Structured Light Scanning Research Articles

Autoclaving-induced dimensional changes of three-dimensional printed surgical guides: An in vitro study.

Surgical guides are frequently used for dental implant placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the 3D printing process itself and subsequent steam autoclaving on the dimensional stability of five different resin/printer combinations (RPCs). Fifty identical surgical guides (10 per group) were produced consisting of five RPCs. Half of the guides (5 per group) were steam autoclaved with cycle 1 (121°C, 1 bar, 20.5 min) and the other half with cycle 2 (134°C, 2 bar, 5.5 min). All guides were scanned with a structured-light (SL) 3D scanner before (T0) and after (T1) autoclaving. Linear measurements along the x-, y-, and z-axes were performed at landmarks on the original STL file and on SL scans at T0 and T1, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear mixed-effects models were performed, depending on the analysis. Three-dimensional printing was associated with significant dimensional alterations for all RPCs. Steam autoclaving using cycle 1 was associated with significant shrinkage in x- (1 RPC), y- (2 RPCs), and z-direction (2 RPCs), while cycle 2 was also associated with shrinkage in x- (2 RPCs), y- (1 RPC), and z-direction (1 RPC). One resin did not present any dimensional changes independently of the cycle. The majority of the guides presented minor but significant shrinkage due to 3D printing itself and both steam autoclaving cycles, the extent varied between different RPCs. Whether these changes compromise implant placement accuracy remains to be investigated.

Structured light scanning artifact-based performance study

Structured light scanning is used to create a digital twin of a manufactured part, where features are extracted to determine if the part meets the designer’s intent and required tolerances. This paper describes repeatability and reproducibility analyses for a commercially-available structured light scanning system and measurement artifact. The repeatability study used five repeated scans at 15 measurement positions. Repeatability was assessed by randomly selecting one of the five scans at each of the 15 positions and creating a part mesh. This process was performed 50 times and the statistics for the dimension variations were calculated to isolate the scanning effects only. The same sequence was then performed for 10 of the 15 positions and five of the 15 positions to evaluate the repeatability sensitivity to the number of measurement positions. Reproducibility was assessed by selecting 15 positions to create a mesh and repeating the 15-position measurement sequence 10 times using different positions for each mesh construction. The statistics for the dimension variations were then calculated. This incorporated the effects of both scanning and the position and orientation of the part relative to the scanner. This sequence was repeated for 10-position and five-position scans to evaluate the corresponding sensitivity. Finally, the artifact dimensions from structured light scanning were compared to coordinate measuring machine measurements of the same features.

Hybrid manufacturing by additive friction stir deposition, metrology, CNC machining, and microstructure analysis

Aerospace flight panels must provide high strength with low mass. For aluminum panels, it is common practice to begin with a wrought plate and remove the majority of the material to attain the desired structure, comprising a thinner plate with the desired pattern of reinforcement ribs. As an alternative, this study implements hybrid manufacturing, where aluminum is first deposited on a baseplate only at the rib locations using additive friction stir deposition (AFSD). Structured light scanning is then used to measure the printed geometry. This geometry is finally used as the stock model for computer numerical control (CNC) machining. This paper details the hybrid manufacturing process that consists of: AFSD to print the preform, structured light scanning to generate the stock model and tool path, three-axis CNC machining, and post-process measurements for part geometry and microstructure.

Heat Transfer Analysis of Damaged Shrouded High-Pressure Turbine Rotor Blades

Due to the increasingly high turbine inlet temperatures, heat transfer analysis is now, more than ever, a vital part of the design and optimization of high-pressure turbine rotor blades of a modern jet engine. The present study aimed to find out how shape deviation and in-service deterioration affect heat exchange patterns on the rotor blade. The rotor geometries used for this analysis are represented by a set of high-resolution 3D structured light scans of blades with the same number of in-service hours. An automatic meshing technique was employed to generate high-resolution meshes directly on the scanned rotor geometries, which captured all the surface features with high fidelity. Steady-state 3D RANS flow simulations with a k-ω SST turbulence model were conducted on a one-and-a-half stage computational domain of the scanned geometries. First, the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient was calculated for each blade; then, a correlation was sought between the heat transfer coefficient and parametrized shape deviation, to assess the impact of each parameter on HTC levels.

