Structural Conversion Research Articles

Sustainable structural polysaccharides conversion: How does DES pretreatment affect cellulase adsorption, thereby improving enzymatic digestion of lignocellulose?

Biomass conversion aims at degrading the structural polysaccharides of lignocellulose into reducing sugars. Pretreatment is necessary to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. The DES La/ChCl in this paper was selected based on our previous study. To examine cellulase adsorption of lignocellulose after DES pretreatment, sorghum straw was pretreated with DES under different condition. The adsorption improvement of cellulase on lignocellulose after DES pretreatment has positive impact on reducing sugar production of biomass. After DES pretreatment, 1. pore corrosion caused the upward trend of pore radius and the downward trend of SSA. 2. the hydrogen bounding force of pretreated sorghum straw and MCC decreased, the hydrogen bounding force of pretreated lignin increased. 3. although the unsaturation of pretreated lignin increased, DES pretreatment is helpful for the removal of lignin. 4. The decrease in the hydrophobicity of sorghum straw make it easier to disperse. 5. the Zeta potential of pretreated sorghum straw shifted towards the positively charged region, while pretreated lignin shifted towards the negatively charged region. 6. different adsorption behaviors were observed in specific components of cellulase mixtures (BGs, CBHs, EGs and xlylanase). These results revealing the mechanism of enzyme adsorption are conductive for understanding the role of pretreatment in biomass conversion.

Design and implementation of isolated multilevel inverter with lower number of circuit devices

AbstractGalvanic isolation is an integral part for the grid connected solar PV system. With the advancement of multilevel inverters for the grid‐connected application, the multilevel inverters having isolation are not sufficiently discussed in the literature. Here, a 15‐level isolated multilevel inverter topology requiring only 13 switches is proposed. The proposed single‐phase isolated converter requires reduced switches to generate 15‐level ac output voltage with voltage gain of 7. Comparatively, the switches connected in the proposed converter undergo less voltage stress as compared to the MLIs reported in the literature. A comparison of the proposed converter structure to the state‐of‐the art MLIs described in the literature is included. The experimental results captured on a low‐power laboratory prototype are used to validate the performance of the proposed converter. The claimed efficiency of the converter calculated using simulation results is found to be 97.1%. However, the efficiency calculated using experimental results is 95.2% at 700 W.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗМІНИ РОБОЧИХ СТАНІВ ВИКОНАВЧИХ СТРУКТУР БАГАТОРІВНЕВИХ ВИПРЯМЛЯЧІВ

The main component of DC power supply systems are various semiconductor mostly controlled rectifiers with corresponding filter capacitors. In particular, these are multi-level rectifiers (MLRs) with a purposeful discrete-time change in the voltage transfer coefficient through a corresponding change in the operating state of its executive structure. Synthesized optimal variants of these structures are characterized by the high efficiency of the use of semiconductor switches elements. The work revealed and analyzed the peculiarities of the implementation of transitions between the specified operating states in two types of MLR – with a wide (full) and with a limited range of output voltage regulation. Taking into account these features made it possible to determine appropriate algorithms for discrete-time control of semiconductor switches elements of the MLR, which ensure an acceptable course of these transitions, during which the possibility of noticeable unwanted surges or drops in the voltage supplied to the consumer is practically excluded. The multivariate implementation of the algorithms for transitions between the output voltage levels of the MLR is another aspect of the multivariate transformer-and-switches executive structures of converters in general. References 10, tables 1, figures 5.

Sulfated Polysaccharides as a Fighter with Protein Non-Physiological Aggregation: The Role of Polysaccharide Flexibility and Charge Density.

Proteins can lose native functionality due to non-physiological aggregation. In this work, we have shown the power of sulfated polysaccharides as a natural assistant to restore damaged protein structures. Protein aggregates enriched by cross-β structures are a characteristic of amyloid fibrils related to different health disorders. Our recent studies demonstrated that model fibrils of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) can be disaggregated and renatured by some negatively charged polysaccharides. In the current work, using the same model protein system and FTIR spectroscopy, we studied the role of conformation and charge distribution along the polysaccharide chain in the protein secondary structure conversion. The effects of three carrageenans (κ, ι, and λ) possessing from one to three sulfate groups per disaccharide unit were shown to be different. κ-Carrageenan was able to fully eliminate cross-β structures and complete the renaturation process. ι-Carrageenan only initiated the formation of native-like β-structures in HEWL, retaining most of the cross-β structures. In contrast, λ-carrageenan even increased the content of amyloid cross-β structures. Furthermore, κ-carrageenan in rigid helical conformation loses its capability to restore protein native structures, largely increasing the amount of amyloid cross-β structures. Our findings create a platform for the design of novel natural chaperons to counteract protein unfolding.

