Structured Knowledge Research Articles

Quantity Knowledge Extraction and Search

Vinh Thinh Ho is an applied scientist at Amazon Development Center, working in Alexa AI-NLU team. He completed his PhD at Max Planck Institute for Informatics, under the supervision of Prof. Gerhard Weikum. His research broadly covers the area of semantic web, with main focuses on knowledge bases, quantity search, information extraction and retrieval, rule mining and NLP. This research conducted by Vinh Thinh Ho developed new methods for the extraction and search of quantity knowledge over web contents. Quantities are more than mere numbers. They represent measurements of various entities in the world, such as the heights of buildings, the timings of athletes, the energy efficiency of car models, or the energy production of power plants, all expressed in numbers with associated units. While modern search engines effectively support entity-centric searches and question answering, they struggle when the queries involve quantity filters, such as searching for athletes who ran 200m under 20 seconds or companies with quarterly revenue above $2 Billion. These systems fail to understand the quantities, including the condition (less than, above, etc.), the unit of interest (seconds, dollar, etc.), and the context of the quantity (200m race, quarterly revenue, etc.). QA systems based on structured knowledge bases also fail as quantities are poorly covered by state-of-the-art KBs. We developed new methods to overcome these limitations and advance the state-of-the-art on quantity knowledge extraction and search.

Automatic transparency evaluation for open knowledge extraction systems

BackgroundThis paper proposes Cyrus, a new transparency evaluation framework, for Open Knowledge Extraction (OKE) systems. Cyrus is based on the state-of-the-art transparency models and linked data quality assessment dimensions. It brings together a comprehensive view of transparency dimensions for OKE systems. The Cyrus framework is used to evaluate the transparency of three linked datasets, which are built from the same corpus by three state-of-the-art OKE systems. The evaluation is automatically performed using a combination of three state-of-the-art FAIRness (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) assessment tools and a linked data quality evaluation framework, called Luzzu. This evaluation includes six Cyrus data transparency dimensions for which existing assessment tools could be identified. OKE systems extract structured knowledge from unstructured or semi-structured text in the form of linked data. These systems are fundamental components of advanced knowledge services. However, due to the lack of a transparency framework for OKE, most OKE systems are not transparent. This means that their processes and outcomes are not understandable and interpretable. A comprehensive framework sheds light on different aspects of transparency, allows comparison between the transparency of different systems by supporting the development of transparency scores, gives insight into the transparency weaknesses of the system, and ways to improve them. Automatic transparency evaluation helps with scalability and facilitates transparency assessment. The transparency problem has been identified as critical by the European Union Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) guidelines. In this paper, Cyrus provides the first comprehensive view of transparency dimensions for OKE systems by merging the perspectives of the FAccT (Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency), FAIR, and linked data quality research communities.ResultsIn Cyrus, data transparency includes ten dimensions which are grouped in two categories. In this paper, six of these dimensions, i.e., provenance, interpretability, understandability, licensing, availability, interlinking have been evaluated automatically for three state-of-the-art OKE systems, using the state-of-the-art metrics and tools. Covid-on-the-Web is identified to have the highest mean transparency.ConclusionsThis is the first research to study the transparency of OKE systems that provides a comprehensive set of transparency dimensions spanning ethics, trustworthy AI, and data quality approaches to transparency. It also demonstrates how to perform automated transparency evaluation that combines existing FAIRness and linked data quality assessment tools for the first time. We show that state-of-the-art OKE systems vary in the transparency of the linked data generated and that these differences can be automatically quantified leading to potential applications in trustworthy AI, compliance, data protection, data governance, and future OKE system design and testing.

Knowledge, Attitude & Practice (KAP) among Staff Nurses Regarding Biomedical Waste Management (BMW): A Correlational Study Design

