Student Smokers Research Articles

Smoking behavior intervention based on implicit approach: a cross-sectional pilot study

Introduction Indonesia is the country with the highest smoking rate in Southeast Asia and the third-highest globally. Smoking has become one of Indonesia’s biggest addiction problems. The goal of this research is to develop smoking behavior intervention based on an implicit approach. Methods This article contains a two-step study that was part of a comprehensive study on smoking behavior in Indonesia. The first study, applying measurement of Stroop task to 117 male-university-students to examine attention bias among smokers. In the second study, the research aims to develop an intervention by investigating the effects of the experimental retraining by manipulating the automatic-avoidance-action tendencies using an approach-avoidance task (AAT) on 40 male university student smokers that proved to have an attentional bias in the first study. Results The first study results revealed that smoking behavior was associated with attention bias shows a significant difference between smokers and nonsmoker participants in reaction time to smoking-related stimuli (F (3,85)=20.665, p value stimuli 0.000<0.05). This result is the basis for developing an implicit approach-based intervention. The results showed that direct AAT had significantly different results when compared to the control group (t(10)=2,685, p<.05). The outcomes of the studies showed that the direct form retraining (six weeks, twice a week) proved to shape the AAT effect and reduce the cigarettes consumption of the smokers. Conclusions This pilot research becomes initial step examine attentional bias that strengthen smoking addiction and the first attempt to develop smoking cessation interventions in Indonesia using an implicit cognition approach.

The Rising Use of E-Cigarettes: Unveiling the Health Risks and Controversies.

The use of e-cigarettes has tremendously increased in recent times due to the widespread availability of e-cigarettes in diverse flavors, reduced cost compared to regular cigarettes, and misconception of being comparatively safe, which have led to around 2.55 million US middle and high school students smoking e-cigarettes. These devices use a nicotine-rich liquid, which is aerosolized electronically, producing vapors that may also include hazardous chemicals and heavy metals. E-cigarettes are associated with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury, which presents as an acute respiratory ailment mirroring various pulmonary diseases. Additionally, it causes endothelial dysfunction, alters blood lipid profile by elevating circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increases sympathetic tone, and is found to correlate with arterial stiffening, hence negatively affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, and overall health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the data on e-cigarettes and their harmful effects on health in comparison to conventional cigarette use by highlighting the pathophysiology of e-cigarette-induced adverse effects and critically analyzing the data both in favor and against its use. Our review concludes that no matter how much nicotine an e-cigarette contains, evidence shows that using it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, albeit maybe not as much as smoking regular tobacco. Nonetheless, it is crucial to note that the long-term effects of e-cigarette usage are still not fully understood, and existing data have provided opposing viewpoints.

When smoking is the smallest problem: A qualitative study of smoking prevention in Danish vocational schools

Objective: In Denmark, more students smoke in vocational schools than in upper secondary schools. Smoking-prevention initiatives may reduce the prevalence of smoking but may also introduce unforeseen challenges. This study examined the significance of smoking and dilemmas related to smokefree school hours (SFSH) among established smokers in Danish vocational schools. Design: Qualitative research design. Setting: Data collection took place in a vocational education and training (VET) school in Denmark. The subject area was care, health and pedagogy (CHP). Method: Participant observation and focus groups were conducted with students and teachers. Two classes were observed for 2 weeks in total. The data analysed consisted of participant observation field notes ( n = 10 school days), transcripts from student focus groups ( n = 6; aged 18–56) and transcripts from teacher focus groups ( n = 11). Results: Two dilemmas were described as faced by established smokers in relation to the implementation of smokefree school hours: (1) The school is entitled to make rules versus the right to decide for oneself; and (2) life and schoolwork are challenging and demanding versus school work is more important than smoking. Conclusion: The findings illustrate how smoking, as an ingrained everyday practice for established smokers, represents a means of coping with difficult school demands and everyday challenges, particularly for vulnerable students, and how regulations such as SFSH create dilemmas for those students. These dilemmas are important to consider when designing and implementing smoking-prevention initiatives to prevent potential negative side effects and an unintended increase in social inequality in smoking.

Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon.