Fracture surface morphology characterization and its influence on plugging performance of granular lost circulation materials

The irregularity and complexity of formation fracture morphology lead to great uncertainty in lost circulation control. At present, the fracture morphology is simplified to be smooth in the process of fracture plugging investigation, thus the influence of fracture surface morphology on the retention behavior and pressure bearing capacity of granular lost circulation materials (LCMs) remains unknown. To fill this gap, the reverse engineering technology was utilized for investigating the influence of fracture surface morphology on plugging performance. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) reverse reconstruction and quantitative characterization of fracture surface were realized based on the 3D coordinates of real fracture surfaces, which were obtained through the 3D structured light scanning. A new parameter “particle size matching factor” was established to analysis the retention behavior of LCM particles. A new method for fracture plugging experiments was established based on 3D printing technology, which can obtain the structure of the sealing zone in fracture with real morphology. The results show that the irregularity of the real fracture surface leads to the local shrinkage of the flow channels, while provide support force to LCMs, which has an important influence on the plugging performance of LCMs. The larger the “particle size matching factor”, the easier to form retention in fractures. With the increase of Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) and fractal dimension, the pressure bearing capacity of the sealing zone is significantly improved. The research results are helpful to more accurately realize the plugging mechanism of granular LCMs, which contributes to improve efficiency of lost circulation control.

Slim the face or not: 3D change of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction: a pilot study

BackgroundWhether slim the face or not after removed third molars is the concern of some orthodontic treatment candidates. The aim of this article is to explore the volume changes of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction, as well as develop a reproducible clinical protocol to precisely assess facial soft tissue volume change.MethodsA non-randomized, non-blind, self-controlled pilot study was conducted. 24 adults aged 18–30 had ipsilateral third molars extracted. The body weight change was controlled within 2 kg. Structured light scans were taken under a standardized procedure pre-extraction (T0), three (T1), and six (T2) months post-extraction; CBCTs were taken at T0 and T2. The projection method was proposed to measure the soft tissue volume (STV) and the soft tissue volume change (STVC) by the Geomagic software. The hard tissue volume change (HTVC) was measured in the Dragonfly software.ResultsThe final sample size is 23, including 5 males (age 26.6 ± 2.5 years) and 18 females (age 27.3 ± 2.5 years). The HTVC was − 2.33 ± 0.46ml on the extraction side. On the extraction side, the STV decreased by 1.396 (95% CI: 0.323–2.470) ml (P < 0.05) at T1, and increased by 1.753 (95% CI: -0.01-3.507) ml (P = 0.05) at T2. T2 and T0 had no difference (P > 0.05). The inter and intra-raters ICC of the projection method was 0.959 and 0.974. There was no correlation between the STVC and HTVC (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAfter ipsilateral wisdom teeth extraction, the volume of hard tissue on the extraction side reduces, and the volume of facial soft tissue does not change evidently. However, further research with large sample size is still needed. The STV measurement has excellent repeatability. It can be extended to other interested areas, including forehead, nose, paranasal, upper lip, lower lip and chin, which is meaningful in the field of orthodontics and orthopedics.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018305 (11/09/2018), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28868.

Reviewing and analyzing shrinkage of peat and other organic soils in relation to selected soil properties

AbstractPeat and other organic soils (e.g., organo‐mineral soils) show distinctive volume changes through desiccation and wetting. Important processes behind volume changes are shrinkage and swelling. There is a long history of studies on shrinkage which were conducted under different schemes for soil descriptions, nomenclatures and parameters, measurement approaches, and terminologies. To date, these studies have not been harmonized in order to compare or predict shrinkage from different soil properties, for example, bulk density or substrate composition. This, however, is necessary to prevent biases in the determination of volume‐based soil properties or for the interpretation of elevation measurements in peatlands, in order to predict carbon dioxide emissions or uptake caused by microbial decomposition or peat formation. This study gives a comprehensive overview of shrinkage studies carried out in the last 100 years. Terminology and approaches are systematically classified. In part I, the concepts for shrinkage characteristics, measurement methods, and model approaches are summarized. Part II is a meta‐analysis of shrinkage studies on peat and other organic soils amended by own measurement data obtained by a three‐dimensional structured light scanner. The results show that maximum shrinkage has a wide range from 11% to 93% and is strongly affected by common soil properties (botanical composition, degree of decomposition, soil organic carbon, and bulk density). Showing a stronger correlation, bulk density was a better predictor than soil organic carbon, but maximum shrinkage showed a large spread over all types of peat and other organic soils and ranges of bulk density and soil organic carbon.

