Students In Chongqing Research Articles

Attitudes towards and use of dental dams by final-year dental students in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate the current and intended future use of dental dams (DDs) and attitudes regarding DD use among final-year dental students at two levels (undergraduate and college) in dental schools...

Textual Features and Risk Preference Effects on Mental Health Education Among Teenager Students in Chongqing, China.

BackgroundMental health is a public health problem of great concern. Previous studies show that textual features and individual psychological characteristics can influence the effect of receiving information.PurposeThis study explores whether textual features influence the persuasiveness of teenager students’ mental health education while considering the influence of risk preference.MethodsFrom November to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,869 teenager students in grade 7–12 in Chongqing, China. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, multiple logistic regression, and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong the four textual features mentioned in this study, a significant difference was reported in the persuasive effects of information with and without numerical features (p < 0.001), and such information tended to include digital features. The result for the symbolic features (p < 0.001) was consistent with the numerical features. The persuasive effects of positive and negative emotional information significantly differed (p < 0.001), with the former showing a better performance. No significant differences were observed between the persuasive effects of information with and without emotional conflicts (p > 0.05). Combined with those from the risk preference analysis, results showed that the regulatory effect of risk preference was only reflected in emotional conflicts. Students who prefer having no emotional conflict in the text showed the characteristics of risk avoidance, or lower grades, or rural or school accommodation. Most teenager students are also risk averse, especially females (or = 2.223, 95%CI:1.755–2.815) and juniors (or = 1.533, 95%CI: 1.198–1.963).ConclusionThe numbers, symbols, and positive emotions in the text generate an active effect on teenager students receiving mental health education. Students avoiding risk are inclined to read texts without emotional conflicts. The probability of male choosing texts with positive emotional polarity is 33.5% lower than that of female. Female students and those from lower grades also demonstrate a higher inclination to risk avoidance compared with their male and higher grade counterparts. Therefore, educational materials with different text characteristics should be developed for teenager students with varying characteristics.

Development of Nutrition Literacy Scale for Middle School Students in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundInformation on nutrition literacy of middle schoolers is limited and tools for measuring nutrition literacy of middle schoolers are inadequate. Nutrition literacy has a positive effect on health. Improving children's nutrition literacy can help them to master the necessary nutritional knowledge, develop a healthy lifestyle, and learn to supplement nutrition according to their own needs for healthy growth.ObjectivesTo develop the Chongqing Middle school student Nutrition Literacy Scale (CM-NLS).MethodsThree experiments were conducted. A theoretical framework and an initial item pool of CM-NLS were established based on the literature review. And the two-round Delphi method was used to explore the suitable acceptance indicators and items. Item evaluation and reduction were performed using the classical test theory. Then, the items in the final CM-NLS were tested for their validity and reliability amongst 462 middle school students. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients.ResultsThe final CM-NLS consisting of 52 items that were based on three primary items (functional, interactive and critical) and six sub-items (obtain, understand, apply, interact, medial literacy and critical skill) was developed and validated. EFA suggested six factors explaining 69.44% of the total variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test = 0.916, Bartlett's test χ2 = 5,854.037, P < 0.001). CFA showed that the model fit the data adequately, with χ2/df = 1.911, root mean square error of approximation = 0.063, goodness-of-fit index = 0.822 and adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.790. The total CM-NLS Cronbach's alpha values of internal consistency and split-half reliability were 0.849 and 0.521, respectively, with reasonable reliability.ConclusionsCM-NLS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nutrition literacy among middle school students in Chongqing. Specifically, it could be used by practitioners for needs assessment before the implementation of a nutrition education program.

Association Between Nutrition Literacy and Overweight/Obesity of Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.