The use of tobacco and cigarette products remains widespread globally, with varying patterns across countries. Understanding the factors influencing cigarette dependence among young adults is crucial for effective smoking prevention and control programs. Personality traits are one of the factors that influence smoking behaviour, yet the evidence on their role in high cigarette dependence among young adults remains inconclusive. This study aims to provide insights and initial evidence on the potential association between personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. A convenient sample of 212 student smokers from one private and one public university in Lebanon participated in an online survey. The survey included measures of personality traits using the Big-Five framework, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD). Logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed significant associations between personality dimensions and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. Smokers with higher levels of Openness to Experience were more likely to have high cigarette dependence (β = 0.408, p < = 0.015). Conversely, smokers with higher levels of Conscientiousness (β = -0.500, p < 0.001) and Agreeableness (β = -0.491, p < 0.01) were less likely to have high cigarette dependence. Additionally, attending a public university (β = 1.198, p = 0.018), having more close friends who smoke (β = 0.525, p < 0.01), and switching to a cheaper cigarette brand (β = 0.928, p < 0.05) were associated with a higher cigarette dependence. These findings highlight the importance of considering personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle habits in understanding high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. The results can inform the development of targeted interventions to address high cigarette dependence in this population.

АНАЛИТИКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ САЛИВАРНОГО СТАТУСА СТУДЕНТОВ-КУРИЛЬЩИКОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ СПРЕЯ С МУКОПРОТЕКТОРОМ

Subject. The subject of this study is the salivary status in the patients.&#x0D; Objectives. The objective is to identify specifics of data analytics of the salivary status in student smokers effected by using a mucoptorotective dental spray. &#x0D; Methodology. The study is made by the Ural State Medical University Department of Preventive Dentistry and Propedeutics of Dental Disease, the Ural State Medical University Department of General Chemistry, the Ural Federal University Department of Control Systems Modeling. The objects of the study are unstimulated mixed saliva and a mucoptorotective spray that helps to protect the oral mucosa against inflammations, facilitates penetration across epithelial membranes, acts as a controlled multifunctional drug delivery system for parodontium tissues. The two study groups were formed from 20 volunteers in the age of 20 to 24 years old (4 women and 36 men, the average age was 22,35 years old): the first (main) group consisted of smoking patients, the second (reference) group consisted of non-smokers. The clinical assessment of the oral cavity of patients included: analysis of complaints, analysis of anamnesis, examination, evaluation of the hygiene index (OHI, Greene, Vermillion, 1964), dental caries severity index (using DMFT and DMFS indices), the state of gingival inflammation, PMA index (Parma). Unstimulated mixed saliva was studied, the quantitative analysis of the secretion was made by analyzing color, transparency, presence of inclusions, pH value, the functional activity of minor salivary glands. The statistical analysis of results was made using a PC with Microsoft Excel 2007 software program; the statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-distribution by Statistica 6.0 software package.&#x0D; Conclusions. Given the reduction of objective values of index assessment of oral health status used as indicators of changes in oral health, the study of the data analytics of salivary status in student smokers in the course of using a mucoptorotective spray revealed the harmful effects of tobacco on salivary composition and parameters. The findings prove smoking-related oral homeostatic disruption promoting development and progression of dental diseases of the hard tissues, parodontium, oral mucosa. Application of the dental spray with titanium glycerosolvate aquacomplex is proved to be an effective way to prevent development and progression of such diseases.

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Cavity of Medical Students at Shendi University, Sudan

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming ever more prevalent in Sudan, and the proportion of MRSA to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) seems to be increasing. New strains of MRSA are ever-developing resistance to antibiotic treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality rate.&#x0D; Objectives: To detect the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity of medical students at Shendi University and to detect variations of MRSA Colonization between student smokers and non-smoker students.&#x0D; Methodology: 60 swabs were collected from medical students of Shendi University, culture, and direct gram stain were done, then the plates were examined for any significant bacterial growth. The isolated bacteria were then identified by colonial morphology, indirect gram stain, and biochemical tests.&#x0D; Results: All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Of these, 66.7 % (40/60) were males. 33.3% (20/60) were females. The isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus 24 (40%), with no growth 36 (60%). The study showed that the overall resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Methicillin was 21 (35%) and 3 (5%) Sensitive to Methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases were found in nine (100%) of the students who smoked and twelve (80%) of the students who did not smoke. Of the pupils who did not smoke, three (20%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin Sensitive.&#x0D; Conclusion: The carriage rate of S. aureus is consistent with similar studies. MRSA carriage in this university study appears high as compared to the general population. Although this study did not confirm a variety of risk factors for the carriage of MRSA previously identified by others, university healthcare personnel should be aware of the changing epidemiology of MRSA and the preventive measures needed to avoid outbreaks.