Process planning for hybrid manufacturing using additive friction stir deposition

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) provides a solid-state approach to metal deposition that does not rely on local melting and solidification, but rather on kinetic energy and plastic flow. In this study, AFSD is combined with structured light scanning, turning, and milling to produce metal components while considering the unique requirements imposed by the hybrid manufacturing process sequences. Two demonstrations are presented which include: 1) a cylindrical build plate selection to enable coordinate system transfer between deposition and turning of a hollow cone; and 2) intermittent deposition-machining operations with structured light scanning to fabricate a two-sided hexagon-cylinder geometry.

DIGITAL REPLICAS OF BRITISH MUSEUM ARTEFACTS

Abstract. The digitisation of museum exhibits has played an essential role in geomatics research for generating digital replicas, as it offers the chance to address rather challenging issues. The use of different sensors, ranging from active to passive, and also structured light scanners or hybrid solutions, the various destinations and purposes of the final results combined with the extreme variety of possible objects have made it a field of investigation highly inquired in the literature.The present study aims to analyse and discuss a digitalisation workflow applied to four Sumerian civilisation masterpieces preserved in the British Museum. The dense and accurate 3D point clouds derived from a specimen of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines in collaboration with Faro technologies have twofold roles: ground truth and geometric reference of the final digital replicas. Digital photogrammetry is employed to enrich the models with the relevant radiometric component. The significant contribution results, exploiting co-registration strategies, offer careful guidance of a photogrammetric protocol created in a highly controlled environment combined with skilful expedients and devices. The proposed approach enables the acquisition of high-quality and radiometrically balanced images and improves the possibility of automating the masking procedure before the photogrammetric processing.

A 3D REPOSITORY OF DINOSAUR TEETH: THE GENERATION OF OPEN RESOURCES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIMENS

Abstract. Among the many valuable uses of the artificial intelligence in the field of museums, it may assist the classification of out-of-context items. This paper deals with the problem of the identification of dinosaur teeth (a type of fossil that is usually found scattered), which can be tackled by means of multivariate algorithms (such as the principal components, discriminant or cluster analyses) taking as a starting point a series of morphometric values (i.e., distances between specific points of the fossil tooth). A good interpretation requires some comprehension regarding the mathematical algorithms that are used, as well as the specific knowledge in palaeontology that permits appreciating the actual reach of the results. However, based on metric values as the computations are, there must also be some control over their precision and the possibility of checking the old measurements or complete the list of morphometric variables. This is an aspect that may be solved if the three-dimensional models of the teeth are made publicly available.The text describes the 3D documentation of a set of twelve fossil teeth of the museum of Natural Sciences of Álava (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain) —approximately from 1 to 6 cm in size— using a structured light scanner and close-up photographs for recording some features smaller than the resolution of the scanner. The information about each tooth was then packed and uploaded to the university repository, from where it is also accessible via cultural and scientific aggregators (such as Europeana); likewise, reduced resolution copies are also accessible in the commercial platform Sketchfab®.

STONE WALLS, CHARACTERS, MOSS AND TREES – MULTILEVEL DOCUMENTATION OF INSCRIPTIONS AND GRAFFITI FROM DIFFERENT CENTURIES IN A FORMER SANDSTONE QUARRY

