Human Struggle Research Articles

COVID-19 and Reproduction: An Experience from Wuhan

The history of human social development is also the history of human struggle against infectious diseases. Up to now, COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has not ended yet, but since the early stage of the epidemic, the public and scientists have been very concerned about the impact of the virus on fertility. Wuhan, China is the first city to be hit by the COVID-19 epidemic in China. More than 344 medical teams (totaling 42000 medical team members) from other provinces in China concentrated their efforts to rescued Wuhan at that time. Regarding maternal health, the government, medical institutions, and experts strived to play their respective roles. They promptly announced the designated hospitals provide medical services for uninfected or suspected/infected pregnancy women; tried their best to ensure the demand and safety of medical treatment for pregnant and postpartum women; actively conducted scientific research on pregnant women and health status of offspring. Looking back on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in the past few years, we have gained a lot of experience and lessons. For example, all of us should strengthen the connections between various departments of the country, improve urban governance in response to major infectious diseases, accelerate the development of science and technology as well as enhance international cooperation. In the future, we will continue to coexist with pathogenic microorganisms on this Earth. Hope every battle against infectious diseases can promote us to have a deeper understanding of nature, technology, and social development, and accumulate more experience to support survivors live a better life.

Yakov Bok: A Humanist’s Odyssey in Bernard Malamud’s The Fixer

In a Jewish context, a man experiences numerous upheavals for which he bears no responsibility. In Bernard Malamud’s novel The Fixer the central character, Yakov Bok, undergoes a compelling journey. This journey takes us through the turbulent world of Tsarist Russia where a Jewish individual is fraught with hardships. In fact, Bok’s odyssey reveals the profound challenges inherent in the existence of a Jewish man within the societal context. This paper aims at dissecting the profound transformation of Yakov Bok against the backdrop of a society rife with prejudice and injustice. It also broods over how Bok’s journey, marked by unjust imprisonment and enduring suffering, catalyzes his evolution from an ordinary Jew to an extraordinary human being. Yakov Bok emerges as a heroic figure, staunchly confronting the systemic victimization of innocent individuals within the complexities of his society. Further this research article explores how the immediate context of the novel is resonating with universal themes of human struggle and resilience. Yakov Bok’s narrative serves as a powerful allegory for the broader human experience, emphasizing the enduring relevance of these themes in contemporary society. The article elucidates the painful existence of a Jewish protagonist by portraying his life’s trajectory as a metaphor for poignant dilemmas confronting humanity in the current era. Within this intricate narrative, His tough journey is marked by the endurance of profound adversities notwithstanding his impeccable innocence in a criminal charge. At the same time, it traces his metamorphosis from an unremarkable Jew into a formidable luminary. What it finally affirms is that the freedom to live is not merely the freedom to experience, but also ironically the freedom to struggle and even to suffer.

Thornton Wilder: Why Here? Why Now?

Abstract This article explores the relevance and vitality of Wilder’s works to contemporary audiences of 2011. It establishes four criteria—breadth, depth, heat, and light—by which to judge serious literature and states that we should “be impressed by how many points [Wilder] scores.” Wilder, it maintains, embodied Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Man Thinking,” and fused this quality with his own identities as a moralist, showman-shaman, and modernist; these four personae allowed Wilder to react in writing and art to over six decades of human struggle and to set those struggles against the backdrop of previous writers striving to make sense of humanity’s place in our complicated world. Following DeGrazia’s article are fifteen responses that take DeGrazia’s arguments as a springboard for their own reflections on the relevance and immediacy of Thornton Wilder in 2023 and beyond.

“Robert Frost: The Voice Of Nature’s Whispers”

The aim of present research paper is to explore the prominent role of nature in the poetry of renowned American poet Robert Frost. Frost's poetic repertoire is characterized by a profound appreciation for the natural world, as he skillfully weaves nature's beauty, symbolism, and inherent contradictions into the fabric of his verses. Through a close analysis of select poems, this abstract elucidates the ways in which Frost uses nature as a multifaceted backdrop to convey deeper philosophical themes and reflect on the human experience. Drawing inspiration from the New England landscape, Frost's poetry often portrays the serene, idyllic scenery of rural life while delving into the complexity of human emotions and decisions. The natural world in Frost's poems serves as both a soothing sanctuary and a challenging domain where human struggles and dilemmas unfold. Frost's adept use of metaphors and symbols drawn from nature adds layers of depth and universality to his poetry. His observations of the seasons, weather patterns, and landscapes mirror the intricacies of human emotions, relationships, and the complexities of life itself.

