Compulsory Education Students Research Articles

The parents’ internet use and children’s extracurricular tutoring class participation

The educational burden from extracurricular tutoring class has become a pressing social issue in China. This study used data from the China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2014, 2016, and 2018 to empirically analyze the impact of Internet usage on children’s participation in extracurricular tutoring class. There are many factors that influence parents’ decisions to enroll their children in extracurricular tutoring class. These factors include family income status, the level of importance parents place on their children’s education, the marginal returns on educational investment, academic pressure, etc. However, in today’s digitalized society, the widespread use of the internet will also become an important influencing factor in parents’ decisions regarding educational investment. The study finds that, parents by using the Internet significantly increase the probability of enrolling their children in extracurricular tutoring class. Through mechanism regression analysis, it is concluded that internet usage has a positive influence on parents enrolling their children in extracurricular tutoring class by increasing the frequency of social interaction and raising parents’ educational expectations for their children. Based on the empirical results, the following policy suggestions were proposed: 1. Schools should establish a more comprehensive after-school education service system to improve the engagement of students in compulsory education; 2. The government can enhance the accessibility and optimization of educational resources by increasing investment in education, improving the quality of in-school education, and optimizing the management and supervision of extracurricular tutoring class. This ensures that students can access high-quality educational services.

(Re)countering multilingualism and refugee-background students in Australian compulsory education

Compared with nations around the world, Australia has one of the highest rates of refugee resettlement per capita. Approximately 40 per cent of newly arrived refugees in Australia in 2018–19 were under the age of 18 and close to 90 per cent spoke a language other than English. Given that education is compulsory until the age of 16 in most states and territories of Australia, young people labelled as refugee-background students (RBSs) are tasked with navigating the English-only education system, in which their multilingualism is often viewed as a barrier; however, there are increasing calls for research to focus on the positive, affirmative practices of RBSs through a strengths-based approach in education, to counter a ‘damage-centred’ and deficit discourse. Thus, this article presents a systematic literature review of studies conducted in Australia with RBSs between 2010 and 2022. Specifically, this review explores the strengths-based multilingual practices of RBSs in compulsory education in Australia. Inspired by RefugeeCrit theory, we seek to highlight strengths-based examples of RBSs multilingual practices as examples of counter-narratives to the prevailing deficit discourse, while remaining attentive to issues of trauma, agency and multilingualism.

An fsQCA approach to identifying pathways to K-9 students’ online learning engagement

Student engagement has been shown to function as a pathway leading to valued educational outcomes. This study used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to reveal how various configurations of sex, grade level, teaching presence, social presence, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and parental support lead to high online learning engagement (OLE) in a sample of 516 compulsory education (K-9) students from three provinces in Central and Eastern China. The results indicated that eight configurations of the conditions were required to attain high OLE. Of these, one configuration was sufficient to explain high OLE for all students regardless of sex and grade level, five different configurations lead to high OLE for elementary school students, and one configuration explained high OLE for boys and girls regardless of grade level. Identifying these specific configurations could help teachers to design and provide personalized online learning experiences that enhance student engagement.

Research on the Development Strategy of Intangible Cultural Heritage Theme Study Tour for Primary and Secondary School Students in Tai'an City

The implementation of the policy of reducing the homework burden and extracurricular training burden on students in compulsory education reflects the emphasis on cultivating comprehensive abilities of students at the national level. Study tour is a comprehensive practical education activity course that closely integrates on campus education and off campus education. Its learning, exploratory, and experiential nature is an effective way to enhance students' comprehensive quality, cultivate innovative spirit, and practical ability. In recent years, the country and various provinces and cities have regarded study tours as an important part of promoting quality education, and have successively introduced various policy measures to encourage the development of study tours. Intangible cultural heritage study tour is a cultural tourism education activity that integrates the design and development of "intangible cultural heritage" and "study tour". It can not only guide the learning and practice of primary and secondary school students, but also promote the "active" inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. This article takes Tai'an City as the research object, starting from stakeholder theory, tourism experience theory, and education related theory, and adopts literature research, questionnaire survey, and field investigation methods to study the intangible cultural heritage study tour in Tai'an City. It proposes three principles for the development of intangible cultural heritage study tour products, and proposes to build a "big publicity pattern", develop a type of "diversified curriculum", and provide a "comprehensive support" The development strategy of building a "professional team" is to design an intangible cultural heritage study tour product that combines ancient architecture and shadow puppetry, in order to explore a development model suitable for the actual study tour product in Tai'an City, and provide reference and ideas for other counties and even larger study tour markets.