Modeling and Control of a DC-DC Buck–Boost Converter with Non-Linear Power Inductor Operating in Saturation Region Considering Electrical Losses

The present work proposes a nonlinear model of a buck–boost DC-DC power converter considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the power inductor and electrical losses of the system. The Euler–Lagrange formalism is used for formulating the proposed model. Previous research works have reported mathematical models to describe power inductor dynamics. However, a gap in the literature remains regarding modeling this kind of element when it operates within power converters. Also, a linear-based controller scheme is proposed to regulate a non-ideal buck–boost DC-DC power converter. A methodology for tuning the proposed controller is presented, which considers the nonlinear model structure of the power converter, the linearization procedure based on an identification process, and a frequency domain analysis based on the approximated linear model. Finally, the tuned control scheme is tested on the nonlinear model of the power converter under several operational conditions showing excellent performance by effectively regulating the output voltage. The results are compared with those derived from alternative control strategies, and a better performance is generally obtained.

A New Metal-Free Molecular Perovskite-Related Single Crystal with Quantum Wire Structure for High-Performance X-Ray Detection.

The family of metal-free molecular perovskites, an emerging novel class of eco-friendly semiconductor, welcomes a new member with a unique 1D hexagonal perovskite structure. Lowering dimensionality at molecular level is a facile strategy for crystal structure conversion, optoelectronic property regulation, and device performance optimization. Herein, the study reports the design, synthesis, packing structure, and photophysical properties of the 1D metal-free molecular perovskite-related single crystal, rac-3APD-NH4I3(rac-3APD= racemic-3-Aminopiperidinium), that features a quantum wire structure formed by infinite chains of face-sharing NH4I6 octahedra, enabling strong quantum confinement with strongly self-trapped excited (STE) states to give efficient warm orange emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as ≈41.6%. The study accordingly unveils its photoexcited carrier dynamics: rac-3APD-NH4I3 relaxes to STE state with a short lifetime of 10ps but decays to ground state by emitting photons with a relatively longer lifetime of 560ps. Additionally, strong quantum confinement effect is conducive to charge transport along the octahedral channels that enables the co-planar single-crystal X-ray detectors to achieve a sensitivity as high as 1556 µC Gyair -1 cm-2. This work demonstrates the first case of photoluminescence mechanism and photophysical dynamics of 1D metal-free perovskite-related semiconductor, as well as the promise for high-performance X-ray detector.

Analysis, design and control of a hybrid railway power conditioner considering power rating reduction

In order to effectively compensate negative sequence current (NSC) of the V/v traction system and reduce the capacity and cost of railway power conditioner (RPC), a low-cost hybrid railway power conditioner (HRPC) technology scheme considering regenerative braking energy is proposed in this paper. The proposed HRPC consists of an RPC with a modular multilevel converter structure (MMC-RPC) and a railway static var compensator (RSVC). First, the circuit topology of the proposed scheme and the principle of NSC compensation considering regenerative braking energy are given. Then, the capacity configurations of MMC-RPC and RSVC are presented to reduce the capacity of active equipment and further lower the investment cost of HRPC. On this basis, the HRPC with energy storage units (ESU-HRPC) is studied to recycle the remaining regenerative braking energy, and the difference from the proposed HRPC is further analyzed. Subsequently, the capacities of HRPC and ESU-HRPC are designed based on the measured power data from a heavy-haul railway in China as an example. Besides, the system control strategy is given. Finally, the proposed technical schemes are verified by the hardware in loop (HIL) experiments.