Nanotechnology, Water Remediation and Sustainability- A Far-Reaching Review and a Broad Scientific and Technological Perspective

The world of science and engineering of sustainability and nanotechnology are in today’s scientific fabric are in the aisles of newer scientific divination. Environmental, energy and socio-economic sustainability are the utmost needs of the hour. In the similar vision, nanotechnology needs to be aligned with diverse areas of natural sciences, applied sciences and engineering sciences. The definition of “sustainability” as described by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway needs to be re-envisioned, rethought and rejuvenated with the passage of scientific history and time. Human struggles, human scientific and engineering challenges and human impact needs to be rethought as environmental protection and environmental disasters are in the path of immense scientific contemplation. In this paper, the author deeply discusses with verve and validation the integration of nanotechnology and sustainability. Human race today stands in the middle of deep scientific disaster and also scientific contemplation. Loss of ecological biodiversity and frequent environmental disasters are urging the scientific and engineering community to move towards newer scientific innovations and newer environmental engineering tools. Thus the need of a comprehensive treatise in the field of nanotechnology and sustainable development. Nanotechnology has vast and varied applications in the field of environmental pollution control. The author deeply targets these areas of scientific and engineering research endeavor. A newer era in the field of nanotechnology, nano-engineering and sustainability will surely usher in if a concerted effort is taken in the proper implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the vision of Brundtland Commission Report. A new generation of scientists and engineers will move towards positive research directions if man and mankind innovates and envisions the basics and fundamentals of environmental engineering science, chemical process engineering, sustainable engineering and nanotechnology.

Traditional medicine in Incahuasi: An ethnobotanical study.

Understanding the use of medicinal plants as herbal medicines is considered essential for the survival and continuity of humanity. Since ancient times, the origin and development of natural and traditional medicine have been intrinsically linked to humanity struggle for survival. Nowadays, ethnobotanical studies are employed as a tool for the preservation and conservation not only of taxonomic biodiversity but also of cultural biodiversity. A descriptive research with a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design was carried out. The study was conducted in six Quechua-speaking communities in the district of Incahuasi (3,000 meters above sea level), selected for convenience considering factors such as altitude, accessibility, and proximity to the city. A questionnaire was administered to 32 residents from the communities, who shared their knowledge about medicinal plants, providing relevant information about them. The gender of the participants was considered because men and women use traditional medicine and the knowledge of them is transmitted from parents to children. During the study, a total of 46 medicinal species were recorded, belonging to 42 genera and 22 botanical families. The most representative medicinal families used by the informants of the communities were Asteraceae (30.4%) and Lamiaceae (15.2%). It is also worth mentioning the genera Salvia and Baccharis, with three and two species respectively, which are commonly used to treat various ailments and diseases. Ethnobotanical information was collected on the medicinal plants used by the community members of the selected communities in Incahuasi, and the corresponding data were recorded. A total of 46 plants were collected, with the majority belonging to the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families.

Browning's Beacon of Optimism: Unraveling the Philosophy of Life in His Verses

This research paper delves into the profound philosophical underpinnings of Robert Browning's literary works, with a particular focus on his pervasive sense of optimism. Browning, a distinguished Victorian poet, artistically weaved his beliefs about life and human existence into his poetry, serving as a beacon of hope and positivity for generations to come. Throughout his oeuvre, Browning masterfully employed various poetic techniques and narrative structures to convey his philosophy of life. This paper meticulously examines key poems such as "Pippa Passes," "Rabbi Ben Ezra," and "Andrea del Sarto" to elucidate the underlying themes of optimism, resilience, and the indomitable spirit of the human soul. In unravelling Browning's philosophy of life, the study analyzes the poet's portrayal of human struggles and the pursuit of meaning in a chaotic world. Moreover, it explores how Browning's characters often embody the tenets of optimism, demonstrating unwavering faith in the face of adversity and celebrating the inherent beauty of life's complexities.

THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA, THE BATTLE OF LIFE FOR ALL HUMAN KIND

<p><span>The Old Man And The Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, went in printing in 1952, a year later was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In 1954, Hemingway was given the Nobel Prize in Literature. After such a big success and a long and well accomplished career, a few years later, on a Sunday, the morning July 2nd 1961, Hemingway committed suicide. The paradox of the author’s ending with the ending of his most famous novel The Old Man And The Sea is that Ernest Hemingway, the man, gave up, whereas his character in the novel Santiago never gave up, was never defeated, emerging triumphant with the struggle against larger forces. This paradox raises the question: is The Old Man And The Sea a reflection of the author’s personal life and agony, as most commentators believe, or is it much more than that? A novel that depicts and represents the constant struggle of human kind in every era? Why was Hemingway in agony? Ernest Hemingway was a writer that belonged to the Lost Generation. One can imagine living the horrors of WWI, known as the Great War, being a personal witness in the Civil Spanish War, then WWII, living the entire adult life in and between wars. One looses hope and only dwells in the despair of loss, and agonizing in every breath. But as painful as his life was, Hemingway wrote this novel not just like a reflection of his own agony, not just as an expression of his own voice, but more than that, he portrayed the constant human struggle throughout the centuries, speaking in the voice of all humanity, past, present and future. This approach is the key what makes the novel so great. And the style and symbolism used in it make it a masterpiece therefore reading it a very thrilling experience. In this paper I will analyze the symbolism used in The Old Man And The Sea as well as make a comparison with a flow of historical and literary memory and conscience of the human kind, the world at large and of its author Ernest Hemingway. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis on why this novel goes beyond the voice of the author. It is a universal work that represents the struggle and calling of humanity throughout the ages.</span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hemingway, Old Man, sea, symbolism, Santiago, Manolin, Marlin, sharks, lions, fish, humankind, struggle, universal.</span></p>

Human Rights Activities Classification

Based on the analysis of the views available in doctrine and practice, the author explains the author’s approach to the classification of types of human rights activities. Six main classifications of human rights work are proposed and described in detail according to such criteria as their nature, object, subject, method, scope, time frame, categories of persons violating the rights. The conclusion is made about the need for a conceptual revision of the understanding of human rights protection as a human struggle against the state; the paper justifies the expediency of closer coordination of all types of human rights activities. The author highlights that improving the effectiveness of state human rights activities is directly connected with the creation of an effective mechanism for coordinating the work of all state human rights organizations in Russia, not only among themselves, but also with numerous public human rights organizations; with the formation of common understandable and transparent criteria for the effectiveness of their activities, improving its quality and accessibility for all citizens. To do this, it seems advisable to develop a strategic planning document in the field of human rights activities, in which the goals, objectives, principles and indicators of human rights work, the main stages of achieving the set human rights results and criteria for their evaluation are consolidated in detail.

Addiction, Waste(d) Labor, and the Debate of the Carpenter's Tools

Addiction, Waste(d) Labor, and the <i>Debate of the Carpenter's Tools</i>

Id, Ego and Superego in McCarthy's Novel The Road

With his psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud asserts that human behavior mostly occurs in the subconscious part of the brain. This theory leaves many questions for those interested in studying human behavior, as it leaves many questions for them. One of the most important of these questions is can a person really control his behavior? Freud's theory of the unconscious divides it into three drives: the id, the ego, and the superego. Ed is the most aggressive behavior in humans. The super ego is the part responsible for the moral aspect that pushes a person to do well. As for the ego, it is that part of the dengue that strives to find a middle ground between the id and the superego. Thus, the current study aims to identify the cause of corruption of human soul through analyzing the British novelist Cormac McCarthy’s The Road. It will illustrate the human struggle for survival under a circumstance in which the law collapses and the ethics that are the basis of human interaction for the permanence of life disappear. It also sheds light on how to solve this problem. It should be noted that the study is formatted in APA (8) writing style in discussing the study and documenting the primary and secondary resources.

A detailed insight of the tumor targeting using nanocarrier drug delivery system

Human struggle against the deadly disease conditions is continued since ages. The contribution of science and technology in fighting against these diseases cannot be ignored exclusively due to the invention of novel procedure and products, extending their size ranges from micro to nano. Recently nanotechnology has been gaining more consideration for its ability to diagnose and treat different cancers. Different nanoparticles have been used to evade the issues related with conservative anticancer delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, adverse effects and burst release. These nanocarriers including, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes, nano lipid carriers (NLCs), nano micelles, nanocomposites, polymeric and magnetic nanocarriers, have brought revolutions in antitumor drug delivery. Nanocarriers improved the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with better accumulation at the specific site with sustained release, improved bioavailability and apoptosis of the cancer cells while bypassing the normal cells. In this review, the cancer targeting techniques and surface modification on nanoparticles are discussed briefly with possible challenges and opportunities. It can be concluded that understanding the role of nanomedicine in tumor treatment is significant, and therefore, the modern progressions in this arena is essential to be considered for a prosperous today and an affluent future of tumor patients.