Abstract. The Fingalshöhle near Illesheim, Germany, is today both an archaeological and a cultural heritage site. This paper will show the application and analysis of the combination of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and high resolution structured-light-scanning (SLS) as a multilevel documentation approach to help preserve this unique location with its graffiti and inscriptions from the past 300 years. The site is a decommissioned sandstone quarry which has been gradually taken over by nature. The quarry served as field quarters for troops during several wars, with soldiers carving inscriptions into the sandstone walls. In the later 18th and 19th centuries, the site attracted visitors, who also immortalised themselves. These witnesses to the site’s diverse history are threatened by the ever-increasing overgrowth of the quarry, and above all by weathering processes impacting the unprotected stone. Photographs show that over periods as short as the last 15 years, climatic effects have completely obliterated some inscriptions. The characters are thus slowly but steadily being erased. Since the decay could only be stopped with massive interventions to the quarry itself, the aim is that a documentation should preserve, at least in digital form, the current state, giving future generations the opportunity to experience and explore this multi-layered site. As well as recording the vulnerable inscriptions, the digitising process can in some cases make even the most severely degraded inscriptions legible once more. The processed data serves as documentation for the municipality, and can be used for future research approaches and monitoring purposes as well as dissemination.

RESEARCH ON THE 3D DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM OF CLASSICAL CHINESE GARDENS IN SCENIC AREAS – TAKING KUNSHAN SUIYUAN AS AN EXAMPLE

Abstract. Classical Chinese gardens built in scenic areas have characteristics in rich scales, multi-type elements, and a complex development history. Due to the designed landscape characteristics of "hidden the garden in bigger landscapes", it is often difficult to obtain high-quality heritage information through traditional surveying approaches. The aim of this research is to establish a digital 3D documentation technology system for the classical gardens in scenic areas. Suiyuan Garden, a classical Chinese garden with a history of more than 300 years, was used as a case study. We have integrated UAV low-altitude photogrammetry, handheld laser scanning, ground-mounted laser scanning, macro structured light scanning and other technologies to obtain the 3D data, and to build a digital twin by developing the technical workflow and data standard. The innovation of the research lies in: 1) We used a variety of digital mapping methods to record the pattern between the garden and the surrounding landscape; 2) We adopted a combination of handheld and ground-mounted laser scanning systems to build spatial structures and better cover the ground spaces; 3) We established a workflow for the conversion from point cloud to mesh model for different garden features, which can improve the usability of 3D heritage information; 4) We used the 3D cultural heritage modelling approach to improve the standards of the digital conservation of historic plants. The outcomes of this research could be used as the basis for the construction of Historic Landscape Information Model (HLIM) in the near future.

Impact of post-freeze annealing on shrinkage of sucrose and trehalose lyophilisates

Freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals produces lyophilisates with properties that depend on both the formulation and the process. Characterisation of the lyophilisate in terms of appearance is necessary not only to produce a visually appealing product, but also to gain insight into the freeze-drying process. The present study investigates the impact of post-freeze annealing on the volume of lyophilisates. For this purpose, sucrose and trehalose solutions were freeze-dried with different annealing conditions and the resulting lyophilisates were analysed with a 3D structured light scanner. The external structure of the lyophilisates was found to be dependent on the bulk materials as well as the choice of vials, while the volume was influenced by the annealing time and temperature. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine glass transition temperatures of frozen samples. As a novelty, the volumes of the lyophilisates and their corresponding glass transition temperatures were compared. This resulted in a correlation supporting the theory that the shrinkage of lyophilisates depends on the amount of residual water in the freeze-concentrated amorphous phase before drying. Understanding the volume change of lyophilisates, in combination with material properties such as glass transition temperature, forms the basis for relating physicochemical properties to process parameters in lyophilisation.

Splash erosion and surface deformation following a drop impact on the soil with different hydrophobicity levels and moisture content.

The splash phenomenon and the scale of the surface deformation of post-fire soils in the variants of various hydrophobicity and moisture content were studied. Splash erosion is the result of the impact of a single water drop and was analysed using high-speed cameras, while the surface deformation was parameterized using a structured light scanner. The extremely water-repellent variant (dry_V) showed distinct differences, expressed primarily in the number of ejected particles, which was 2.5 times higher than in the four soils with lower levels of hydrophobicity. It was also observed that as a result of the drop impact onto an extremely hydrophobic soil surface, a form known as liquid marble was created inside the crater. Soil moisture content determined the manner, scale and dynamics of the splash erosion. In the case of wet soils, the phenomenon proceeded up to five times faster, and as a result of the drop impact, a large number of fine particles were ejected, which reached nearly twice the velocities and three times the displacement distances compared to the dry soil group. However, the particles and/or aggregate splashed on the dry samples were larger, which also translated into the formation of craters up to twice as extensive as those in the wet soils.

