Prevalence and correlation of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students in Chongqing

Abstract

Objective To understand the status of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing, and to explore the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Methods From 2016 to 2017, a total of 1 360 primary and middle school students, aged 7 to 17 years old, were selected from three rural and three urban sites in Chongqing using multi-stage stratified random sampling. This study carried out a questionnaire survey, and participants underwent a physical examination which included blood pressure and serum vitamin D assessments. Results The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D were 9.71%, and 62.57%, respectively. The high blood pressure rate was 25.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, economic status, waist circumference, BMI classification, and family history of hypertension, the risk of hypertension was 1.42 times that of the normal group ( P<0.05), and the risk of high systolic blood pressure was 1.59 times that of the normal group ( P<0.05). Conclusion The deficiency and insufficiency rate of vitamin D among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing was high, and the phenomenon of high blood pressure was prominent. Students with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely to have high blood pressure. 【摘要】 目的 了解重庆市中小学生维生素 D 缺乏和血压偏高现况及其相关性, 为有针对性防治儿童高血压的发生发展 提供参考依据。 方法 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月, 通过多阶段分层随机抽样在重庆市选择 3 个农村点和 3 个城市点共 1 360 名 7~17 岁中小学生, 开展问卷调查、体格测量、血压测量和血清维生素 D 检测。 结果 中小学生维生素D缺乏率为 9.71%, 不足率为 62.57%; 血压偏高率为 25.88%。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 调整了年龄、经济状况、腰围和体质 量指数 (BMI) 分类、高血压家族史等因素后, 维生素 D 缺乏和不足组发生高血压的风险是正常组的 1.42倍, 收缩压偏高的 风险是正常组的 1.59倍 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 重庆市中小学生维生素 D 缺乏和不足、血压偏高现象较突出, 需引起关 注。维生素 D 不足和缺乏者较容易出现血压偏高。