Increasing social resilience against climate change risks: a case of extreme climate affected countries

PurposeSocial development is the ultimate goal of every nation, and climate change is a major stumbling block. Climate Risk Index has documented several climate change events with their devastations in terms of lives lost and economic cost. This study aims to link the climate change and renewable energy with the social progress of extreme climate affected countries.Design/methodology/approachThis research used the top 50 most climate-affected countries of the decade and estimated the impact of climate risk on social progress with moderation effects of renewable energy and technology. Several competing panel data models such as quantile regression, bootstrap quantile regression and feasible generalized least square are used to generate robust estimates.FindingsThe results confirm that climate hazards obstruct socioeconomic progress, but renewable energy and technology can help to mitigate the repercussion. Moreover, improved institutions enhance the social progress of nations.Research limitations/implicationsGovernment should improve the institutional quality that enhances their performance in terms of Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption to increase social progress. In addition, society should use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels to avoid environmental degradation and health hazards. Innovation and technology also play an important role in social progress and living standards, so there should be free hand to private business research and development, encouraging research institutes and universities to come forward for innovation and research.Practical implicationsThe ultimate goal of all human struggle is to have progress that facilitates human beings to uplift their living standard. One of the best measures that can tell us about a nation’s progress is Social Progress Index (SPI), and one of many factors that can abruptly change it is the climate; so this study is an attempt to link the relationship among these variables and also discuss the situation where the impact of climate can be reduced.Social implicationsAlthough social progress is an important concept of today’s economics discussion, relatively few studies are using the SPI to measure social well-being. Similarly, there is consensus about the impact of climate on people, government and crops but relatively less study about its overall impact on social progress, so this study attempts to fill the gap about the relationship between social progress and climate change.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is the solution for the impact of climate risk. Climate risk is not in human control, and we cannot eliminate it, but we can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Moderator impact of renewable energy decreases the negative impact of climate change, so there is a need to use more renewable energy to mitigate the bad consequences of climate on social progress. Another moderator is technology; using technology will also mitigate the negative consequences of the climate, so there is a need to facilitate technological advancement.

The Death of Ivan Ilych: A Poignant Story of Psychological and Social Reality

Set against the backdrop of nineteenth-century Russia, the novella The Death of Ivan Ilych delves into the life and ultimate demise of the protagonist, Ivan Ilych. Leo Tolstoy skillfully presents the psychological aspects of Ivan Ilych’s existence with his intricate narrative style, thoughtful analysis, and true-to-life characterization. This paper attempts to find how Tolstoy explores the universal human struggle between external societal expectations and the internal desires of the individual through the protagonist of the novella. As the story progresses, we see how Ivan’s life, initially driven by social ambition and conformity, gradually erodes as he confronts the harsh reality of his forthcoming death. Besides, Tolstoy also exposes the hypocritical nature of societal norms and conventions, unmasking the shallowness and moral emptiness that underlie its seemingly respectable camouflage. For this research, the analytical research method has been followed. For materials, primary and secondary sources have been used. The findings of the paper indicate the existential crisis and the spiritual renewal of the title character. This is the first time attempt has been made by the author to find the social and psychological reality that dominated 19th-century Russian society. This paper has not been published in conference or seminar proceedings and journals.

Political Prisoners: A Comparative Critical Reading of Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks, Rahman’s Prison Diaries, and Mandela’s Conversations with Myself

Political leaders who fight against the abuse of power are frequently imprisoned for their political activities. Their voices challenge the existing autocratic rulers and their experiences inside and outside prison are essentially emblematic. This article explores power, politics and the prison life of three famous politicians of three continents: Antonio Gramsci from Italy (Europe), Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from Bangladesh (Asia), and Nelson Mandela from South Africa (Africa). Prison Notebooks by Gramsci, Prison Diaries by Rahman, and Conversations with Myself by Mandela are extraordinary works, which contribute immensely to the shaping of prison literature. These authors wrote about loneliness, hegemony, state repression and their resistance against power to establish human rights. Focusing on Michel Foucault’s concept of power, domination and the systematic reformations to treat prisoners more humanely, this article undertakes a comparative critical reading of these three prison narratives about the imprisonment of the three politicians. The analysis explores their protest against power abuse and struggle for humanity, justice, equality and dignity, which make them icons of leadership in the world.

Swiping on Tinder-Imagining or Just Fantasying in Dating Apps?