Smart Drone with Renewable Smart System

In order to lessen its negative effects on the environment and to maintain its future operations in a clear, renewable, and sustainable manner, the aviation industry has begun developing designs that are dependent on alternative energy sources but also friendly to the environment and conventional energy. Solar energy has been suggested as a potential remedy. Aerial vehicles driven by solar energy are viewed as essential to limiting the consequences of global warming. In this study, a MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate a mathematical model of a solar-powered BLDC motor of a UAV. under photovoltaic (PV) array systems, the phrase "maximum power point tracking" (MPPT) is crucial to ensuring that, under specific circumstances, the connected systems receive the greatest power output. This study simulates "fuzzy logic control," one of the preferred MPPT methods, using a solar-powered BLDC motor for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design. The PV cell, MPPT, buck-boost converter, and BLDC motor models in the cascade structure are simulated, tested, and the results are compared to the DC motor technical data. As a result, despite changes in irradiance, the results of mathematical model simulation overlap with motor technical reference values. A mathematical model of a solar-powered BLDC motor for a UAV is created and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, in contrast to prior solar-powered BLDC motor literature efforts. The fuzzy logic control MPPT technique is preferred for adjusting the maximum power output at the solar cell, and a buck-boost converter structure is connected between the MPPT and the BLDC motor mathematical model. It is recommended for usage in solar-powered UAV designs in the future.

9 Practical Considerations for Adaptive Strategies By United States Grazing Land Managers with a Changing Climate

Abstract We outline practical considerations for grazing land adaptations with a changing climate, with an emphasis on the ranch operation scale and specific attention to directional climate changes and increased climate variability. These adaptive strategies fall into two themes: flexibility and learning under uncertainty. Ranches and livestock operations with greater land, social, or other capital resources may have more flexibility. Risk can be reduced for managers (ranchers, farmers, operators, and livestock managers) through participation in conservation or farm policy programs and/or market-based approaches. Bolstering adaptive capacity across landscapes and time can originate from social capital of operators and strategic collaborations among managers and scientists. As climate diverges from historical baselines and the realm of managers’ experiential knowledge, new conceptual frameworks are needed to structure conversations, influence research relevancy and impact, and drive imaginative solutions among researchers, managers, and local communities for socio-ecological systems. We provide simplified frameworks to help guide conversation, future research, and new imaginative solutions for systems-scale knowledge needs and adaptation to address increasingly uncertain and complex change at multiple scales. Practical considerations for adaptive strategies by grazing land managers with a changing climate will be accelerated through 1) collaborative efforts among managers and explicitly with science-management partnerships becoming more mainstream, 2) co-produced research with managers and researchers at ranch-scales, 3) development of communities of practice and associated learning opportunities, and 4) continued co-development and advancement of technologies and tools that result in high uptake adoption by ranch managers.

Effect of radio frequency explosion puffing on physicochemical, functional and crystalline properties, and in vitro digestibility of yam flour

Yam flour was modified by radio frequency explosion puffing at different moisture content, puffing temperature, and puffing pressure difference. After puffing, the protein content and lipid content increased by 0.56–1.28 % and 0.23–0.39 %, respectively. Puffing caused the flour granules to aggregate, increasing the thermal transition temperatures and reducing the pasting viscosities, enthalpy, 1047/1022 cm−1 ratio, and relative crystallinity. Puffing reduced the intensity of the infrared spectrum peak at 1641 cm−1 by breaking the hydrogen bonds without changing A-type crystalline structure. Puffing promoted the conversion of random-coil and α-helix protein structure to β-turn and β-sheet. Puffing retarded in vitro digestibility by reducing rapidly digestible starch content by 7.04–11.12 % and rising slowly digestible starch content and resistant starch content by 4.02–4.89 % and 2.77–3.10 %, respectively. Radio frequency explosion puffing altered flour's physicochemical, functional and digestibility properties by destroying the protein structure and promoting the interaction of starch and proteins/lipids.