ObjectiveThe burden of overweight and obesity in adolescents is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to assess the association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity among adolescents in China.MethodsThis cross–sectional online study involving adolescents aged 10–18 years was conducted in September 2020 in 239 schools in Chongqing China. Overweight and obese adolescents were determined based on the International Obesity Task Force's recommended age–sex specific body mass index cutoff points. Nutrition literacy was measured using the “Nutrition literacy scale for middle school students in Chongqing (CM–NLS).” The CM–NLS included three subdomains (functional nutritional literacy, interactive nutrition literacy, and critical nutrition literacy). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the association.ResultsA total of 18,176 adolescents (49.8% girls) were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.6% and 17.0%, respectively. Compared with those having a low nutrition literacy score (below median), those with a high score were less likely to be overweight and obese. The odds ratio (95% CI) for overweight was 0.87 (0.79–0.97) (nutrition literacy) and 0.81 (0.73–0.90) (functional nutritional literacy). The corresponding figures for obesity were 0.84 (0.77–0.91) and 0.73 (0.67–0.80), respectively. Significant interaction existed between grade and nutrition literacy. The inverse association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity was significant among those in senior school but not among those in junior high school.ConclusionNutrition literacy was inversely associated with overweight/obesity among adolescents, especially those attending senior high schools.

Nutrition Literacy of Middle School Students and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.

Nutrition literacy plays an important role in children's dietary habits and nutrition. This study aimed to analyse the status of nutrition literacy and its influencing factors amongst middle school students in Chongqing, China. “Nutrition literacy scale for middle school students in Chongqing” was used in 29 districts of Chongqing in September 2020. The scores of nutrition literacy and its' three sub-domains (functional, interactive and critical nutrition literacy) were divided into low and high groups based on their median scores. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the influencing factors of nutrition literacy. A total of 18,660 middle school students were included in this study. The median of nutrition literacy of middle school students was 61.68 (IQR = 14.37). Interactive nutrition literacy had the highest score (median = 70.00, IQR = 20.00), followed by functional nutrition literacy (median = 68.69, IQR = 14.14) and critical nutrition literacy (median = 45.83, IQR = 25.00). Students who were the minority (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.637–0.785), in senior high school (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.477–0.548), in rural areas (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.790–0.911), receiving school meal support from the government (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.591–0.664), with other caregivers' parenting (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.805–0.914), with parents having a low level of education and with an abnormal BMI [thin (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.837–0.990), overweight (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.785–0.968), and obese (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.767–0.902)] presented less probability of being a high level of nutrition literacy. Our results could assist public health authorities in developing strategies of nutrition literacy promotion for references and theoretical foundations.

Low-level and combined exposure to environmental metal elements affects male reproductive outcomes: Prospective MARHCS study in population of college students in Chongqing, China

BackgroundMale fertility has shown a continuously declining tendency for decades. Over exposure to metal/metalloid elements has been proposed as associated with reproductive impairment. However, the hazard profile remained unclear in general public experiencing low-level and combined metal exposure. MethodsBased on the MARHCS cohort in Chongqing, China, 796 college students were recruited from June 2013 and 666 subjects were followed up next year. At each phase, semen and blood samples were collected for an assessment of semen quality and six sex hormones levels. Eighteen urinary metal/metalloid elements were quantified by ICP-MS as internal exposure biomarkers. Cluster analysis was conducted to characterize reproductive outcomes in the subgroups for different overall estimated exposure levels. Effects of each metal/metalloid element were analyzed using multiple statistical strategies: single-element mixed model, multiple-elements model and self before-after comparison design. ResultsThe urine concentration for 18 metal/metalloid elements was at a typically lower level (far away from the exposure limits) and positively associated with each other. After adjustment of the potential confounders, a decrease of 11.53% (95% CI: −18.61, −3.84%) and 10.84% (95% CI: −17.93, −3.14%) in spermatid morphology was observed in the highest quantile groups of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), respectively. Urinary silver (Ag) was dose-dependent associated with an increase in total sperm number (6.91%, 95% CI: 1.14, 13.00%), sperm concentration (16.38%, 95% CI: 5.15, 28.81%) and semen volume (23.73%, 95% CI: 10.46, 38.60%). Further, hormone testosterone presented a significant decrease in subgroup with higher overall estimated exposure and a stable negative association with lithium (Li). The above relationships remained significant across different statistical strategies (all p values <0.05). ConclusionOur study provided new evidences that exposure to metal/metalloid elements potentially exert bidirectional influences on semen quality at a relatively low level. And serum testosterone appears as a vulnerable index for metal exposure.

