Analysis of risk factors for vasovagal syncope in children

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Objective To analyze the related factors of the onset of vasovagal syncope (VVS) in children, and to provide basis for the early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment of VVS. Methods A total of 126 children with syncope admitted to Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from October 2018 to September 2019 were invited in the study. Totally 73 cases of children diagnosed with VVS by HUTT were selected as VVS group, and 53 HUTT-negative children were selected as control group. Related factors were retrospectively investigated, and risk factors for VVS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression. Results The VVS group showed statistically significant difference in age distribution with the control group (χ 2 = 19.22, P<0.05). The VVS group showed statistically significant differences of proportion in family history, syncope history, prolonged standing, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and vitamin D deficiency (43.84%, 31. 51%, 47. 95%, 34. 25%, 30.14%) compared with the control group (15.09%, 13.21%, 20.75%, 15.09%, 9.43%) (χ 2 = 11.71, 5.67, 9.79, 5.83, 7.82, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and family historywere risk factors for VVS (χ 2 = 3.13, 11.06, P<0.05). Conclusion Age and family history may be risk factors for the onset of VVS. Active attention should be paid to the high-risk factors of child patient, early identification and diagnosis can prevent the occurrence and development of VVS in children. 【摘要】 目的 分析儿童血管迷走性晕厥 (VVS) 发作的相关因素, 为 VVS 早期预防、早期诊断、早期治疗提供一定的依 据。 方法 收集 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 9 月在兰州大学第二医院小儿心血管科住院的 126 例晕厥患儿为研究对象, 经直 立倾斜试验 (HUTT) 确诊为血管迷走性晕厥 73 例儿童为 VVS 组, 另外 53 例儿童为对照组, 回顾性调査其相关因素。 结果 VVS 组与比较组在年龄分布上差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 = 12.22, P<0.05), VVS 组有家族史、有晕厥史、有持久站立诱因、心电 图异常、维生素 D 缺乏构成比 (43.84%, 31.51%, 47.95%, 34.25%, 30.14%) 与对照组 (15.09%, 13.21%, 20.75%, 15.09%, 9.43%) 比较, 差异均有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 11.71, 5.67, 9.79, 5.83, 7.82, P 值均<0.05)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显 示, 年龄、家族史与患 VVS 呈正相关 ( OR 值分别为 3.13, 11.06, P 值均<0.05)。 结论 年龄、家族史与 VVS 的发作相关。应积极关注患儿髙危因素, 早识别、早诊断, 以预防儿童 VVS 的发生发展。