Gender Perception of Students in Compulsory Education Regarding Mathematics and Reading

<p style="text-align:justify">This study explores the extent to which the gendered views exist among students in Kosovo’s compulsory education (primary and lower secondary schools) regarding mathematics and reading. It analyzes students’ perceptions of these academic domains concerning the performance of their peers (the same others) from the gender perspective. Additionally, it examines students’ perspectives on the opinions of their parents and teachers (their significant others) regarding girls’ and boys’ performance in math and reading. Furthermore, the study investigates whether students hold gender-stereotypical attitudes toward professions related to math and those that heavily rely on reading skills. The survey method was used to conduct this study. A sample of 531 students in compulsory education participated in this study, completing a paper-based questionnaire consisting of 14 items evenly distributed between mathematics and reading. The findings indicate that around half of the respondents believe that girls and boys perform equally well in both mathematics and reading and that parents and teachers hold the same views regarding the performance of their children/students in these academic domains. However, among the remaining portion of respondents who expressed gendered views, a higher percentage favored boys as being more proficient in math, while girls were seen as superior in reading skills. This study emphasized the need to address and mitigate these gender stereotypes, to ensure that students of both genders can pursue their careers successfully without any limitations.</p>

Research on School Choice of Students in Compulsory Education in China

Research on School Choice of Students in Compulsory Education in China

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years - Western and Central Rural Areas, China, 2012-2021.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a leading global nutritional concern, ranking among the top four major nutritional deficiencies worldwide. The prevalence of VAD is unevenly distributed across various regions, both within China and globally. The report adds valuable insights into the vitamin A nutritional status of rural students aged 6-17 years who participated in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES). Over the decade from 2012 to 2021, there was a modest improvement in vitamin A status. The prevalence of VAD and sub-clinical VAD (SVAD) declined as the students aged. Throughout the majority of the survey years, the incidence of VAD was higher among males and western regions compared to females and central regions, respectively. A comprehensive approach, incorporating dietary diversification, nutrition education, and food fortification, should be implemented to prevent VAD and SVAD especially in males, younger children and children in western areas.

Exploration of Primary School English Innovative Homework Design Strategies in the Context of “Double Reduction” From a Multi-Dimensional Perspective

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council have issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education, proposing ways to comprehensively reduce the excessive academic burden on students and make homework assignments more scientific and reasonable. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Double Reduction policy, schools and educators have been exploring new modes of homework management, so it is urgent and necessary to conduct related research. This study proposes strategies for optimizing the after-school English homework in the upper elementary grades in multiple subjects from multiple perspectives. Schools should strengthen guidance management training and clarify teachers’ responsibilities; teachers should improve their homework management skills in three aspects: awareness, homework design forms, and homework evaluation; students should improve their homework self-management awareness and ability; and parents should do a good job at home of monitoring and motivating their children.