Background: The safe and effective management of biomedical waste generated in the hospital is a collective responsibility of all health workers involved in patient care. It is cardinal that the staff nurses must have up to date knowledge regarding handling and management of biomedical waste for the sake of both themselves and the patients. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice levels among staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management and to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice levels. Materials and Methods: The following study adopted a Correlational design. 100 staff nurses from selected hospitals in Kollam, Kerala were assigned using convenience sampling. The data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire, a five-point Likert attitude scale and a verbal response checklist. Results: Findings of the study revealed that the Spearman’s Rank Coefficient (Rho) ‘ρ’ calculated at 0.65** for finding the relationship between knowledge and attitude levels was statistically significant at P<0.01 level. Also, the ‘ρ’ value (0.59**) calculated between knowledge and practice levels was significant at 0.01 level. The Chi square (χ2) value calculated was statistically significant for Knowledge level and selected sociodemographic variables such as; Gender (χ2 18.56**, df=02, P<0.01 level) and Professional Experience (χ2 11.59*, df-04, p<0.05 level); Also, between professional experience and Attitude (6.44**) and professional experience and practice levels (10.17**). The Fisher’s exact test revealed association between Gender and Attitude (P# 0.016*, df=02, P<0.05 level) as well as Gender and Practice (P# 0.005**, df-01, P<0.01 level of significance). Conclusion: The findings confirmed that there was a medium/moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude as well as knowledge and practice levels regarding biomedical waste management among staff nurses. Keywords: KAP, BMW, Staff Nurses, Correlational Design.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION AND AWARENESS REGARDING USE OF CAFFEINE AND ENERGY DRINKS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE AT DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION AND AWARENESS REGARDING USE OF CAFFEINE AND ENERGY DRINKS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE AT DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND

A study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme regarding the knowledge and attitude of dietary management among patients undergoing hemodialysis at selected tertiary care hospital

Diet is an important factor for patients undergoing dialysis because of the effects of uremia. Goals of nutritional therapy are to minimize uremic symptoms and fluid and electrolyte imbalances, to maintain good nutritional status through adequate protein, calorie, vitamin, and mineral intake; and to enable the patient to eat a palatable and enjoyable diet. So the investigator conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme regarding the knowledge and attitude of dietary management among patients undergoing hemodialysis at Apollo DRDO hospital, Hyderabad. A Quasi experimental one group pre-test and post test design was selected to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme regarding the knowledge and attitude of dietary management among patients undergoing hemodialysis, For this study total 45 patients undergoing dialysis were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted in Apollo DRDO Hospital Hyderabad. Data was collected with the help of structured knowledge questionnaires with the permission from Nursing Head and Ethical approval from Apollo Hospital Jubilee hills. This study concluded that maximum participants had adequate knowledge after structured teaching programme and good attitude regarding their dietary management. The Results showcased that the pre–test mean Knowledge score was +8.4 and Standard Deviation (SD) ±4.59 whereas the post-test mean Knowledge score of was ±21.8 and Standard Deviation (SD) ±4.86. The calculated paired‘t’ value was (13.4) which is more than the table value (1.684) at 0.05 level of significance. The study shows that maximum participants 39(86.6%) had adequate knowledge after structured teaching programme and good attitude 35(77.7%) regarding their dietary management .The study has Shown that the structured teaching program was effective in increasing the knowledge and attitude regarding dietary management among the patients undergoing haemodialysis.

A framework for smart building technologies implementation in the Ghanaian construction industry: a PLS-SEM approach

ABSTRACT This study sought to identify the dimensions and the significant critical factors capable of enhancing Smart Building Technologies' (SBTs') implementation for smart building projects in developing countries. A desk literature review is first conducted to identify and categorize the potential factors. It is further analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on 227 valid data from experts in Ghana. The study revealed four underlying dimensions (i.e., ‘processes and control'[PC], ‘people and skills'[PS], ‘methods and techniques'[MT], and ‘knowledge sharing'[KS]) consisting 14 significant critical factors capable of enhancing SBTs implementation for smart building projects, with the top three comprising ‘appropriate procedures/practices for managing smart building projects (MT3)', ‘appropriate tools/techniques to guide smart building projects to their delivery (MT2)', and ‘skills and experience required to pick project team members for smart building projects (PS1)’. Further analysis with PLS-SEM revealed a significant positive effect of the four underlying dimensions and their positive interrelationships toward framework development. Besides the unique contribution of this study to the knowledge body, it also provides project managers and a construction design team with a structured knowledge of the skills, expertise, attitudes, decision-making, processes, control mechanisms, and effective delivery of smart building projects in developing countries.

Valorization of tropical fruit‐processing wastes and byproducts for biofuel production

AbstractGlobal energy demand is expanding due to an increasing population and the use of energy‐intensive technologies. Fossil‐based energy and transportation sectors have been blamed for greenhouse gas emissions and price fluctuations. Biofuel production has been suggested as a possible solution to this problem, despite the cost of production and difficulties with the availability of feedstocks, and the food versus energy debate, which is still a challenging issue. For many decades, researchers have been investigating how to valorize low‐cost and non‐edible biomass resources, including fruit‐processing waste and its byproducts, to produce various biofuels using innovative, cost‐effective, and green technologies to overcome these challenges. However, exhaustive studies and comprehensive and structured knowledge related to the biofuel production potential of fruit waste and byproducts are lacking because most of the research that has been done so far was specific to a single fruit, location, and method. As a result, this review paper emphasizes the evaluation of the physicochemical compositions of the wastes and byproducts derived from tropical fruit production and processing to determine their suitability in the production of different biofuels via various valorization techniques. The results of the review showed that fruit waste is a potential alternative raw material for producing different biofuels, like biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen, and fuel pellets.