THE PROBLEM OF SMOKING AMONG STUDENTS OF THE MODERN GENERATION

Smoking is one of the harmful and common habits among students. In addition to causing irreparable harm to the health of smokers and their environment, this habit prevents boys and girls from developing age-appropriate behavioral attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle and slows down personal and moral growth. Unfortunately, in the minds of young people, smoking is not considered a deviation. Public morality in our country is tolerant of smoking. At the same time, in number of countries smoking is recognized as a form of deviant behavior. Smokers are identified with drug addicts, neurotics, air polluters, and fire makers. Much remains to be done in society to strengthen the idea in the minds of people, and above all, students, that “a smoker is a person who has certain defects in culture and behavior.” If the prevalence of smoking remains at its current level, the mortality rate from smoking in the second quarter of the 21st century will be 10 million people annually. About half of these deaths will occur in the middle age category (40-60 years). Those people who must die today are still children or adults starting their lives. The loss of their life expectancy is about 20 years. According to research by psychologists, the most common reasons for student smoking are imitation of older friends, especially those whom one would like to be like (including parents); the desire to appear mature and independent; the desire to “be like everyone else” in a smoking company. The reason for smoking in some cases is the strict prohibition of parents, especially in cases where the parents themselves smoke.

Has COVID-19 really affected the physical and mental health of university students? One-year follow-up results after the pandemic declaration.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the whole world and various isolation measures were applied during this period. One of the groups that were physically and mentally affected by this period was students. To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity (PA) level, attitudes and behaviors related to PA, smoking, perceived stress, and fatigue of university students one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. A total of 102 students (79F/23M, 20.68±1.81 years) who were evaluated face to face with International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Turkish Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-T) Questionnaire before the declaration of the pandemic, were evaluated online with the same questionnaires one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. Although there was no difference in terms of other variables, there was a statistically significant difference in the CBPAQ outcome expectation subscale (p = 0.04). The ΔPSS and ΔCIS-T total had a statistically significant effect on the ΔCBPAQ total (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007), ΔPSS and ΔCIS-T total were independent predictors of ΔCBPAQ total (Δ: before-one year after the declaration of the pandemic)CONCLUSION:University students had positive attitudes and behaviors related to PA and they increased their PA levels, although not significantly, compared to before the declaration of the pandemic. Perceived stress and fatigue may have an effect on attitudes and behaviors related to PA and PA levels. It is thought that university students continue their routines despite the many limitations of the pandemic.

Associations of weight control related behaviors with current cigarette smoking among Chinese adolescents: Results from an ongoing school-based survey in Zhejiang province.

Previous studies have suggested that adolescents may smoke cigarettes to control weight, but relevant research is scarce in Chinese youth. This study was conducted to examine the associations of weight control related behaviors with cigarette smoking in Chinese students. This was a secondary analysis of data for 24835 middle and high school students drawn from the 2022 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey of China which collected self-reported information of cigarette smoking, weight control strategies and other health-related behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the study associations. Overall, there were 998 (4.02%) current cigarette smokers in this wave of the Zhejiang YRBS (2022). Neither trying to control weight nor healthy weight control behavior of exercising was associated with current cigarette smoking (AOR=1.15; 95% CI: 0.97-1.37 and AOR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.85-1.20, respectively). Meanwhile, unhealthy weight control behaviors of taking laxatives (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.03-2.26), taking diet pills (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.26-2.62), dieting (AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.04-1.49), and fasting (AOR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.40-2.34) were significantly associated with increased odds of current cigarette smoking. Screening and developing interventions for unhealthy weight control behaviors should be considered as part of smoking prevention programs among adolescents.