3-D Structured Light Scanning With Phase Domain-Modulated Fringe Patterns

Existing 3D structured light scanning methods require a high number of images (multi-frequency phase shifting, MF-PS) or embed signals in the space domain (space domain modulation phase shifting, SDM-PS) to conduct phase unwrapping. These methods are either movement sensitive (for MF-PS) or low in accuracy (for SDM-PS). In this work, a new 3D structured light scanning method is proposed to use the theoretical minimum of three images only. Unlike existing methods that directly embed signals in the space domain, the assistance signals are modulated in the phase domain of phase shifting images, inspired by the phase-shift keying (PSK) theory. Phase calculation in the proposed phase domain modulation phase shifting (PDM-PS) method is independent of embedded assistance signals. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of phase codewords and the accuracy of phase unwrapping and 3D reconstruction are well retained. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PDM-PS method using only three images was able to achieve comparable 3D measurement accuracy as the traditional MF-PS method (3 images vs. 9 images, 0.03 mm vs. 0.02 mm); and both using three images, the proposed PDM-PS method outperformed the traditional SDM-PS method in terms of measurement accuracy (0.03 mm vs. 0.07 mm).

Freeform Hybrid Manufacturing: Binderjet, Structured Light Scanning, Confocal Microscopy, and CNC Machining

This paper describes a hybrid manufacturing approach for silicon carbide (SiC) freeform surfaces using binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) to print the preform and machining to obtain the design geometry. Although additive manufacturing (AM) techniques such as BJAM allow for the fabrication of complex geometries, additional machining or grinding is often required to achieve the desired surface finish and shape. Hybrid manufacturing has been shown to provide an effective solution. However, hybrid manufacturing also has its own challenges, depending on the combination of processes. For example, when the subtractive and additive manufacturing steps are performed sequentially on separate systems, it is necessary to define a common coordinate system for part transfer. This can be difficult because AM preforms do not inherently contain features that can serve as datums. Additionally, it is important to confirm that the intended final geometry is contained within the AM preform. The approach described here addresses these challenges by using structured light scanning to create a stock model for machining. Results show that a freeform surface was machined with approximately 70 µm of maximum deviation from that which was planned.

COMBINING STRUCTURED LIGHT SCANNING AND 3D PRINTING TO PRODUCE PHYSICAL MODELS OF HUMAN BONES: A PILOT STUDY

While the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for more accessible anatomy instruction tools, it is also well known that the time allocated to practical anatomy teaching has reduced in the past decades. Notably, the opportunity for anatomy students to learn osteology is not prioritised, nor is the ability of students to appreciate osteological variation. As a potential method of increasing accessibility to bone models, this study describes the process of developing 3D-printed replicas of human bones using a combination of structured light scanning (SLS) technology and 3D printing.Human bones were obtained from the Anatomy Lab at the University of Edinburgh and were digitised using SLS via an Einscan H scanner. The resulting data was then used to print multiple replicas of varying materials, colours, scales and resolutions on an Ultimaker S3 3D printer. To gather opinion on these models and their variables, surveys were completed by anatomy students and educators (n=57). Data was collected using a Likert scale response, as well as free-text answers to gather qualitative information.3D scans of the scapula, atlas (C1 vertebrae) and femur were successfully obtained. Plastic replicas were produced with defined variables in 4 separate stations e.g. different colours, to obtain results from survey respondents. For colour, 87.7% of survey respondents preferred white models, with 7% preferring orange and 5.3% preferring blue. For material, 47.4% of respondents preferred PLA (Polylactic acid), while 33.3% preferred ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), 12.3% preferred Pet-G (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol), 3.5% preferred Glassbend and 3.5% had no preference. Additional results based on scale and resolution were also collected.This initial study has demonstrated a proof-of-concept workflow for SLS technology to be combined with 3D printing to produce plastic replicas of human bones. Our study has provided key information about the colour, scale, material and resolution required for these models. Our future work will focus on determining accuracy of the models and their use as teaching aids for osteology education.