Study on Thermal Behavior Characteristics and Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of Residual Coal Combustion Process in Deep High Initial Temperature Environment

ABSTRACT The shallow coal seam resources are gradually reduced, the depth of coal seam mining is increased, and the underground temperature is increased, which makes the risk of residual coal fire increase year by year. In order to explore the transformation path of functional groups during oxidation and the caloric release characteristics of residual coal in deep coal mine, the microcosmic changes of coal oxidation process in deep mine were analyzed by in situ diffuse reflectance (In situ FTIR) and electron spin resonance (EPR) experiments, and macroscopic characteristics such as characteristic temperature of residual coal were tested by synchronous thermal analysis experiment. In FTIR results, it is observed that hydroxyl groups, active aliphatic hydrocarbon structures, and active oxygen-containing groups are key chemical structures involved in the oxidation process of residual coal, displaying a strong correlation transformation phenomenon. This can be described as follows: oxygen absorption led to a negative correlation between aliphatic hydrocarbon structures and hydroxyl groups, while the conversion of aliphatic hydrocarbon structures into carboxyl and aldehyde groups resulted in a negative correlation between aliphatic hydrocarbons, carboxyl groups, and aldehyde groups. Active oxygen-containing functional groups showed a positive correlation. With the increased of free radical concentration, the type of free radicals increased and the linewidth (ΔH) increased. The high-temperature environment intensified thermal behavior tendencies, increased the number of active structures, and raised the risk of spontaneous combustion. The research results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the process of coal spontaneous combustion, and had important reference value for ensuring the safe mining of deep coal seams and implementing effective disaster prevention measures.

A method for preparing and investigating anti-/de-icing surface by integration of laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a silica sol adhesive (SMP@M-SiO2)

The ice accumulation has a significant negative impact on device/system functions, and the emergence of anti−/de-icing coatings has greatly improved this problem. However, the ideal ice-free state cannot be achieved by hydrophobic properties alone. In this study, we developed a method for developing a composite electro/photo-thermal (active) and superhydrophobic (passive) anti-/de-icing coating by laser-induced graphene (LIG) and post-modification with silica sol adhesive on selected underlying substrates. The composite coating consisted of the bottom layer of LIG, which played a role in constructing a porous skeleton structure and photothermal-electrothermal conversion; and a top layer of silica sol adhesive (SMP@M-SiO2) was used for bond strength enhancement and hydrophobic modification of the LIG. At −10 °C, the freezing time of water droplets on the SMP@M-SiO2@LIG surface was delayed about 14 times, and the ice adhesion strength decreased by 69.8 % when compared with the glass substrate surface. In addition, under one solar irradiation, the SMP@M-SiO2–5@LIG surface temperature rose to 56.5 °C in 900 s, which led to 21.5 times increase in delaying icing time when compared to the bare substrate. At a low DC voltage of 15 V, the temperature of the coating reached 177.1 °C in 60 s. At −20 °C, the developed surface showed no signs of freezing and achieved rapid de-icing and de-frosting in 6 s. The wide applicability of the SMP@M-SiO2–5@LIG surface was demonstrated on glass, plastics, metals, and ceramic substrates.The developed surface combining superhydrophobic passive anti-icing and electro/photo-thermal active de-icing properties is expected to be further applied in various prospective applications.

Liquefaction of Hongliulin coal asphaltenes and conversion of oxygenic structure

Based on the multistage liquefaction process, asphaltene was prepared from Hongliulin coal and deeply liquefied with Ni-Co-Mo, Co-Mo, and Fe2O3 catalysts. The yields of each component were obtained. Ultimate analysis, FT-IR and XPS was used to investigate the conversion of oxygenic structure. The results showed that the ability to catalyze asphaltene conversion was ranked as Ni-Co-Mo > Co-Mo > Fe2O3 in the range of 440–480 °C. The highest oil yield was 44.31% at 470 °C with Ni-Co-Mo catalyst. Ni-Co-Mo catalyst could effectively increase the H/C ratio and reduce the oxygen content of asphaltene, which had a strong correlation with the trend of oil yield. The main forms organic oxygen in remaining asphaltene after liquefaction were C = O, C-O and COO and the contents decreased sequentially. Ni-Co-Mo could catalyze the cleavage of C = O significantly to form a large amount of C-O and improve the oil yield after 460 °C. The C-O content was about 34% in remaining asphaltene, which was mainly a relatively stable aromatic ether structure and was not susceptible to hydrocracking reactions.

Using in silico tools to predict flame retardant metabolites for more informative exposomics-based approaches.