Predictive Factors of Attitude Toward Smoking and Hookah use in Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Today, tobacco use is considered a pervasive health problem globally, with projections indicating that by 2020, tobacco will account for one in three adult deaths. Despite the well-documented harmful effects of tobacco use and societal expectations for future healthcare providers to lead healthy lifestyles, smoking remains prevalent among medical students. Materials and Methods: In this study, 248 medical students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected. After providing comprehensive explanations and obtaining their consent to participate, each student received a questionnaire comprising two parts: the first part gathered demographic information, while the second part utilized a Likert scale to measure attitudes toward smoking and hookah use. Results: In this study, 63.3% of participants were female, 36.7% were male, and the majority (37.1%) were between 21 and 23 years old. Additionally, 89.5% of participants were single. Also, 17.7% had a history of smoking or hookah use, 35.1% had family members who smoked or used hookahs, and 37.1% had friends who smoked or used hookahs. Furthermore, 6.9% had a history of neurological disease, and 11.7% had underlying medical conditions. Conclusion: We found statistically significant relationships between attitudes towards smoking and various factors, including gender, personal history of smoking, family history of smoking, presence of smoking or hookah-using friends, place of residence, ethnicity, parents’ level of education, history of chronic disease and grade point average.

Co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity, smoking, inadequate diet, and alcohol consumption in university students from Minas Gerais, Brazil

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activities, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and inappropriate eating habits in university. This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of students from the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, MG, Brazil. The information was obtained through a questionnaire and the risk criteria adopted were irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables, insufficient physical activity, smoking, and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. The independent variables were sex, age group, marital status, area of study and time of study. The outcomes were the co-occurrence of two and three/four risk factors. The association was measured using Odds Ratio (OR) and a multinominal logistic regression with a significance level of 5%. 1.110 university students participated. The prevalence of two and three/four risk factors was of 35.3% and 15.4%, respectively. College students with a partner were associated with lower chances for two risk factors (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21–0.98), and there was an association between three or four factors of behavioral risk with university students belonging to areas not related to health (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.26–2.86). It was concluded that the prevalence of occurrence of two risk factors or more was high and that single students and those in fields unrelated to health were associated with the risk factors.

Inspecting smoking addiction in youth in Türkiye: A latent class analysis using the Turkish version of the cigarette dependence scale

ABSTRACT Recent significant studies have focused on whether smoking behavior is a voluntary choice or an addiction. Inspired by these studies, this paper aims to explore smoking behavior in Türkiye using the Turkish version of the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS)−12. The study administered the Turkish CDS-12 scale to 651 college student smokers in Türkiye, involving three main components: construct and convergent validity, Latent Class Analysis, and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis. In the exploratory factor analysis, the scale explained 46.03% of the total variance with a one-factor structure, and the factor loadings ranged from 0.30 to 0.78. Additionally, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value demonstrated excellent suitability (KMO = 0.94). Confirmatory factor analysis results supported an excellent fit for the one-factor model (RMSEA = 0.034, NFI = 0.95, NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.98). Furthermore, Cronbach’s alpha value reinforced this result (α = 0.91). The Latent Class Analysis identified three levels of smoking: ‘high-level addicted smokers’(26.8%), ‘middle-level addicted smokers’(49.7%) and ‘low-level addicted smokers’(23.5%). Notably, 31% of college students scored above 39, categorizing them as smoking addicts. In conclusion, the Turkish CDS-12 scale demonstrates validity and reliability, making it suitable for researching smoking addiction in Türkiye.

TOBACCO USE BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN HANOI, 2023

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of adolescent smoking in Hanoi city in 2023 and the perception of adolescents toward adverse impacts of tobacco. The piece of research was a cross-sectional study, using quantitative methods. In total, 1009 students aged from 12 to 18 years old in 4 districts in Hanoi participated in the research through answering online form of question. The survey results showed that: 21,3% adolescents have ever smoked, 16,2% adolescents currently smoke, prevalence of male and high school students are respectively higher than female and secondary student, respectively; e - cigarettes were the most popular among adolescents; e – cigarettes and heated tobacco were supposed to be less toxic. The proportion of secondary and high school students in Hanoi who have used tobacco are critically high. Basing on research results, some recommendations were indicated: update the policies related to tobacco management including advertising and sale; conduct behavior change campaign to raise awareness for students about the harmful effects of nicotine on physical development, brain, negative health effects caused by tobacco; establish support groups for adolescents to quit smoking and promote penalizing students smoking.