The impact of socioeconomic vulnerability on the incidence of COVID-19 in school students

Abstract Inequalities have been observed in the spread of COVID-19 due to higher incidence rates in environments with greater socioeconomic deprivation. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between socioeconomic level and the incidence of COVID-19 in students of schools in the city of Barcelona, in different epidemic waves. Cross-sectional ecological study on compulsory education students (N = 176,390). Unit of analysis: the 780 schools in the city. Study period: second (autumn 2020), third (winter 2020-21) and sixth epidemic waves (winter 2021-22). Dependent variable: Cumulative Incidence (CI) of COVID-19 among school students. Independent variables: complexity and ownership of the school, indexes in quartiles (being Q4 the most disadvantaged) of vulnerable students of the school and the Available Family Income (AFI) of the neighbourhood of the school. Stratified by sex and educational stage (Primary/Secondary). A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression to calculate crude Relative Risks and adjusted (aRR). As an impact measure, the Population Attributable Risk was calculated. In the second wave, 41% of the CI in primary boys was attributed to the vulnerability of the school (Q4: aRR=1.96 [1.10-3.50]), and 36% to a lower AFI in the neighbourhood of the school in secondary boys (Q4: aRR=3.18 [1.25-8.13]). Instead, in the sixth wave, taking Q4 as a reference, 35% of the CI in primary girls was attributed to lower vulnerability indices of the school (Q1: aRR=1.82 [1.52-2.20]), and 38% higher AFI from the neighbourhood of the school in secondary girls (Q1: aRR=1.99 [1.33-2.98]). In the third wave, the results are mixed and less significant in the models. The results obtained show that there was an inversion of the impact of social inequalities in the CI of COVID-19 in the second wave compared to the sixth. This reflects the need to delve into the contextual factors that favour the spread of communicable diseases. Key messages • The socioeconomic vulnerability of school students has been associated with a higher Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 in the second wave, but this pattern has been reversed in the sixth wave. • Between 18 and 41% - depending on gender, educational level and epidemic wave- of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 in Barcelona schools can be attributed to factors of socioeconomic deprivation.

Research on Pre-employment Junior High School Mathematics Teachers' Perceptions of Model Concept Literacy in China

At present, the educational problem of model concept literacy of students in compulsory education has become one of the focuses of attention in China, and many scholars have conducted research on it, but there are fewer studies on the cognitive level of model concept literacy of pre-employment teachers, and there is still a research gap. In this study, 20 graduate students majoring in subject teaching mathematics and undergraduates who have been admitted to this specialty in a university were surveyed, and the open-ended interview method was used to investigate the model concept literacy of pre-employment teachers. The analysis of the data revealed that (1) the depth of pre-employment teachers' knowledge of model concept is shallow and remains concentrated at a low level, especially with regard to the concept of model concept and the requirements that students need to meet; (2) the depth of pre-employment teachers' knowledge of the model concept was shallow and still concentrated at a low level; and (3) the clarity of pre-employment teachers' knowledge of the model concept was low, few teachers clearly recognize the points in Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2022 edition), and they either did not have a full understanding of the model concept or did not have a good understanding of the model concept. Therefore, it is recommended that: (1) pre-employment teachers should have an all-round understanding of the model concept and related contents; (2) they should have an in-depth understanding of the requirements and meanings of model concept at different levels; and (3) they should be able to clearly and accurately articulate the requirements of the Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards (2022 edition) and put them into practice.

Study on the Role of English Teachers in Primary Schools under the Policy of Double Reduction

In China, students have been facing significant academic pressure and a heavy homework burden, which has adverse effects on their physical and mental well-being. To address this issue, the “double reduction” policy was introduced, aiming to decrease the workload for students in compulsory education. However, this policy presents challenges for English teachers who must navigate their roles within the policy context while ensuring the quality of English teaching. This article utilizes literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and interviews to explore the roles of English teachers, including policy implementation, transformative educational approaches, homework design, efficient classroom practices, professional development, and student learning facilitation. The study proposes potential solutions to address common challenges encountered by English teachers in China.

The Current State and Characteristics of Parental Educational Anxiety and Contributing Factors

The study focused on the parents of compulsory education students in Shanghai city. Through a large-scale survey and subsequent data analysis, it aimed to the status quo and characteristics of educational anxiety among parents of compulsory education students; analyze the factors in parental educational anxiety from the standpoints of educational policies, schools, families, and students; and propose recommendations on improving the education policy system from the perspective of policy design.