Prevalence and correlation of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students in Chongqing

Objective To understand the status of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing, and to explore the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Methods From 2016 to 2017, a total of 1 360 primary and middle school students, aged 7 to 17 years old, were selected from three rural and three urban sites in Chongqing using multi-stage stratified random sampling. This study carried out a questionnaire survey, and participants underwent a physical examination which included blood pressure and serum vitamin D assessments. Results The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D were 9.71%, and 62.57%, respectively. The high blood pressure rate was 25.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, economic status, waist circumference, BMI classification, and family history of hypertension, the risk of hypertension was 1.42 times that of the normal group ( P<0.05), and the risk of high systolic blood pressure was 1.59 times that of the normal group ( P<0.05). Conclusion The deficiency and insufficiency rate of vitamin D among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing was high, and the phenomenon of high blood pressure was prominent. Students with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely to have high blood pressure. 【摘要】 目的 了解重庆市中小学生维生素 D 缺乏和血压偏高现况及其相关性, 为有针对性防治儿童高血压的发生发展 提供参考依据。 方法 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月, 通过多阶段分层随机抽样在重庆市选择 3 个农村点和 3 个城市点共 1 360 名 7~17 岁中小学生, 开展问卷调查、体格测量、血压测量和血清维生素 D 检测。 结果 中小学生维生素D缺乏率为 9.71%, 不足率为 62.57%; 血压偏高率为 25.88%。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 调整了年龄、经济状况、腰围和体质 量指数 (BMI) 分类、高血压家族史等因素后, 维生素 D 缺乏和不足组发生高血压的风险是正常组的 1.42倍, 收缩压偏高的 风险是正常组的 1.59倍 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 重庆市中小学生维生素 D 缺乏和不足、血压偏高现象较突出, 需引起关 注。维生素 D 不足和缺乏者较容易出现血压偏高。

Knowledge, training and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo evaluate knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among Chinese college students and their attitude towards participating in CPR training and willingness to perform bystander CPR.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 1128...

Knowledge, Training Status and Willingness to Implement Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Medical University Students in Chongqing, China

Timely bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is key to improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Medical university students are potential bystander CPR providers. This study aimed to identify the current level of CPR knowledge, the present status of training and factors affecting the willingness to perform CPR among medical university students in Chongqing, China. Random sampling method was used and a total of 1159 medical university students were included in this study. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used, which included: Demographic characteristics, basic CPR knowledge, CPR training experience, variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior and willingness to implement CPR. The data were analyzed using x2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The respondents' mean CPR knowledge score was 3.19±1.81 (total of 6 points). Forty-eight point one percent of the respondents had received CPR training and 85.2% said they were willing to participate in CPR training. In case of cardiac arrest, 49.9% of respondents were willing to perform CPR. It was found that respondents with CPR training experience, high CPR knowledge level, high Subjective Norm (SN) scores, high Attitude towards the Behavior (AB) scores and high Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) scores were more willing to perform CPR. It is necessary to incorporate CPR courses into medical universities' compulsory curriculum to increase the willingness to implement CPR.

Research on Evaluation and Improvement of Perceived Value of Study Tour for Primary and Middle School Students

The student perceived value is an important criterion for evaluating the success of study tour. Firstly, the paper reviews domestic and foreign literature to define the concept and connotation of perceived value of study tour for primary and middle school students. Secondly, the paper summarizes the measurement scale of perceived value of study tour, and constructs a conceptual model. Then, it conducts questionnaire survey of 260 primary and middle school students in Chongqing, and makes statistical analysis on the survey data. The results show that, primary and middle school student perceived value of study tour in Chongqing is at the upper-middle level, but there is much room for improvement in ability value and emotional value. Finally, from two aspects, the paper proposes some countermeasure for improving the perceived value of study tour for primary and middle school students in Chongqing.

