and internet use with the perceived stress. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 527 university students between 18-19 years old in Kota Samarahan. A self-administered questionnaire containing background information, perceived stress, measures of coping, motives of utilizing the internet, and internet addiction test was used. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for the data analysis. Result: The results showed that being female or having avoidant-emotional coping strategy was positively associated with perceived stress, whereas a problem-focused coping strategy was negatively associated with perceived stress. Internet addiction and underlying internet motives were not associated with perceived stress. Conclusion: The need to understand the association between coping and perceived stress is essential for professionals to assist adolescents in managing their mental health.

Enduring effects of a 5-week behavioral activation program for subthreshold depression among late adolescents: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundNo significant effect of psychological treatment has been reported from meta-analysis of subthreshold depression patients and control subjects at 1-year follow-up. However, behavioral activation is a simpler and more cost-effective treatment than cognitive behavioral therapy. The primary purpose of this study was to assess by comparison to an assessment-only control group whether the effects of behavioral activation program for depressive symptoms can persist up to 1-year follow-up without the use of antidepressants or other psychotherapy.Patients and methodsLate adolescent students were the population targeted in this study. Participants were allocated randomly to an intervention group (n=62) or a control group (n=56). Treatment consisted of five-weekly 60-minute sessions. Participants underwent a structured interview and completed self-report scales at 1 year post-assessment.ResultsLate adolescent students receiving treatment had significantly lower mean Beck Depression Inventory, second edition scores at 1-year follow-up than control group students. The effect size (Hedges’ g) for between-group differences at 1-year follow-up was −0.41.ConclusionOur behavioral activation program is simple and short. Nevertheless, the results obtained at 1-year follow-up of the control group and late adolescent students receiving treatment indicated a significant difference in their Beck Depression Inventory, second edition scores. Our 5-week behavioral activation program based on behavioral characteristics for subthreshold depression might be promising for subthreshold depression. The sample examined for this study imposed some study limitations.

Prevalence of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke among Higher Secondary School Students in Ernakulam District, Kerala, Southern India.

Introduction:The association between secondhand smoke and health outcomes, such as frequent respiratory infections, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, asthma, and stroke, has long been established. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of secondhand smoking exposure among higher secondary school students in Ernakulam district, Kerala, Southern India.Materials and Methods:A structured questionnaire was administered to all students from four randomly selected higher secondary schools in Ernakulam district. Descriptive statistics was done using frequencies and percentages. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done for factors associated with household exposure to tobacco smoke generating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:A total of 629 students participated in the study. The prevalence of ever smokers was 11.9% and of current smokers was 5.2%. Among the study participants, 23.2% were exposed to secondhand smoking from a family member and 18.8% from friends. Lower educational status of father was associated with the household exposure to secondhand smoke (adjusted OR 4.51 [95% CI 1.66–12.22]). More than half of the study participants (56.3%) reported that they were exposed to cigarette smoke in past 1 week in a public place and 10.2% in closed public places. Nearly one-third of the students reported that they have seen somebody smoking inside school campus in the past 30 days.Conclusion:Exposure to secondhand smoke at home, schools, and public places was higher among the late adolescent higher secondary school students in Ernakulam district. The findings underscore the urgent need for increased efforts to implement the strategies to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents.

Technology Trumping Sleep: Impact of Electronic Media and Sleep in Late Adolescent Students