A Correlational Study on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Artificial Intelligence in Health Care among Nursing Students of D. Y. Patil College of Nursing, Kolhapur, Maharashtra.

Healthcare system is undergoing a digital transformation, and artificial intelligence will play a significant role in defining everyday medical practice. The digital networking of patients, hospitals, physicians and other healthcare services is enabling a shift from a physician-centric approach to more patient-centred treatment. To exploit the potential of this technical innovation and ensure optimized care for patients, future doctors must be equipped with the appropriate skills. The use of Artificial intelligence has gained popularity during the last few decades and its use in medicine is increasing globally. Developing countries like India are lagging in the implementation of AI-based solutions in healthcare. There is a need to incorporate AI in the health system which may help not only in expediting diagnosis and management but also injudicious resource allocation. Hence it is necessary for the upcoming nurses to work with these technologies in order to provide holistic care with the advancements in healthcare. It is also necessary for the nursing students to have a positive or favorable knowledge and attitude towards artificial intelligence in their care. Objectives:1. To identify the knowledge regarding Artificial Intelligence in healthcare among nursing students.2. To identify the attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence in healthcare among nursing students3. To find out a correlation between knowledge & attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence in healthcare among nursing students.4. To find out an association between knowledge scores regarding Artificial Intelligence in healthcare among nursing students with their selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: The research approach adopted for the study was a correlational survey approach. Research design was Non experimental, Descriptive Correlational research design. The samples were selected for the study included 100 nursing students studying in D. Y. Patil College of Nursing by using nonprobability convenience sampling technique. Structured knowledge and attitude questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Result: Majority of the subjects 82 (82%) had average knowledge, 15 (15%) had poor knowledge and minimum 03 (3%) had good knowledge. Majority of the subjects 71 (71%) had positive attitude and minimum 29(29 %) had positive attitude. The calculated correlation value was (tcal =0.97) greater than 0 shows positive relationship. This indicated that there was a strongly positive correlation between knowledge and attitude which was statistically significant at p <0.05 level, regarding artificial intelligence in healthcare. There was no any significant association between knowledge scores and selected socio-demographic variables. The calculated Chi-square values was lesser than tabulated value at p< 0.05 level of significance. This indicated that there was no any significant association between knowledge scores with their selected socio-demographic variables at p< 0.05 level of significance. Interpretation and conclusion: The overall finding shows that majority of nursing students had average knowledge and positive attitude regarding artificial intelligence and there was an significant association between knowledge and attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.

Effectiveness of an Educational Package on Prevention and Management of Psychological Issues Related to COVID 19

On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency. Psychosocial and mental health problems arising in the aftermath of the outbreak of COVID-19 are an issue, especially for healthcare workers. Knowledge of the prevention and management of Psychological Issues related to COVID-19 is an important aspect. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test, post-test design to assess and evaluate the knowledge and practice of ASHA workers before and after the administration of an educational package on the prevention and management of psychological issues related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in selected Govt. Dispensary Delhi. A sample of 100 ASHA workers who provided health services during the COVID-19 Pandemic was selected by purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a structured practice rating scale were administered to assess the knowledge and practice of ASHA workers regarding the prevention and management of Psychological issues related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Educational package was found to be effective in enhancing both the knowledge and practice of ASHA workers with the “t” value of 14.67 and 9.42 respectively at 0.05 level of significance. There was a positive correlation (r=0.225) between the post-test knowledge and post-test practice score of ASHA workers on the prevention and management of COVID-19. The practice was found to be significantly associated with age and education. The study findings reveal that the Educational package was effective in enhancing both the knowledge and practice of ASHA workers.

Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Among B.Sc. Nursing 4th Year Students in Bee Enn College of Nursing at Chak Bhalwal Jammu: A Pre Experimental Study

Background: Chemotherapy is the use of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of cancer. It is one of the four treatment modalities (the other being surgery, radiation therapy, and biotherapy) that provide cure, control, or palliation. Cytotoxic drugs are used in the therapy of various neoplastic conditions, organ transplantation, and collagen vascular disorders and are used in oncology, radiotherapy, transplant, and immunology units.. Nurses must be aware of the safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs, which include assessment of drug preparation, administration and disposal. Methodology: A Pre-Experimental study following one pre-test post-test design was used. Participant’s data was collected from 40 students of Bsc(N) 4th year students using purposive sampling technique. Knowledge was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire. Conclusion: Data was analyzed using SPSS 16. The t test analysis showed a significant difference before and after the administration of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding safe handling of chemotherapy drugs (t=16.580 and p= 0.000) at 0.05 level of significance.

Empowerment of Premenopausal women regarding knowledge on Cardiac Health in selected Self Help Women Groups Mangalore

Heart disease is the number one cause of death among women. Although 450000 women die annually from it, this fact is unknown to many women. Because heart disease is frequently preventable, increasing awareness of personal risk and preventative measures is a key element of healthcare for women. Nurse clinicians can evaluate, educate, and counsel women regarding their risk for this pervasive disease and promote behaviour changes that will decrease that risk. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of empowerment programme on cardiac health among the premenopausal women’s and to find out an association between pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables among premenopausal women. The research design used in the study was pre–experimental one group pre-test post-test and non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to draw sample. The data was collected from 100 premenopausal women using the structured knowledge questionnaire. Empowerment programme was conducted and post-test was administered after 7days using the same structured knowledge questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of empowerment programme. The results revealed that the overall mean percentage knowledge score in the pre-test and post-test were 35.70% and 61.22% respectively. Enhancement mean percentage knowledge score was found to be 25.52%. The statistical paired ‘t’ test (t= 47.74) indicates that enhancement in the mean percentage knowledge score was found to be significant at 0.05 level for all the aspects under study. The association found to be significant between pre-test knowledge scores & selected socio demographic variables such as age, educational status, occupation, history of diabetes mellitus and information about cardiac disease at 0.05 levels (P< 0.05). There is no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and demographical variable such as religion, income, marital status and family history of cardiac disease.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and practice regarding infection control measures in labour room among fourth year BSc(N) students in selected Nursing Colleges of Tumkur

Background: Pregnancy, delivery is a normal physiological process. Most of the time the women achieve normal pregnancy outcome without any complication. But too many mothers and children in the world are dying and suffering from the effects ill health, poor nutrition and inadequate health care. The Puerperal sepsis is the second leading cause for maternal mortality i.e. 15% of maternal death due to sepsis. Today’s student Nurses are Tomorrow staff nurses. Nurses being the backbone of health care services at all levels play vital role in achieving this goal. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding infection control measures in labour room among fourth year BSc(N) students. Methodology: A Pre-experimental design was chosen for the study and conducted at selected Nursing colleges. The sample consisted of 60 students. The convenience sampling technique was used to select the samples. The pre test assessment of knowledge and practice were done using a Structured knowledge questionnaire and Observational checklist respectively. The structured teaching programme was administered to fourth year B.Sc Nursing students on Infection control measures in labour and the practice of Infection control measures were demonstrated to them. The Post test was conducted after a week. Result: The comparison of pre test and post test level of knowledge and practice revealed a calculated paired t value of 13.285 and 14.281 respectively which was found to be statistically highly significant at p<0.01. The post test knowledge and practice correlation value was 0.82 the value was more than table value, which shows that there is high correlation between knowledge and practice. It was highly significant at p<0.000 value. A statistically significant level of association was identified between the source of information and knowledge level of fourth year B.Sc Nursing students. Conclusion: The study was concluded that structured teaching programme on infection control measures in labour room was an effective method to improve the knowledge and practice level of student nurses on the significance of decreasing maternal mortality and morbidity.

Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among III-year BSc Nursing Students

Background: A pre-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Kangaroo mother care among III-year B.Sc. Nursing students in selected Nursing College, Tumkur district, Karnataka. A total sample of 60, III-year B.Sc. (N) students were selected using Simple random sampling technique. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge level among III-year BSc. nursing students regarding kangaroo mother care before and after structured teaching programme and to find out the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding kangaroo mother care among nursing students. The final objective was to determine the association between pre-test level of knowledge and selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A one-group pre-test post-test design was used to conduct the study. A sample comprising of 60 students were enrolled using simple random sampling technique. The conceptual framework of the study was based on Ludwig VonBertalanffy’s General System Model. Tools used for data collection were demographic Performa and structured knowledge questionnaire. Results: Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score 25.12±2.41was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 14.36±3.47 (p<0.01). Paired t value computed at 21.56** was statistically significant at p<0.01. which revealed that, there is significant increase in the mean post-test knowledge score. Significant association at 0.05 level was observed between knowledge with regard to their previous knowledge. Conclusion: The findings of the study confirmed that the structured teaching programme was significantly effective in improving the knowledge on kangaroo mother care amongIII year B.Sc. nursing students.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Hazards of Plastic use among women between 20 to 50 years in a selected area in Thiruvalla Municipality

