Structured Analysis And Design Technique Research Articles

Особенности построения системы экологического менеджмента организации с учетом вновь введенных национальных стандартов ГОСТ Р ИСО 14006—2022 и ГОСТ Р МЭК 62430—2023

The information on legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of companies in the sphere of environmental management, considering environmental standards in design, has been provided. The relevance and feasibility of application of the system-structural process approach at the stage of development and implementation of the environmental management system, considering the environmental standards in design based on the standards GOST R ISO 14006—2022 and GOST R IEC 62430—2023, have been substantiated. The use of the process approach to the environmental management system development considering environmental standards in design based on the systems approach using the well-known PDCA principle has been methodologically substantiated; the basic issues of its applicability have been considered. A matrix of processes and subprocesses is compiled in accordance with the sections of GOST R ISO 14006 and the process typology as provided by ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3 (company’s management processes; processes of measurement, analysis, and improvement; key processes of resource management); the processes are ranked by their level. A model of the environmental management system has been developed considering environmental standards in design based on the process approach, Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), and IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The main context diagram of the environmental management system considering environmental standards in design in IDEF0 notation is developed. The decomposition of processes and subprocesses of the second and third levels has been completed; all their functional connections are described. The provided process modeling methodology allows reaching positive effect as to minimization of costs and time of the development of the environmental management system model, considering environmental standards in design. It has been demonstrated that the process approach applied to design of the system model of environmental management system considering environmental standards in design enables structuring the composition of processes, precise determining of input and output parameters of processes, participants of processes, resources, and ensuring process control and adjustment.

Implementing innovation in project-based learning in electro-mechanical engineering education

This study investigates the implementation of project-based learning (PBL) in electro-mechanical engineering education, emphasizing the modeling and application of an innovation process to enhance student engagement, motivation, and employability. Initially, the innovation process was systematically modeled using Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) to manage and organize skills, knowledge, and resources effectively. This model was subsequently applied in an educational experience focused on highly technical aspects such as energy conversion modeling, mechanical improvements, material science, and efficiency analysis. These aspects were primarily applied in the context of permanent magnet synchronous machines employed in electric vehicle (EV) axles. The SADT modeling allowed for a clear delineation of the innovation phases, ensuring a structured approach to project execution. Statistical analysis of the PBL approach indicated significant improvements in student performance, with a 25% increase in problem-solving skills and a 30% enhancement in critical thinking abilities. The case study demonstrated that industry-oriented projects significantly boost student satisfaction, particularly in problem definition and solution identification, leading to a more engaging and effective learning experience.

Разработка и внедрение процедуры риск- менеджмента для здоровья работников организации на базе стандарта ГОСТ Р 70675—2023

The information on the legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of companies within the framework of risk assessment for the health of employees has been provided. The relevance and expediency of applying a process approach at the stages of development and implementation of the risk management procedure for the health of employees of a company based on the State Standard GOST R 70675—2023 have been substantiated. The methodological substantiation of the process approach to the development of the risk management procedure for the health of employees based on the systemic approach with the use of the well-known PDCA principles has been provided; the basic issues of its applicability have been considered. A matrix of processes and subprocesses has been compiled in accordance with the ISO process typology (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3), the processes of company management, measurement, analysis, and improvement, as well as key and resource management processes have been demonstrated; the processes have been ranked by levels. A model of development of risk management procedure for the health of employees has been elaborated based on the process approach, the Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), and the IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The main context diagram of the process of the risk management procedure for the health of employees in the IDEF0 notation has been developed. The decomposition of the second and third-level processes has been presented; all their functional links have been described. The suggested methodology of process modeling makes it possible to ensure positive results as to the support, cost-efficiency, and timing of the development of the system model of risk management procedure for the health of employees. It has been demonstrated that the process approach used in the design of the system model of risk management procedure for the health of employees enables to structure of the process composition, to determine precisely the input and output parameters of processes, the participants of processes, the resources, and ensure control and adjustment of processes.