The purpose of this research study was to explore with what impact evening media use interfered with either schoolwork and/or sufficient healthy sleep. In addition, the study examined with what impact there may be a compromise in students’ ability or aptitude for positive academic success, related to either lack of sleep or electronic media use. The participants were 89 high school and college students, ages 16 through 25, with median age of 18. Research was conducted using a secured online survey tool. Electronic habits, internet and social networking usage, sleep and rise times, daily sleepiness and perceptions were examined. College students were randomly sampled and participated in an in-depth, one-time survey. High school students participated in a weeklong nightly electronic sleep & evening media use survey and journal. Data was obtained from anonymous and coded student responses and student and teacher surveys. The results of the study suggested that healthful adolescent sleep is indeed greatly compromised, during a time when the reverse is vitally important. Of students randomly sampled, all but one student owned a cell phone. In the total study group, a majority were smart phone owner-users (84%). Many high school participants slept with a cell phone or tablet in their bed (72%), and among college participants who regularly slept with cell phone, tablet, or laptop, this rose to 86%. Over half of these students continued to access and use their devices in bed for significant amounts of time prior to sleeping. Many of these even awakened after falling asleep to access or respond to electronic messaging. The research indicated that unhealthy sleep habits may be creating a generation of sleep-deprived individuals who may not be functioning at top capacity. Findings regarding a correlation between lack of sleep and quantified academic success are inconclusive, however, student perceptions indicate that they believe there is a relationship. Findings also suggest that all instructors of late adolescent students aged 16-25 may count on the fact of their student clientele owning and using mobile devices to access internet for social purposes. Students allow their social digital world to impede and compete with their academic time and biological sleep cycle. Instructors would be wise to appropriately channel the digital skills of this new generation of no longer-wired, but now “wi-fied” students. Therefore it is strongly suggested that teachers, parents, and medical personnel adopt and provide healthy guidelines for parents to use with pre-teens and teens, to facilitate and develop in the next generation of students some structure and means of protecting their health in the realms of electronics and sleep.

Linking Attachment Avoidance and Attachment Anxiety with Eating Disorder Attitudes and Behaviours in a Sample of Nonclinical Albanian Female College Students

The present study investigated the link between attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety with mother and eating disorderd attitudes and behaviors in a non clinical sample of Albanian late adolescent female students using the quantitative scientific research method.The sample consisted of 779 female college students,enrolled at two public Albanian universities ( University of Tirana and University of Shkoder) ranging from 18 to 21 years of age (mean age 19.25,SD=.885). Participants completed the following self-reported instruments: the Experience in Close Relationship-Relationship Structures questionnaire (Fraley,Brennan& Waller,2000) and subscales of Body Dissatisfaction, Drive for Thinness and Bulimia of Eating Disorder Inventory- 3 (Garner, 2004). Results revealed that in relation to attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety with mother, female students displayed higher levels of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and bulimia when compared to female students scoring low in attachment avoidance and anxiety with their mother. The strongest associations were found between attachment avoidance and body dissatisfaction and between attachment anxiety and bulimia. Prevention and treatment programs focused on attachment relationships are recommended. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p506

Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled trial.

The main behavioral characteristic of subthreshold depression that is observed in adolescents is the low frequency of exposure to environmental rewards. Therefore, it was considered that a simple intervention conducted in short sessions, focusing on increasing access to positively reinforcing activities, would be efficacious in increasing the availability of rewards. We conduct a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of such a behavioral activation program that was conducted weekly for 5weeks in 60-min sessions. Late adolescent university students aged 18-19years with subthreshold depression were randomly allocated to a treatment (n=62) or a control group (n=56). The primary outcome of the study was the Beck Depression Inventory-II score. Results indicated that late adolescent students in the treatment group showed significant improvements in their depressive symptoms (effect size -0.90, 95% CI -1.28 to -0.51) compared to the control group. Students in the treatment group also showed significant improvements in self-reported rating of quality of life and in behavioral characteristics. It is concluded that this intervention had a large and significant effect despite being short and simple and that this low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy program could be conducted in many different types of institutions. It is suggested that the long-term effects of the treatment program should be targeted for investigation in future studies.

Awareness of HIV in the late Adolescent students in Rural Area of Deoli Block, Wardha District, Maharashtra

Background: HIV prevalence continues to be high among vulnerable groups. Physical, psychological, and social attributes of adolescence make young people particularly vulnerable to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Objectives: 1) To determine awareness about HIV among the adolescent age students. 2) To assess the interpretation regarding the signs and symptoms and mode of transmission. Method : A cross sectional study on Late adolescent college going students both males and females in a Junior College in Deoli block of Wardha district where 200 students were interviewed (Male: 117, Female: 83) by a pre-designed, pre-tested anonymous, self administered questionnaire was filled by 11 th , 12 th standard students after obtaining necessary permission from the school authority and consent was taken from the adolescent students. Result: 100% students were aware about HIV/AIDS. TV was the main source of information. Male students were found to have better knowledge regarding transmission and prevention of AIDS than female students. Decrease in misconceptions and an increase in knowledge occurred about various modes of transmission of HIV& its prevention. Conclusion: The present study highlights that most of them are aware of HIV/AIDS. TV and Internet plays a significant role in knowledge about HIV among adolescents.