DO ANTI-SMOKING ADVERTISEMENTS INFLUENCE STUDENTS TO QUIT SMOKING?

Background: The prevalence of adolescent smoking in Indonesia increased from 2013 to 2018. Aims: This study examines the influence of pro and anti-cigarette advertising on students' smoking cessation. Methods: The study uses the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Indonesia 2019 data. The sample was students aged 13-15 years who had smoked. The dependent variable is quitting smoking, and the independent variables are pro-cigarette and anti-smoking ads: chi-square and logistic regression tests with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05. Results: The total sample was 1023 students, and 79.32% wanted to quit smoking. In the anti-smoking ads variables: anti-smoking messages in various media (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.14-2.34); pictorial health warnings (PHW) on cigarette packs (OR=3.46, 95% CI=2.40-4.97); feeling afraid when seeing health warnings on packaged cigarettes (OR=3.03, 95% CI=2.16-4.26); education about harmful of cigarette consumption (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.00 – 1.96) had a significant association to quit smoking. The most dominant factor in multivariate analysis was pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.67-3.81). Conclusion: Most student smokers express a desire to quit smoking. Pictorial health warnings are significantly associated with quitting smoking among students. Keywords: cigarette ads, GYTS, pictorial health warning, students

Why Do University Students Smoke Tobacco? French Validity of Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives Among (non-) Daily Smokers and Associations With Psychological Variables

This study investigates the validity of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (B-WISDM) among French daily and non-daily university student smokers. Measurement models, measurement invariances, and concurrent and convergent validity with psychosocial and psychopathological variables were tested. Results (1) confirmed the B-WISDM dimensionality in 11 first-order intercorrelated factors; (2) showed its measurement invariance for the types of smokers; (3) showed that tobacco dependence is only and positively predicted by primary dependence motives, which confirm that they are core components of tobacco dependence; and (4) highlighted specific associations between smoking motives and psychological variables, such as smoking identity and perceived behavioral control with some primary dependence motives, social goads with social norms, and weight control with eating disorders. Thus, external validity of the B-WISDM is extended to non-daily smokers. Specific associations of B-WISDM with smoking-related psychological potentially make it a very useful diagnostic tool to support smokers toward quitting.

Analysis of Tobacco Consumption Behavior in Adolescents at Kediri Regency

Background: The prevalence of adolescent smokers in Indonesia is very worrying, with an estimated number of 70 million children in Indonesia and making Indonesia the third country with the highest number of smokers in Asia. The tendency of adolescents who want to try smoking causes health problems. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to know the description of smoking habits among adolescents in Kediri Regency. Method: This research is a survey research with a population of all adolescent groups in Kediri Regency. Samples were taken purposively by 300 respondents. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. This study uses a quantitative descriptive technique by describing several variables including pocket money, the role of health workers, information on the dangers of smoking, cigarette advertisements, knowledge, attitudes, smoking status. Results: The majority of adolescent smokers in Kediri Regency are male with an age range between 14-16 years with junior high school education. The average number of cigarettes consumed is between 1 to 4 cigarettes, spending an average of Rp. 300,000 per month for the type of cigarette consumed, the majority of which are white cigarettes. The first time they got to know cigarettes at the age of 14 to 15 years was 123 people (79%). They know cigarettes through exposure to internet media. Conclusion: The Adolescents have various reasons behind their smoking behavior. They tend to have great curiosity. The habit of smoking for students begins because they are consumed by advertisements and persuaded by friends.

Impact of implementation of a smoking prevention intervention on vocational students’ smoking status