Treatment of history content and written expression in texts for foreign students in compulsory education in Spain

The aim of this paper is to conclude on the state of the art in terms of research, materials and needs in the teaching of written expression through the contents of Spanish History in Spain. The starting hypothesis is that there are no suitable materials for the academic and social inclusion of foreign students in our educational system. On this basis, a systematic review of the literature on the subject and of the materials offered by the main publishers in Spain has been carried out. As a working tool, a rubric was developed for the analysis of the materials, and an account was given of the treatment of History content and written expression activities in the selected textbooks. The reference documentation for the teaching of languages and History has been reviewed transversally. The results show the scarcity, or almost absence, of materials specifically developed for non-native learners, the lack of research on issues related to L1 didactics for these children, and the need to establish a European reference framework for history similar to those existing for language teaching and learning.

Develop AI Teaching and Learning Resources for Compulsory Education in China

Artificial intelligence course has been required to take for compulsory education students in China. However, not all teachers and schools are fully prepared and ready. This is partially because of the lack of adequate teaching and learning resources, which requires a major expenditure of time and effort for schools and teachers to design and develop. To meet the challenge of lacking appropriate resources in teaching and learning AI from grade 1 to grade 9, we developed AI knowledge structure and instructional resources based on Chinese national curriculum for information science and technology. Our comprehensive AI syllabus contains 90 core concepts, 63 learning indicators, and 27 teaching and learning resources, which have been implemented. The resources have been taken as model courses in teacher training programs and an exemplary course has been implemented in primary schools that verified the effectiveness of our resources.

Study of Changes in Parents' Educational Psychology Caused by Changes in Educational Policies in China and Japan

At present, China and Japan do not have a clear unified standard in terms of educational objectives, but in terms of educational policies, China and Japan are becoming more and more similar in their philosophy of human resource development. According to Fan (2022), both China and Japan have begun to "focus on the mastery of basic knowledge," "focus on the cultivation of abilities," "the comprehensive development of knowledge and abilities," and "the cultivation of comprehensive talents for the healthy development of children's bodies and minds. According to Fan (2022), these changes in the philosophy of talent training are, in the end, caused by the "view of learning ability" at different stages. The "view of learning ability" in a period affects the educational reform in a period." Although "free education" ended in Japan, the "abolition of free education" policy, which was reintroduced in 2008, still inherited its core elements. In 2021, China adopted measures to reduce the burden of homework and out-of-school training courses for students in compulsory education, known as the "double reduction." The current enactment of China's "double reduction" policy is also an inheritance and development of the implementation of the "burden reduction”. In recent years, "parents' anxiety about education" has been repeatedly mentioned as an implicit indicator to evaluate the level of education while the government is revising its education policies. Some studies have shown that "parents' anxiety about education" refers to parents' excessive concern about the process and results of their children's education at school. It is a general anxiety that is prevalent among parents. Japan has been successfully implementing the "free education elimination" policy for 15 years. Meanwhile, China, which has just implemented a "double reduction" policy, is a good example of alleviating parental anxiety. I think it is very meaningful to make efforts to eliminate parents' educational anxiety by exchanging contents related to the educational psychology of parents in China and Japan and identifying examples to learn.

Construction of malnutrition visualization system

To establish a set of visualization systems suitable for displaying the transition of malnutrition status in different population across time and space in China. Based on the data characteristics of the four monitoring systems, including the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, and the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, to be merged and the requirements of this project, the client/server architecture(C/S architecture) application mode was adopted, the Visual Studio 2019 development tool set, Python 3.7-10 and C # 8.0 language programming were used for data integration, and a complete set of data preprocessing, data conversion and data integration calculation processes were established. The malnutrition visualization system provided a visualization display system for the nutritional status of different populations under the multi database fusion index system based on the integrated malnutrition database. The system was able to not only modify, delete and update data, but query, display and analyze malnutrition conditions including growth retardation, low weight, emaciation, micronutrient deficiency, overweight, and obesity. Malnutrition visualization system dynamically presented the time series and spatial distribution of malnutrition among Chinese residents, and explored the regional characteristics and major challenges of nutrition problems in different periods.