Awareness of HIV in the late Adolescent students in Rural Area of Deoli Block, Wardha District, Maharashtra

Background: HIV prevalence continues to be high among vulnerable groups. Physical, psychological, and social attributes of adolescence make young people particularly vulnerable to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Objectives: 1) To determine awareness about HIV among the adolescent age students. 2) To assess the interpretation regarding the signs and symptoms and mode of transmission. Method : A cross sectional study on Late adolescent college going students both males and females in a Junior College in Deoli block of Wardha district where 200 students were interviewed (Male: 117, Female: 83) by a pre-designed, pre-tested anonymous, self administered questionnaire was filled by 11 th , 12 th standard students after obtaining necessary permission from the school authority and consent was taken from the adolescent students. Result: 100% students were aware about HIV/AIDS. TV was the main source of information. Male students were found to have better knowledge regarding transmission and prevention of AIDS than female students. Decrease in misconceptions and an increase in knowledge occurred about various modes of transmission of HIV& its prevention. Conclusion: The present study highlights that most of them are aware of HIV/AIDS. TV and Internet plays a significant role in knowledge about HIV among adolescents.

The interaction of physical activity and the life quality of students in mid and late adolescence

The interaction of physical activity and the life quality of students in mid and late adolescence

Cross-Sectional Survey on Quitting Attempts among Adolescent Smokers in Dharan, Eastern Nepal.

Background. Adolescents frequently attempt smoking cessation but are unable to maintain long term abstinence because they are dependent on nicotine and experience withdrawal symptoms. Objectives. This study aimed to explore the quitting attempts among adolescent smokers in Dharan Municipality of Eastern Nepal. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess current smokers and quitting attempts among 1312 adolescent students in middle (14-15 years) and late adolescence (16–19 years). Chi square test was used for association of various factors with quitting attempts. Results. The prevalence of current smoking was 13.7%. Among the current smokers, 66.5% had attempted to quit in the past because they believed smoking was harmful to health (35.5%). The median duration of quitting was 150 days. Nearly 8% of the current smokers were unwilling to quit in the future because they thought it is already a habit (60%). Smokers who are willing to quit smoking in the future were more likely to have made quitting attempts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.40–4.45). Conclusion. Relapse often occurs even after multiple quitting attempts. Tobacco focused interventions to support abstinence are important during adolescence to prevent habituation.

Magnitude of sexual debut and associated factors among high school girl students in Amhara region, North Western Ethiopia

The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the magnitude and causes of early sexual debut among high school girl students in Gondar and Metema city administrations public schools in Amhara region, northwestern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study carried out among high school girl students age between 15 to 19 years. A structured questionnaire used for collection of quantitative data from randomly selected 693 girl students. Data entered into SPSS version 16.0 for analysis purpose. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression used for quantify early sexual experience and associated factors. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. All statistical tests performed with two-tailed tests significant at p <0.05. Sexual experience among high school girls is 31.9%. Girls from the Gondar city (33.3%) had a greater number have sexual debut than girls from Meteme city (27.8%). As far as birth place and sexual experience is concerned, urban born girls 1.8(OR=0.553, 95% CI: 0.937–1.011) times more likely have a sexual experience than rural born girls. Alcohol consumed girl students 3.64 (OR= 3.64, 95% CI: 1.596–8.311, P=0.002) times more likely to have a sexual experience than not alcohol consumed girls. Regarding chewing chat, girls who have a habit of chewing chat 2.99 (OR= 2.99, 95% CI: 1.375–6.516, P=0.006) is more likely to have a sexual experience as compared to non chat chewers. Girls who were pressured by Peer groups 2.348 (OR=2.348, 95% CI: 1.035–5.327) times more likely to have a sexual experience than others. The magnitude of sexual debut among late adolescent girl students in the study area is 31.9%. Drinking alcohols, chewing chat and peer pressure is the significant determinants of sexual debut among high school girls of Gondar and Metema towns.