Patients often come to treatment with difficulties in creating and forming romantic relationships. As therapists, we accompany them in this delicate and sometimes fraught process. Many patients turn to dating apps (e.g., “Tinder,” “OkCupid”) in order to try and find something truly meaningful to fulfill their lives. These platforms occupy their everyday lives, consuming their time and mental energy. The present article suggests that observing some of the unique qualities of interactions that take place in dating apps may provide a lens that reflects, emphasizes, and teaches us about human struggles of intersubjectivity, complexity, and sense of agency, which are at the core of psychoanalytic interest. Clinical examples illustrate these psychic aspects, as well as the way they may be processed in the therapeutic encounter.

Հպարտության և փառամոլության թեման Ժան-Պոլ Սարտրի «Սատանան և տեր Աստված» պիեսում

Sartre’s works, such as the novel “Nausea”, the philosophical work “Being and Nothingness”, the dramas “Flies”, “No Exit” and partly the novel “The Roads of Freedom”, are among the biggest manifestations of existentialism. The purpose of the article is to reveal the image of the protagonist of the play “The Devil and the Good Lord”, Goetz, using the concepts of pride and vanity. Sartre describes the moral adventure of man through Goetz. The isolated character tries to start a human struggle against other people. Goetz turns away from the Lord in order to present himself to the world of people. He discovers a new form of self-destruction and renounces the eternal pretence. The whole essence of Goetz’s character revolves around a tragic conflict in which he tries to maintain isolation from people while secretly striving for love and acceptance. Goetz thinks he is free to do evil, but in doing so, his personality is defeated. This is his vanity. But Goetz’s pride is an illusion, because his stubbornness is only external, he acts as if he is not a master of his craft. The Sartre hero, proud of his loneliness, actually only accepts the condition set by society and waits for the recognition. Like many other dramatic characters created by Sartre, he exists in the eyes of others, God or other people, and thus reveals himself. The extremely cruel warrior Goetz is the best captain in all of Germany, whose fame reigns in the city of Worms as a silent threat of destruction in the first act of the play. However, in Sartre’s play, the priority is to understand Goetz in the eyes of other characters who see him, know him, and associate him with his monstrous “nature”. The fact that Goetz appears only in the second scene of the play can be considered a dramatic device by which Sartre tried to make Goetz the center of the conflict. The main topic of discussion for others is this newcomer, who personifies the plot knot and is the basis of dramatic actions. It is precisely because of the negative nature of these social values that the image of Goetz was formed: this is connected with the fate that awaits him on stage, because the hero of the Devil and Lord considers himself unique. Goetz does not look at the world through an optical device, but at every step he is tempted by the reflection of his image, inspired by other people’s eyes, in which he is doomed to accept himself. Before entering the stage, he has already been assigned a place in a world where a person never thinks about getting rid of himself before the final transformation.

Tragic Optimism, Lethal Innocence, and Illusions in After the Fall

abstract Arthur Miller’s discourse on universal guilt and tragedy manifests in numerous aspects of his autobiographical play After the Fall. This article incorporates a moral paradigm according to Holocaust survivor Victor Frankl: reality is tragic due to pain, guilt, and death. A majority of Miller’s cast reflects the human struggle in rejecting this paradigm through illusions. Quentin, however, suffers reality’s tragedy and perseveres alongside Holga to become a tragic optimist; he lives on with empathy despite tragedy. Quentin, however, realizes the limits of his empathy in taking care of Maggie. Becoming a tragic optimist and persevering is the only way to survive a protagonist position in a Miller play; however, not everyone is capable or willing to do so.

The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow's World

The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow's World

Proteins, possibly human, found in World War II concentration camp artifact

Museums displaying artifacts of the human struggle against oppression are often caught in their own internal struggle between presenting factual and unbiased descriptions of their collections, or relying on testament of survivors. Often this quandary is resolved in favor of what can be verified, not what is remembered. However, with improving instrumentation, methods and informatic approaches, science can help uncover evidence able to reconcile memory and facts. Following World War II, thousands of small, cement-like disks with numbers impressed on one side were found at concentration camps throughout Europe. Survivors claimed these disks were made of human cremains; museums erred on the side of caution—without documentation of the claims, was it justifiable to present them as fact? The ability to detect species relevant biological material in these disks could help resolve this question. Proteomic mass spectrometry of five disks revealed all contained proteins, including collagens and hemoglobins, suggesting they were made, at least in part, of animal remains. A new protein/informatics approach to species identification showed that while human was not always identified as the top contributor, human was the most likely explanation for one disk. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of protein recovery from cremains. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035267.