Abstract Introduction Smoking prevalence is high in vocational education across Europe. School-based programs to reduce smoking among older adolescents and young adults are sparse. School tobacco policies are often used though the evidence for their effectiveness is inconclusive. The implementation process of far-reaching smoking prevention initiatives such as tobacco policies can be challenging due to, e.g., nicotine dependency and attitudes towards smoking. We investigated the association between implementation of a smoking prevention intervention and students’ smoking status. Methods The “Focus” intervention combined a comprehensive school tobacco policy with educational activities and access to smoking cessation support. It was tested in a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 14 Danish vocational schools. Based on a conceptual model, we calculated an individual level implementation score for all students in the intervention arm, including schools’ delivery (principal and teacher surveys) and students’ receipt (student surveys) of the intervention components at 4-5 month-follow-up. We compared odds for smoking daily or weekly (regular smoking) for students with low, medium, and high implementation with students in control schools using multilevel logistic regression models (N = 1112). Results Students with high implementation had significantly lower odds for smoking compared to the control group (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.78) whereas students with medium (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.95-3.12) and low (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.68-2.34) implementation had higher odds, although insignificant. Conclusions High implementation of the “Focus” intervention was associated with less smoking. Tendencies in the opposite direction for lower implementation may indicate a complex, non-linear relationship between implementation level and smoking behavior. This suggests that careful implementation efforts are needed to reduce smoking in older adolescent and young adult school settings. Key messages • Our study suggests that efforts to support implementation of smoking prevention interventions are needed to reduce smoking in vocational education and similar settings. • To capture the complexity of the implementation process, we use an individual level measure of implementation based on a conceptual model and multiple data sources.

College students' preferences fortobacco treatment: a discrete choice experiment.

The purpose of this study was to elicit preferences for the 'format' and 'content' of tobacco treatment among college student smokers, using an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey. A DCE survey, supplemented with a think-aloud method, was conducted among 54 college students who smoked combustible cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes. Conditional logistic regression models were constructed to determine optimal profiles of treatment. Cutting down nicotine rather than quitting 'cold turkey' (P < 0.001) and two-way communication (P < 0.001) were viewed as the most critical attributes for the intervention 'format'; changing behaviors rather than social groups/peers (P < 0.001) and autonomy (P < 0.001) were viewed as the most critical attributes for the intervention 'content'. Some preferences varied based on smoking subgroups. Combustible cigarette users preferred interventions with a longer time commitment (P < 0.05) and without nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) (P < 0.001). Think-aloud data supported the DCE findings and further revealed a strong desire for cutting down nicotine and keeping social groups/peers and misconceptions regarding NRTs. Our study findings can guide tobacco treatment tailored to college students. These treatments should be tailored to specific smoker subgroups.

Correlation of Smoking with Carbon Monoxide Level and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in High School Students Banda Aceh

Background: Indonesia has the highest number of adolescent smokers in the world. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a by-product of tobacco smoking and is inhaled into the lungs. A smokerlyzer can monitor its level. Cigarette smoke also causes inflammation that affects airflow in the airways and can be detected by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking and CO levels and PEFR in high school students in Banda Aceh City.Methods: This quantitative study uses an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design. This study involved 300 students from five senior high schools in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Spearman test with a significance value &lt;0.05.Results: CO levels of the smoker students were higher (12.61 ± 3.342 ppm) than nonsmoker students (2.46 ± 0.569 ppm), p=0.000. The average PEFR for smoking students was lower than nonsmokers (61.11 ± 9.163%) than for non-smoking students (78.48 ± 6.804 %), p=0.000. Duration of smoking in smoking students was also strongly associated with CO levels and PEFR (r=+0.749, p=0,000, r=-0.560, p=0.000, respectively).Conclusion: There is a relationship between smoking and CO levels and PEFR in senior high school students in Banda Aceh.

Pop Up Book Media Intervention Can Improve The Knowledge Of The Dangers Of Smoking Of Elementary School Students In Jambi City

Prevention of smoking behavior must be done early, especially in children, one of which provides knowledge about the dangers of smoking in order to avoid smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using Pop Up Book media on students' knowledge about the dangers of smoking at State Elementary School 66 / IV Jambi City. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the planning used, namely One Group, Pre-test and Post-test design. The population of this study amounted to 590 students with a research sample of 34 students. Using the Shapiro Wilk test, the data showed that of the 34 students who only had good knowledge before the intervention, 23 (69.7%) respondents. The results after the intervention, respondents with good knowledge were 28 (84.8%) respondents. This means that knowledge about the dangers of smoking increased in elementary school student respondents. Data tested with the Wilcoxon test can be seen that health education using Pop Up book media about the dangers of smoking is considered very effective with a P Value of 0.000 &lt;0.05, which means statistically there is a difference in increasing knowledge by using Pop Up Book media about the dangers of smoking in elementary school students. The conclusion of this study is that there is an increase in knowledge after intervention using Pop Up Book.