Introduction: The positive identification of xenobiotics and their metabolites in human biosamples is an integral aspect of exposomics research, yet challenges in compound annotation and identification continue to limit the feasibility of comprehensive identification of total chemical exposure. Nonetheless, the adoption of in silico tools such as metabolite prediction software, QSAR-ready structural conversion workflows, and molecular standards databases can aid in identifying novel compounds in untargeted mass spectral investigations, permitting the assessment of a more expansive pool of compounds for human health hazard. This strategy is particularly applicable when it comes to flame retardant chemicals. The population is ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, and evidence implicates some of these compounds as developmental neurotoxicants, endocrine disruptors, reproductive toxicants, immunotoxicants, and carcinogens. However, many flame retardants are poorly characterized, have not been linked to a definitive mode of toxic action, and are known to share metabolic breakdown products which may themselves harbor toxicity. As U.S. regulatory bodies begin to pursue a subclass- based risk assessment of organohalogen flame retardants, little consideration has been paid to the role of potentially toxic metabolites, or to expanding the identification of parent flame retardants and their metabolic breakdown products in human biosamples to better inform the human health hazards imposed by these compounds. Methods: The purpose of this study is to utilize publicly available in silico tools to 1) characterize the structural and metabolic fates of proposed flame retardant classes, 2) predict first pass metabolites, 3) ascertain whether metabolic products segregate among parent flame retardant classification patterns, and 4) assess the existing coverage in of these compounds in mass spectral database. Results: We found that flame retardant classes as currently defined by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) are structurally diverse, with highly variable predicted pharmacokinetic properties and metabolic fates among member compounds. The vast majority of flame retardants (96%) and their predicted metabolites (99%) are not present in spectral databases, posing a challenge for identifying these compounds in human biosamples. However, we also demonstrate the utility of publicly available in silico methods in generating a fit for purpose synthetic spectral library for flame retardants and their metabolites that have yet to be identified in human biosamples. Discussion: In conclusion, exposomics studies making use of fit-for-purpose synthetic spectral databases will better resolve internal exposure and windows of vulnerability associated with complex exposures to flame retardant chemicals and perturbed neurodevelopmental, reproductive, and other associated apical human health impacts.

Cu-doping: Accelerated in-situ electrochemical conversion of metal-organic frameworks for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Traditional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts such as IrO2 and RuO2 suffer from high costs and susceptibility to poisoning. Therefore, low-priced, efficient, and stable alternatives urgently need to be developed. In this work, Cu-doped Co metal-organic framework (MOF) was constructed by a one-step solvothermal method, exhibiting excellent OER activity in 1 M KOH with a low overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and long-term electrochemical durability for 24 h. The mechanism study showed that the amorphous CoOOH formed by in-situ conversion of MOF structure in the electrochemical water oxidation environment was the real active species. The introduction of Cu significantly changed the morphology and surface electronic structure of Co-MOF-74, facilitated the adsorption of water molecules and accelerated the in-situ conversion of Co3Cu-MOF-74 to CoOOH, resulting in improved OER performance. Our work provides new insights into the design of efficient OER electrocatalysts and the mechanistic understanding of MOF-derived electrocatalysts.

Multi‐port bidirectional isolated DC–DC resonance converter with constant phase current for application in bipolar DC microgrids

AbstractThis paper proposes a new DC–DC bipolar resonance converter that combines a dual‐active‐bridge and a multi‐port resonance Buck‐Boost converter. This structure uses a resonance network between the input and output ports, which has the following advantages: it creates a constant current supply in the open‐loop mode; it keeps the current phase of the output ports constant under different loads; and it allows reversing the power from any output port by adjusting the phase shift of its switches, if the converter is connected to a DC microgrid. In this way, power can be exchanged among each of the output ports and input ports. The advantages of this converter are bidirectional power exchange, power exchange between output ports, soft switching, high efficiency, integration of transformer parasitic elements, and the modular capability to connect multiple resources at the input. Furthermore, the proposed structure of the bipolar converter has been implemented for verification purposes, and its results are presented in three modes: open loop, voltage control, and current control. Additionally, the results of different modes of power sharing and their bidirectionally are shown.

