Universities offer study-abroad programs to strengthen the global competitiveness of students. Through studying in an immersive environment, students can develop not only linguistic competence to communicate in daily life, but also cultural competence to deepen mutual understanding, tolerance, and respect for cultural diversity. Therefore, the experience of studying abroad becomes a valuable opportunity for the development of intercultural competence, which is one of the most important objectives of foreign language learning. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of short-term study in Spain on the development of the intercultural competence of university students of Spanish as a foreign language in South Korea. Information is collected through semi-structured interviews with a questionnaire that includes a 24-item survey corresponding to the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale of Chen and Starosta (2000). In the interview, the purpose and achievement of program participation are discussed, including stereotypes about the country, the people, and the destination culture that students possessed before the program and their changes after program participation. In addition, positive and negative culture shocks experienced through the program were analyzed, and ways to improve short-term study abroad programs were suggested by students’ reflections on their experiences. Moreover, an awareness of and expectations for study abroad programs were collected in the form of online real-time video lectures that are emerging due to COVID-19. In this way, the effects of short-term study abroad programs on the development of the intercultural competence of participating students can be evaluated.