Improvement of the Learning Strategies of University Students through a Program Based on Service-Learning

Background: Currently, educational attainment has risen significantly among young people, causing changes in the labor market where skills have become more important. Thus, tertiary education has become an “essential vehicle” to develop high-level skills that would boost students’ professional, social, and personal lives. Methods: The aim of the survey is to study the effects of an intervention program based on two methodologies, service-learning and peer mentoring, to enhance the learn-to-learn and social skills of undergraduate students. The sample was composed of 69 undergraduate students of four different degrees. The methodological design adopted was quasi-experimental pretest–posttest. The intervention consisted of 955 mentoring sessions (878 one-to-one and 77 in groups) among the undergraduate students and students in compulsory education. The undergraduate students participated as mentors. Before, they had three sessions of training. Weekly mentoring sessions were spread out during out-of-school time for 90 min each. Results: The results show a few statistically significant differences in favor of the posttest phase in strategies for the learning and social skills of the participants. Conclusions: Although the program did not obtain the expected results, these outcomes agree with the other studies that investigate intervention programs that use service-learning and peer mentoring methodologies.

Exploring the Influence of Family Factors on Junior High School Students' English Proficiency in the Context of the Double Reduction Policy

In the year 2021, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee announced a policy: Opinions on further reducing the burden of homework and off-campus training for students in compulsory education. Facing this newly announced policy, different parents and students have various actions towards it. Some parents lower their requirements on students' academic performance. However, other parents still keep a high standard for their studies. And English, as one of the compulsory courses, has been given great attention. This paper tries to find out appropriate guidance on what to do under this new policy. Through analyzing data collected by CEPS (China Education Panel Survey), a nationwide data collection, the following points have been found: students' academic performance in English study is closely and positively related to parents' economic resources, social relation resources, and family education. It is better for parents to react actively to this policy.

The Impact of Double Reduction Policy on the China’s Education System

On July 24, 2021, the General Offices of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the burden of homework and off-campus training for Students in compulsory Education (referred to as the "double reduction" policy). This policy has since dramatically changed the landscape of shadow education in China and has impacted millions of people, including those in the education industry. Chinese shadow education has been decimated and has taken a significant negative hit, requiring rapid transformation and upgrading to meet the challenge. While this policy has had a positive impact, which resulting in a significant reduction in stress for elementary and middle school students in the K-12 education system, however, the need for abundant educational resources for students has still not been effectively addressed. And this situation will continue to intensify as China's fertility rate continues to decline. This paper describes the description and impact analysis of the policy and uses the education reform in Japan as a research precedent to provide possible effect prediction and improvement options for the double reduction policy.

Optimization Strategies for Primary School Students’ Homework Design in the Context of “Double Reduction”

The Ministry of Education’s policy of “double reduction” aims to decrease the burden of homework and off-campus training for students in compulsory education. However, reducing the burden of homework cannot lead to a decline in learning quality. Therefore, optimizing homework design has become the focus of frontline teachers. This study analyzes the problems of primary school students’ homework design based on frontline teaching and management practices. It proposes optimization measures for primary school students’ homework design under the “double reduction” policy. Teachers should study the relevant concepts of homework design under this policy background and fully implement the homework management system. They should also innovate the layered operation design mode, control the number of operation design, establish an effective management feedback mechanism, and facilitate efficient communication between families and schools. The study highlights the increasing importance of cultivating students’ core literacy ability, which necessitates the adoption of new forms of education and homework design. Therefore, teachers should design homework that enhances students’ interest in subject knowledge, makes homework design more effective, and improves the quality of homework design. To achieve this, teachers should combine textbook knowledge with real-life examples, innovate the form of homework design, cultivate students’ comprehensive ability, liberate students from mechanical training, and enable them to consolidate basic knowledge in the practice of subject homework. This approach will improve the comprehensive training ability and core quality of students.