Low-Level and Combined Exposure to Environmental Metal Elements Affects Male Reproductive Outcomes: Prospective Marhcs Study in Population of College Students in Chongqing, China

Low-Level and Combined Exposure to Environmental Metal Elements Affects Male Reproductive Outcomes: Prospective Marhcs Study in Population of College Students in Chongqing, China

An exposomic approach with 138 chemical and non-chemical exposures to predict 32 biomarkers of male reproductive damages: A case study of college students in Chongqing, China

Male reproductive damage in the general population comprises different disorders in various biomarkers, which could be respectively caused by a number of exposure factors. However, researchers considering the environmental/behavioral/psychological exposures together to evaluate their contribution to male reproductive damage are still lacking. The present study investigated the comprehensive association between 138 environmental/behavioral/psychological exposures and 32 male reproductive biomarkers in 796 young Chinese men using graph-guided fused lasso (GFLASSO) and hierarchical clustering methods. All biomarkers were found to be associated with various exposures. A combination of these exposures not only predicted the levels of single biomarkers in another test dataset, but also identified the comprehensive reproductive features by clustering the men into five subgroups with distinct damages representing disrupted spermatogenesis with abnormal sperm morphology, low sperm motility with DNA fragmentation, chromatin immaturity, aberrant endocrine, or DNA strand breakage. The findings can be used to suggest a novel way to identify the males with a high risk of reproductive damage and develop personalized preventive strategies.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to WG consumption among college students: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China

ObjectivesThis work aimed to investigate WG (WG)–related knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAPs) and factors affecting WG consumption among college students in Chongqing, China. Study designA cross-sectional study was performed among 2500 students from six universities using a self-administered questionnaire. MethodsThe chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. ResultsOnly 14.7% of the participants were aware of WG, 57.1% supported the consumption of WG, and only 8.5% consumed WG regularly in the last month. Participants with poor knowledge of WG were about 2 times more likely to not concern about chronic diseases (CDs) than concern about CDs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.241, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.030–4.877). Women were less likely to have a poor attitude to WG compared with men (OR = 0.682, 95% CI, 0.529–0.878), whereas women were more likely to have a poor WG practice (OR = 2.335, 95% CI, 1.327–4.111). ConclusionsAlthough results showed low levels of WG knowledge and practices, this study still supports positive attitudes to acquire WG–related knowledge among college students in Chongqing, China.

Psychological Capital Mediating the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia in Chinese Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeA much higher prevalence of alexithymia has been found in medical students compared with the general population. This study aimed to test the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between childhood trauma and alexithymia in Chinese medical students, thereby providing clues for future interventions aimed at dealing with alexithymia in this population.MethodsConvenience cluster sampling was used to recruit 1200 medical students in Chongqing, China. This cross-sectional study utilised the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. A structural equation model with maximum likelihood was used to study the mediating effect presented in the aim, and the significance of the mediating effect was examined by the bootstrap method. Multiple-group invariance analyses were also conducted to confirm the stability of the model.ResultsA total of 1018 were identified to have valid responses with a rate of 84.83%. 38.4% were males, 61.6% were females. The prevalence of alexithymia was 16.5%. Results of structural equation model showed that childhood trauma was positively related to alexithymia, with a standard path coefficient of 0.219 (C.R.=6.644, P<0.001). The partial mediating effect of psychological capital was 0.060 (P<0.001), accounting for 21.51% of the total effect of childhood trauma on alexithymia. Results of bootstrap method showed that the lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval did not contain 0, and the multiple-group invariance analyses showed that the p values of the changes in the degrees of freedom and chi-square value were greater than 0.05, thus confirming the stability of the model.ConclusionChildhood trauma was a direct predictor of alexithymia among Chinese medical students, and the relationship between these two was partially mediated by psychological capital. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing psychological capital in this population may be effective at diminishing alexithymia.

Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling

BackgroundThe prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among children in Chongqing has not yet been determined. This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and possible relationships between myopia and several related factors among school children in Chongqing.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 997 children (7–13 years of age) attending primary school in Chongqing. Data were obtained from visual acuity and refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity < 5.0 and refractive error (spherical equivalent) of < − 0.50 diopters (D) in either eye. Multilevel modeling was applied to investigate potential risk factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of myopia was 33.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0–36.8]; myopia prevalence significantly increased with age. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys [odds ratio (OR) = 1.449, 95% CI = 1.060–1.979]. Children with paternal myopia (OR = 2.130, 95% CI = 1.376–3.297) or maternal myopia (OR = 1.861, 95% CI =1.153–3.002) had a higher risk of myopia than those without myopic parents. Children who spent more than 1 h daily outdoors were less likely to have myopia; meanwhile, children who did homework more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.041–4.804), watched television more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.106, 95% CI = 1.200–3.697), or played electronics more than 1 h daily (OR = 2.983, 95% CI = 2.088–4.262) had a higher risk of myopia.ConclusionsMyopia in school children is a serious public health problem in Chongqing. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher age, female sex, parental myopia, and spending a long time indoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.

Differences in Lifestyle Behaviours of Students between Inner Urban and Peri-urban High Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.

Background: Lifestyle behaviours of students from schools in different socioeconomic areas may be different. Few studies have investigated such topics in China. This study aimed to explore the differences in lifestyle behaviours between inner urban high school students (IUHSSs) and peri-urban high school students (PUHSSs). Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on a self-report questionnaire was administered among 1560 high school students (726 from inner urban high schools and 834 from peri-urban high schools) in Chongqing, China. Physical activity, sleep time, screen time and dietary behaviours were assessed according to a series of recommendations of Chinese guidelines. Results: No significant difference was found in meeting the recommendation for daily physical activity between IUHSSs and PUHSSs (7.6% vs. 6.8%, p > 0.05). PUHSSs were more likely to meet the recommendations of weekdays’ sleep time (14.9% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001), weekdays’ and weekends’ screen time (85.4% vs. 76.7%, p < 0.001; 21.1% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001), and had higher proportion of high-score group of dietary behaviours (58.6% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.001) than those of IUHSSs. IUHSSs were more likely to meet the recommendation of weekends’ sleep time (75.6% vs. 67.9%, p < 0.001) than that of PUHSSs. Conclusions: A low proportion met the recommendations of physical activity, weekdays’ sleep time and weekends’ screen time among high school students in Chongqing, China. Lifestyle behaviours may differ between inner urban and peri-urban high school students. Additional support or targeted health education should be provided by high schools to improve the lifestyle behaviours of students, especially in inner urban districts.

Internet addiction and poor quality of life are significantly associated with suicidal ideation of senior high school students in Chongqing, China.

BackgroundAdolescence is a vulnerable period of life, and many mental health and behavioral problems emerge during this particular period, including depression, internet addiction (IA), and suicidal behaviors. Poor quality of life (QOL) and IA have been found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese university students, of whom most have been adults. Nevertheless, their associations with SI are rarely studied among Chinese adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine these relationships in a representative adolescent sample of Chinese senior high school students, who are experiencing an enormous transition from childhood to adulthood.MethodsBy using multi-stage sampling, a total of 26,688 students were successfully recruited from 29 senior high schools of a very large City in western China, Chongqing municipality. In this cross-sectional online survey, students’ demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected with a standardized questionnaire. The Young’s IA Test, the Chinese Six-item QOL questionnaire, and item 15 of the Symptom Checklist-90-R were used to measure IA, QOL, and SI, respectively.ResultsThe 1-month prevalence of SI was 11.5% among students of senior high schools in Chongqing, China. Students with SI had significantly higher QOL scores (17.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.7 ± 3.8, P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of IA (49.6% vs. 25.6%, P < 0.001) than those without SI. After controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates, IA (odd ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 0.003) and a high QOL score (OR = 1.09, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with SI.ConclusionSuicidal ideation is prevalent among Chinese adolescents and it is associated with IA and poor QOL. Measures aimed at reducing IA and improving QOL may help prevent suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents.