The R package for DICOM to brain imaging data structure conversion

The BIDSconvertR package is the first R-based tool for organizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research data in accordance with the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) specification. Key features are the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) to NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) and NIfTI to BIDS conversion, the implementation of the BIDS Validator and a MRI data viewer to efficiently manage MRI neuroimaging data sets. The BIDSconvertR offers an interactive user dialogue and a graphical user interface. BIDS validation is facilitated by color-coding of the BIDS sequence-IDs. Data cleaning is simplified by the option of using regular expressions. The BIDSconvertR contributes to the growing efforts to improve reproducibility in neuroimaging research by facilitating researchers to share and organize data in a standardized and transparent manner.

A Dual-Ring Control Structure for Enhancing the Fault-Tolerance Ability Under Communication Interruption in MMC

The control structure of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) consists of a central controller and numerous local controllers with complex communication links. However, the communication interruption may lead to MMC operation failure or frequent bypassing of submodules (SMs). Although the fault-tolerance can be improved by adding extra communication link for each local controller in centralized star control structure, it will greatly increase the cost considering the large number of SMs. In this article, a novel dual-ring control structure based on consensus algorithm is proposed to enhance the fault-tolerance ability of MMC to the communication interruption. Compared with the star control structure, control tasks in central controller, such as capacitor voltage control and circulating current control, can be reasonably allocated to all local controllers. Each local controller only needs to communicate with adjacent local controllers to obtain the average value of specified information. Two types of communication interruptions, occurring between central controller and local controller or among local controllers, are analyzed respectively with the corresponding redundancy design implemented. Simulated and experimental results show that proposed control structure greatly enhance the fault-tolerance ability to communication interruption as well as effectively reduces the computational burden of central controller compared with star control structure.

A DPSR and SEM Based Framework to Evaluate High-Quality Development in Chinese Manufacturing Industry

China’s manufacturing industry has emerged as a major contributor to both the nation’s economic growth and global trade. Achieving high-quality development in this sector is not only crucial for China’s sustainable progress but also holds significant implications for the global economy. Considering the importance of Chinese manufacturing industry, this paper establishes a framework for exploring the mechanism of manufacture industry’s high-quality development in China’s three economic regions based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Response (DPSR) model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is established for analyzing the multiple paths of manufacture industry’s high-quality development in the eastern, middle and western economic region of China. The findings reveal distinct patterns in each region. In the eastern region, a unidirectional path of “Driver-Pressure-State-Response” is confirmed, with a particular emphasis on quality improvement and efficiency increase. The middle region exhibits a leapfrog path characterized by “Driver-Pressure-State” and “Pressure-Response,” where quality improvement and dynamic conversion play critical roles. Conversely, the western region demonstrates an interrupt path of “Pressure-State-Response,” highlighting the significance of structural rationalization and dynamic conversion. Based on these results, sustainable solutions and suggestions for promoting high-quality development in the manufacturing industry are proposed, providing valuable targeted insights for the transformation and advancement of China's manufacturing sector. This study makes a novel contribution by developing a DPSR-SEM model and expands literature and knowledge in high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Practically, this study can guide decision-makers, managers, and stakeholders in understanding the interactions between driving forces, pressures, states, and responses in the context of manufacturing industry.

Charge pumping in solar cell structure

Modern understanding of the material science of semiconductor silicon allowed the authors to propose a new concept of the so-called “charge pumping” in the structures of photovoltaic converters or solar cells. This paper presents theoretical estimates of the rate of separation and collection of light-generated charge carriers in the structures of conventional silicon solar cells and charge-pumped solar cells. Relatively cheaper so-called “solar silicon” of p-type conductivity is typically used in the industrial production of solar cells. This type of silicon is particularly prone to the formation of thermodonor centers. Partial or, at higher temperatures (about 400 °C), even complete overcompensation of the hole type of conductivity in the base region may occur as a result of prolonged heating. This paper presents an original model describing the local formation of n+ regions in the solar cell structure by the so-called “local photon annealing”. These regions were named “charge pumps”. Experimental data on the formation of n+ regions as a result of Li diffusion are reported as an experimental confirmation of the theoretical estimations made in this work. Comparative volt-ampere characteristics of experimental charge-pumped photovoltaic converters and conventional solar cells are presented, showing an up to 30% increase in the short-circuit current Js.c for the experimental structures under standard illumination (AM1.5). The proposed technological aspects of charge-pumped photovoltaic converter fabrication deliver a cheap process and can be implemented in the industrial production of solar cells with little effort.