USING STRUCTURED LIGHT SCANNING TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE INTERACTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC ANATOMY INSTRUCTION TOOLS

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a pivot to online learning for many traditional, hands-on subjects such as anatomy. This, coupled with the increase in online education programmes, and the reduction of time students spend in anatomy dissection rooms, has highlighted a real need for innovative and accessible learning tools. This study describes the development of a novel 3-dimensional (3D), interactive anatomy teaching tool using structured light scanning (SLS) technology. This technique allows the 3D shape and texture of an object to be captured and displayed online, where it can be viewed and manipulated in real-time.Human bones of the upper limb, vertebrae and whole skulls were digitised using SLS using Einscan Pro2X/H scanners. The resulting meshes were then post-processed to add the captured textures and to remove any extraneous information. The final models were uploaded into Sketchfab where they were orientated, lit and annotated. To gather opinion on these models as effective teaching tools, surveys were completed by anatomy students (n=35) and anatomy educators (n=8). Data was collected using a Likert scale response, as well as free text answers to gather qualitative information.3D scans of the scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, vertebrae and skull were successfully produced by SLS. Interactive models were produced via scan data in Sketchfab and successfully annotated to provide labelled 3D models for examination. 94% of survey respondents agreed that the interactive models were easy to use (n=35, 31% agree and 63% strongly agree) and 97% agreed that the 3D interactive models were more useful than 2D images for learning bony anatomy (n=35; 26% agree and 71% strongly agree).This initial study has demonstrated a suitable proof-of-concept for SLS technology as a useful technique for producing 3D interactive online tools for learning and teaching bony anatomy. Current studies are focussed on determining the SLS accuracy and the ability of SLS to capture soft tissue/joints. We believe that this tool will be a useful technique for generating online 3D interactive models to study orthopaedic anatomy.

Multitemporal and Multiscale Applications of Geomatic Techniques to Medium-Sized Archaeological Sites—Case Study of Marroquíes Bajos (Jaén, Spain)

This study describes a methodology for obtaining a geometric documentation of a medium-sized archaeological area by applying various geomatic techniques. The procedure considers the obtainment of products at several scales, from the entire site to small artifacts, and at several dates, in order to model the evolution of the archaeological work. The methodology includes both LiDAR and photogrammetry, using the LiDAR point clouds to support the geometry obtained using photogrammetry and adding texture from this source. The technique used was adapted to the circumstances of the scene by considering the scale level (resolution and accuracy), complexity, and other requirements of the project. In the case of LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanning and structured-light scanning were used, and the aerial photogrammetry used two types of RPAS (medium and low flight height), close range photogrammetry with a conventional camera, and very close-range photogrammetry with a conventional camera mounted with a macro lens. The methodology demonstrated its feasibility for performing these types of studies, providing products adapted to the required scale level. All results were integrated into a website, including a map that allows user interaction and displays products at a selected zoom level, according to their scale level. The website also displays 3D models of the scenes and objects studied.

3D scanning of Upper Limb anatomy by a depth-camera-based system

The 3D reconstruction of upper limb anatomy plays a significant role in many biomedical fields such as ergonomics, motion rehabilitation, and prosthesis design. In the last few years, the technical advancement of consumer-grade depth cameras has supported the development of portable and low-cost optical 3D body scanners for healthcare applications. The real-time scanning of human body parts, however, still represents a complex task due to the non-stationary nature of the scanning target. This issue imposes that the scanning time must be reduced as much as possible to minimize scanning artifacts. In this regard, depth cameras can capture geometrical information at video frame rates, thus guaranteeing fast acquisition times. Furthermore, the simultaneous use of multiple sensors would minimize undercut geometries, which impair the 3D reconstruction’s completeness. In this work, a portable 3D optical scanner has been developed by rigidly assembling three Intel® RealSense™ D415 depth cameras on a lightweight circular frame. The three sensors are mutually calibrated, by using a 3D printed calibration specimen, to simultaneously align acquisitions from the three different camera viewpoints for each scanner pose. The system’s effectiveness has been assessed by acquiring the geometry of both a plaster hand and a human hand and comparing the results with those obtained by a high-end stationary structured light scanner. The developed system represents a low-cost handheld alternative to existing body scanners for collecting and storing 3D anatomical data, which can be used in the design process of bespoke medical devices.