Personal Involvement Moderates Message Framing Effects on Food Safety Education among Medical University Students in Chongqing, China.

Objective: This study explored whether the efficacy of food safety education interventions can be increased by message framing among medical university students, and demonstrated the role of personal involvement within the message recipient in moderating framed effects. Methods: A cross-sectional study of food safety message framing was conducted among medical university students (randomly selected 1353 participants). An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Ordered multivariate logistic regression were utilised in the data analyses. Results: The present study showed significant differences in acceptance between the gain- and loss-framed groups (p < 0.001). Participants with higher personal involvement had higher acceptance than those with low personal involvement in gain- and loss-framed message models (p < 0.001). The acceptance of participants who were concerned about their health condition was higher than those who were neutral regarding their health condition (p < 0.001) and participants who suffered a food safety incident had higher acceptance than those who did not (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study portrayed the selection preference of message framing on food safety education among medical university students in southwest China. Participants exposed to loss-framed messages had higher message acceptance than those exposed to gain-framed messages. Personal involvement may affect the food safety message framing. Public health advocates and professionals can use framed messages as a strategy to enhance intervention efficacy in the process of food safety education.

Food safety related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the students from nursing, education and medical college in Chongqing, China

This study aims to examine the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the students from nursing, education and medical colleges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3454 college students in Chongqing, China in 2016. On food safety knowledge, the medical students scored the highest (10.29 ± 2.54) and the nursing students scored the lowest (8.51 ± 2.56). On food safety attitudes, the education students scored the highest (40.07 ± 5.88) and the medical students scored the lowest (39.53 ± 5.34). On food safety practices, the education students scored the highest (27.06 ± 4.59) and the nursing students scored the lowest (24.66 ± 4.82). The differences on food safety KAP scores among three school categories were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). The percentages of correct responses of nursing, education and medical students on “Frozen foods should be thawed in refrigerators”, “Shelf life means the period in which prepackaging foods maintain quality” and “Spices and flavors can be used in milk” were lower than 50%. More than 70% of the students were concerned or very concerned about pesticide residues in vegetables, the veterinary drug residue of meat, the heavy metal pollution of food and the transfer of plasticizers in food containers and packaging materials. More than 80% of the students were willing to improve their knowledge of food safety and to change their inappropriate food safety practices. Almost 30.0% of the students often or always asked businesses to deal with or complaints to the relevant departments when encountered with food safety problems. About 40.0% of the students often or always stored food according to the food labels. The multivariable analyses indicated that the school category was associated with food safety knowledge and practices scores. Compared with those who did not pay attention to food safety information through We-media, those who paid had higher scores on food safety KAP. In conclusion, college students were very concerned about some food safety problems, and they had inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practices toward food safety. More effective food safety interventions should be conducted among nursing, education and medical students. The role of We-media in food safety intervention needs further study.

Caffeinated Drinks Intake, Late Chronotype, and Increased Body Mass Index among Medical Students in Chongqing, China: A Multiple Mediation Model.

Background: This paper investigates the problems regarding caffeinated drinks intake, late chronotype, and increased body mass index (BMI) among medical students at a Chinese university. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with 616 medical students from Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China, whose information were collected by a self-reported questionnaire that included four sections: Demographic characteristics; Caffeinated drinks intake and physical state; Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to test the impact of late chronotype on increased BMI through caffeinated drinks consumption through two models. Results: The significantly mediated effect of caffeinated drinks consumption was revealed (estimate: −0.01, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.02, −0.01]), and which played a positive role in linking late chronotype (B = −0.01, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001) and increased BMI (B = 1.37, SE = 0.21, p < 0.01), but their significant association did not be found in reversed model. In addition, physical activity and inactivity times demonstrated significant indirect effects in the two models. Conclusions: Interventions should focus on reducing caffeinated drinks intake and sedentary behavior time, enhancing physical activity among medical students.