Optimizing cutting fluid usage in cutting processes on CNC machines: A conceptual digital twin model for ecological sustainability

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes has led to the need for optimizing the use of cutting fluids in turning and milling processes. Cutting fluids are commonly used in cutting processes to reduce tool wear and improve cutting performance. However, cutting fluids have a negative impact on environment and human health. This paper proposes a conceptual model of аn information system based on digital twin of the production process. This system will enable monitoring of the manufacturing process and provide a decision support system for helping industrial engineers manage its parameters. The model is represented by using SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique), and it is presented by using one of the most common problems of optimizing cutting fluid usage in cutting processes on CNC machines from an ecological perspective. The proposed model considers various cutting process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut) and cutting environment factors (cutting process temperature) to determine the optimal cutting fluid flow rate. To optimize the usage of cutting fluid, the smart information system acquires, processes, and stores data from cutting process temperature and cutting fluid flow sensors to establish the correlation between process parameters and sensor data, which is then used to develop a model. The proposed model can be integrated with existing CNC machines to reduce environmental impact while maintaining high productivity. This paper provides a promising approach for optimizing cutting fluid usage in CNC machining processes while promoting ecological sustainability.

Риск-ориентированный и процессный подходы — основа актуальной системы управления охраной труда в организации

Information is provided on the legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of organizations in the field of occupational safety. The relevance and expediency of the application of risk-oriented and process approaches at the stage of the development and implementation of the occupational safety management system on the basis of the legislative documents containing mandatory requirements, compliance with which is mandatory in the development of the occupational safety management system. The methodological substantiation of the process approach to the development of an occupational health and safety management system in an organization, based on a systematic approach using the well-known PDCA principle, is given, the basic issues of its applicability are considered. A matrix of processes and sub-processes was compiled in accordance with the typology of processes according to ISO (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3), the organization management processes, the processes of measurement, analysis and improvement, the main processes and processes of resource management are given, the processes are ranked by levels. The model was developed for creating an occupational health and safety management system based on risk-oriented and process approaches, the technique of structural analysis and design SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique), and functional modeling methodology IDEF0. The development was carried out concerning the main context diagram of the process of creating an occupational health and safety management system in the IDEF0 notation. The decomposition of processes of the second and third levels is presented, and all their functional relationships are described. It is demonstrated that the risk-oriented and process approaches used in the design of the occupational health and safety management system make it possible to structure the composition of processes, clearly define the input and output parameters of processes, process participants, resources, and ensure control and adjustment of processes.

Управление знаниями на примере машиностроительного предприятия и вуза

Thе article discusses the problem of knowledge management. Meaning of the role of human resources, organizational management and information technologies in efficiency advancement of modern companies is the reason why active research of the knowledge management problem got started in the second half of 1990s. Main aim of knowledge management is to transform knowledge and experience of employees into company capital. Information technologies today are the main drive for transformation of mo¬dern businesses which is the main factor for the fourth industrial revolution INDUSTRY 4.0. This is why today’s goal model of knowledge-intensive industry enterprises contains task of IT solution creation that handles knowledge management. Aim: creating a metamodel of knowledge management system (KMS) using TOGAF methodology. Developing a KMS architecture for it to be used on industrial enterprise and higher education institution. Research methods used: complex approach and structural analysis of the process of system design using SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) and TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodologies. Results. Developed metamodel of KMS architecture shows application of SADT and TOGAF methodologies on a given subject area in order to create knowledge ma-nagement system of industrial enterprise and higher education institution. Developed functional model describes mechanism of how knowledge is collected and formalized in form of hypertext and productional knowledge bases when conducting collaborative projects and their transfer to industries KMS. Conclusion. Developed productional rules allow integration of organizational and functional structure of enterprise and higher education institution from point of advancing IT efficiency, to create a central intelligent sphere when conducting collaborative projects, to allow knowledge collection at local knowledge management systems and to transfer this knowledge in industry enterprises.

Building Functional Diagram of Cargo Delivery to Describe and Research Processes in Freight Forwarding Company based on the IDEFO Standard (SADT)

This article exposes the prospects of using structured analysis and design technique (SADT), its advantages and capacities for the study of processes in a freight forwarding company to improve the quality system for consigner service provision. We review the modeling of high-capacity container (HCC) transportation by a transport and logistics company using the SADT method and IDEFO notation, as well as the efficiency of using the SADT methodology to describe and research freight forwarding processes that can be confirmed by the list of its key application areas.