The present study was aimed at finding the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding hazards of plastic use. The research approach used for the study was quantitative and research design was one group pretest posttest pre experimental design. The tool used for the study was structured knowledge questionnaires and baseline proforma. Content validity of the tool and contents was obtained from subject expert. In the main study 30 women from between the age group 20-50 years are selected by non -probability convenient sampling. The pretest knowledge on hazards of plastic use was assessed using structured knowledge questionnaires and STP was given. The majority (43.3%) of the sample who participated were from the age group of 41 to 50 Years and above whereas the remaining (36.7%) were from the age group of 31 to 40 years and 20% of mothers were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Post test was conducted using the same tool. The data was tabulated and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of STP on hazards of plastic use. The findings of the study revealed that there is an increase in knowledge of the women on hazards of plastic use. The study results revealed that STP was effective.

Effectiveness of information videos regarding autism among primary school teachers at selected rural schools of Bangalore

Autism is a developmental disorder which is characterized by a qualitative alteration of social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviors, interest and activity. Early identification of autism will improve the health and well-being of the children and prevents the possible disabilities which might occur in future. The objective of the study is to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding autism among primary school teachers; to determine the effectiveness of information videos to enhance knowledge of primary school teachers regarding autism and to find association between knowledge of primary school teachers with selected socio demographic variables. One group pretest –posttest design was selected for the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data from 60 primary school teachers in rural school of Bangalore. Samples were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypotheses of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level.: In the pre-test, about 63.3% of the samples had inadequate knowledge where as in the post test of the samples (66.7%) had gained adequate knowledge. These findings indicate that the video assisted teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of the primary school teachers regarding autism. A significant association was found between age (χ2 = 4.32), marital status (χ2=3.95) and place of residence (χ2=5.48) and the mean pre-test knowledge scores at 0.05 level of significance.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding the Prevention and Management of Covid-19 among Housewives in selected area of Alappuzha District in Kerala, India

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been recognized as a pandemic by WHO, and the rate is succeeding in day by day as mostly as community spread. Even though the invention of vaccines has a great result, we must continue the essential public health actions to suppress transmission and reduce mortality. The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding the prevention and management of covid-19 among housewives in selected areas of Alappuzha district in Kerala. The research method adopted for this study is an interventional study of one group pretest posttest type was design. The study group consists of 50 housewives selected by convenient sampling technique. The researcher assessed the knowledge regarding the prevention and management of COVID-19 using a structured knowledge questionnaire followed by a structured teaching programme. The study revealed that on pretest only 44% of samples had a good knowledge, 30% had average knowledge and 26% had poor knowledge whereas during the posttest all the samples scored good knowledge level. The study revealed that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge score among the housewives. The study pointed out a clear need for training programme with respect to a specific cluster of population emplaning upon their respective lifestyle, to improve the knowledge and compliance about risk and preventive measures. As a nursing professional, we have a crucial role creating awareness by innovative ways which should be adopted as one of the best practices to combat the spread of pandemic.

Effectiveness of Planned Health Teaching on Knowledge regarding Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Antenatal Mothers in selected rural area

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal deaths in developing countries. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rank high among the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Thus emphasizing the need to address this problem in order to ensure health and well-being of antenatal mothers. Methods: A pre experimental one group pre-test post-test study on effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in selected rural area. Total 60 mothers were selected by method of Probability simple random sampling technique as per the inclusion criteria. Pre- test was conducted to assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding pregnancy induced hypertension using structured knowledge questionnaire on day ‘1’. On the same day planned health teaching was also administered to antenatal mothers regarding pregnancy induced hypertension. On 7th day Post-test was conducted to assess the gain in knowledge using the same planned health teaching on the same sample. Finding: The pre-test mean score was 5.25 and the post-test mean score was 13.65. Thus there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge. Paired ‘t’ test was applied and calculated t value is 15.56 at 59 degree of freedom which is higher than the tabulated value 7.45 at 5% level of significance. Hence it was statistically interpreted that planned health teaching on pregnancy induced hypertension was effective. There was significant association of post-test knowledge with selected demographic variables that is age, Education and occupation as chi-square value is 13.52 and 14.20 respectively higher than the table value at 5% of significance which was statistically accepted. Hence it can be concluded that the study concluded that the planned health teaching as effective in improving the knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding pregnancy induced hypertension.