Does internet dependence affect young people's psycho-social status? Intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between internet dependence in university students in late adolescence and self-image. The research group consisted of first year university students studying in various departments of the Karadeniz Technical University Fatih Faculty of Education. The study was performed with 623 students, 454 female and 169 male. The Internet Dependence Questionnaire, the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire and a Personal Data Form were used for data collection. Pearson product moment coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis results showed that students' internet dependence was significantly negatively correlated with the self-image subdimensions intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the self-image subdimensions of intrafamilial and social relations and impulse control subdimensions significantly predict internet dependence.

Traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and Internet addiction symptoms among late adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis

The association between traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and substance abuse is well established. Less is known about the role of traumatic experiences and alexithymia in the onset and maintenance of Internet-related disorders. In the present study, self-report measures on traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and problematic Internet use were administered to 358 high school students (57% females) aged 18–19years old, to test whether alexithymic traits mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and Internet addiction symptoms, and whether gender moderated the proposed mediation in the sample. While partial mediation occurred in the entire sample, gender directly affected the relationship between the investigated constructs: Internet addiction symptoms were independently related to traumatic experiences among males, and to alexithymic traits among females. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that trauma memories among males, and problems with affect regulation among females, may increase the risk of problematic Internet use during late adolescence. Such findings might have relevant implications to inform any treatment plan for late adolescent students who are overinvolved with online activities, pointing out that tailored approaches to their problems and difficulties are particularly needed in clinical practice.

No Harm No Foul Behavior and Consumption Motivation Among Indonesian Students

Large scale corruption could start from everyday unethical daily behavior. Due to its “everyday” nature, the effects of such behavior often go unnoticed. This research examines the no harm no foul behavior (NHNF) as a behavior that is located in the “gray area” but can be perceived as unethical by some people. The psychological predictors of the behavior will be investigated, i.e. utilitarian and hedonic motivation in a world of consumption. Participants were late adolescent students recruited through convenience sampling technique in the Greater Area of Jakarta, the Capital of Indonesia (148 males, 72 females; Mage = 20.055 years old, SDage = 1.181 years). It was found that utilitarian motivation can predict the evaluation of NHNF as an unethical behavior in a positive direction while hedonic motivation was not found to be able to predict it. Suggestions to improve the NHNF measurement and implications also issues to be considered when applying the results of the study will be discussed at the end of this article.

Raised a Teenage Kataphatic

The framework for this study comes from the historical and contextual theory ofapophaticandkataphaticspiritual typologies within the “Circle of Sensibility” espoused by spiritual type theorists. This study analyses seven years of collected data, comparing spiritual type similarities and differences of late adolescent students at a private Christian university in the United States. A major premise of the study underscores the influence catechetical models have on faith development during mid-to-late adolescence. A subsidiary objective of the study measured participants’ perceptions of the importance and frequency of practice of twelve spiritual disciplines. The results of the study confirm outcomes in all four major spiritual type categories within the Circle of Sensibility. Based on the findings, the author offers several recommendations for research in utilising spiritual type theory for understanding catechetical models within youth ministry praxis.

Mediating Effect of Anxiety to Perform Social Skill on The Relationship Between Inter-Parental Conflict and Adolescents’ Self-Efficacy

Despite of importance of self-efficacy in psychological and social well being among adolescent, still numbers of student suffers of low self-efficacy and consequently low academic performance. Therefore, this is important to examine what factors associate with self-efficacy among adolescent. This study aims to determine the relationships between inter-parental conflict, anxiety to perform social skill and self-efficacy among late adolescent students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This quantitative study used a correlation research design. Participants of this study were 374 female and male collage students aged between 17-19 years old. Participants were identified by probability proportional for size sampling. Self- administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Instruments consist of General Self-Efficacy Scale, The Children’s Perception of Inter-parental Conflict Scale, Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour. All the instruments were highly reliable. Descriptive, bi-variate and multivariate statistics were used in data analysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that perception of inter-parental conflicts and anxiety to perform social skill were negatively related to adolescent’s self-efficacy (p&lt;0.05). The result of study also shows that anxiety to performance of social skill partially mediates the relationships between inter-parental conflicts with self- efficacy among respondents. The result of the present study highlighted the importance of maternal and paternal factors in enhancing self-efficacy among late adolescent students. The nature of anxiety to perform social skill as a mediator implied that self-efficacy of adolescents can be improved if parent-adolescent relationships be improved and adolescent do not experience insecurity and anxiety. High level of warmth parental attachment may have benefit for adolescent‘s self-efficacy.