Development and application of visual analysis teaching software for acupoint compatibility laws

A user-friendly teaching software for visual analysis of acupoint compatibility laws has been developed based on the principles of partial order mathematics. This software is designed to provide auxiliary teaching of structured organization and visualization of law knowledge of compatibility data of acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions from ancient texts, textbooks, and clinical case records. The software is installed as a plugin in the Microsoft Office Excel, allowing the generation of visually appealing graphs and associated rules that align with the cognitive patterns of teachers and students majoring in acupuncture and moxibustion. Its aim is to facilitate the discovery and analysis of underlying patterns and structured knowledge embedded in acupoint compatibility data, thus contributing to the enhancement of teaching effectiveness in acupoint compatibility.

MSKD: Structured knowledge distillation for efficient medical image segmentation

In recent years, deep learning has revolutionized the field of medical image segmentation by enabling the development of powerful deep neural networks. However, these models tend to be complex and computationally demanding, posing challenges for practical implementation in clinical settings. To address this issue, we propose an efficient structured knowledge distillation framework that leverages a powerful teacher network to assist in training a lightweight student network. Specifically, we propose the Feature Filtering Distillation method, which focuses on transferring region-level semantic information while minimizing redundant information transmission from the teacher to the student network. This approach effectively mitigates the problem of inaccurate segmentation caused by similar internal organ characteristics. Additionally, we propose the Region Graph Distillation method, which exploits the higher-order representational capabilities of graphs to enable the student network to better imitate structured semantic information from the teacher. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, we conducted experiments on the Synapse multi-organ segmentation and KiTS kidney tumor segmentation datasets using various network models. The results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the segmentation performance of lightweight neural networks, with improvements of up to 18.56% in Dice coefficient. Importantly, our approach achieves these improvements without introducing additional model parameters. Overall, our proposed knowledge distillation methods offer a promising solution for efficient medical image segmentation, empowering medical experts to make more accurate diagnoses and improve patient treatment.

Process Defects Knowledge Modeling in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: An Ontological Framework

Comprehensive knowledge of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process defects, their causal factors, and relationships can enable proactive prevention and/or mitigation of those defects to ensure the production of high-quality products. However, this knowledge is scattered in a plethora of research articles, and there is a need for a formal and structured knowledge base to document the LPBF process defects knowledge and model the complex network of relationships among those defects and their causal factors. In response, this paper proposes an ontological framework to systematically structure and represent the knowledge of LPBF defects in a sustainable, reusable, and extensible way. In doing so, we first conducted a detailed literature review and analysis of current LPBF defect surveys to systematically develop a consistent and comprehensive classification of defects and potential causal factors. Then, to effectively represent the gathered knowledge, the ontological framework was designed to: (1) organize and formalize knowledge on LPBF defects and the causal factors, (2) model the complex network of causal links and cascading effects among the defects and causal factors, (3) enable easy querying of the stored knowledge, and (4) include ontological entities that are suitable for extension and reuse. A prototype LPBF defects ontology was developed in Web Ontology Language (OWL)/Resource Description Framework (RDF) formalism using the Protégé tool to effectively realize those design requirements. The developed ontology covers thirty-one unique defects and knowledge of their causal factors, including defect-to-defect causal relationships and hierarchical categorization under four major categories of high-level defect classes. Similarly, forty-five unique causal factors were categorized under twelve major categories. The proposed ontological framework and knowledge model offer a pathway to (1) provide a comprehensive knowledge base on LPBF defects for in-depth tutoring and training of novice researchers and practitioners; (2) help investigators to identify root causes of detected defects for informed corrective action; (3) guide process planning tasks from a defect control perspective; and (4) support future application and reuse of the knowledge. This study also provides several examples to illustrate the modeling of cascading effects in causal relationships, discovering knowledge using an ontology reasoner, visualizing the complex network of causal links using OntoGraph, and retrieving stored knowledge by answering competency questions using SPARQL queries. In the future, the reasoning capabilities of our proposed ontology can also be leveraged to develop expert systems for optimizing the AM workflow and quantitatively predict and diagnose LPBF defects.© 2023 Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the NAMRI/SME.