Augmenting systems-level implementation of patient-reported outcomes for depression care through the use of structured analysis and design technique.

Health systems increasingly need to implement complex practice changes such as the routine capture of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. Yet, health systems have met challenges when trying to bring practice change to scale across systems at large. While implementation science can guide the evaluation of implementation determinants, teams first need tools to systematically understand and compare workflow activities across practice sites. Structured analysis and design technique (SADT), a system engineering method of workflow modeling, may offer an opportunity to enhance the scalability of implementation evaluation for complex practice change like PROs. We utilized SADT to identify the core workflow activities needed to implement PROs across diverse settings and goals for use, establishing a generalizable PRO workflow diagram. We then used the PRO workflow diagram to guide implementation monitoring and evaluation for a 1-year pilot implementation of the electronic Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (ePHQ). The pilot occurred across multiple clinical settings and for two clinical use cases: depression screening and depression management. SADT identified five activities central to the use of PROs in clinical care: deploying PRO measures, collecting PRO data, tracking PRO completion, reviewing PRO results, and documenting PRO data for future use. During the 1-year pilot, 8,596 patients received the ePHQ for depression screening via the patient portal, of which 1,719 (21%) submitted the ePHQ; 367 patients received the ePHQ for depression management, of which 174 (47%) submitted the ePHQ. We present three case examples of how the SADT PRO workflow diagram augmented implementation monitoring, tailoring, and evaluation activities. Use of a generalizable PRO workflow diagram aided the ability to systematically assess barriers and facilitators to fidelity and identify needed adaptations. The use of SADT offers an opportunity to align systems science and implementation science approaches, augmenting the capacity for health systems to advance system-level implementation. Health systems increasingly need to implement complex practice changes such as the routine capture of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. Yet these system-level changes can be challenging to manage given the variability in practice sites and implementation context across the system at large. We utilized a systems engineering method-structured analysis and design technique-to develop a generalizable diagram of PRO workflow that captures five common workflow activities: deploying PRO measures, collecting PRO data, tracking PRO completion, reviewing PRO results, and documenting PRO data for future use. Next, we used the PRO workflow diagram to guide our implementation of PROs for depression care in multiple clinics. Our experience showed that use of a standard workflow diagram supported our implementation evaluation activities in a systematic way. The use of structured analysis and design technique may enhance future implementation efforts in complex health settings.

Modeling security violation processes in machine learning systems

The widespread use of machine learning, including at critical information infrastructure facilities, entails risks of security threats in the absence of reliable means of protection. The article views the processes in machine learning systems as the ones occurring in information systems susceptible to malicious influences. The results of modeling events leading to a security breach in machine learning systems operating at critical information infrastructure facilities are presented. For modeling, the technology of creating functional models SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) and the IDEF0 (Integration definition for function modeling) methodology were used as a tool for transition from a verbal functional description of the process under study to a description in terms of mathematical representation. In order to study the scenarios of the transition of machine learning systems to a dangerous state and the numerical assessment of the probability of security violation, mathematical modeling of threats was carried out using the logical-probabilistic method. The authors obtained a visual functional model of system security violation in the form of a context diagram of the system and two levels of decomposition. The hazard function of the system is determined and the arithmetic polynomial of the probability function is derived. In further work the described models will allow researchers to develop methods and algorithms for protecting machine learning systems from malicious influences, as well as to apply them in assessing the level of security.

Integrating Quality Tools and Methods to Analyze and Improve a Hospital Sterilization Process.

Healthcare facilities are facing major issues and challenges. Hospitals continuously search approaches to improve operations quality, optimize performance, and minimize costs. Specifically, an efficient hospital sterilization process (HSP) allows reusable medical devices (RMDs) to be more quickly available for healthcare activities. In this context, this paper describes an integrated approach developed to analyze HSP and to identify the most critical improvement actions. This proposed approach integrates four quality tools and techniques. Firstly, a structured analysis and design technique (SADT) methodology is applied to describe HSP as a hierarchy of activities and functions. Secondly, the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method is used as a risk assessment step to determine which activity processes need careful attention. Thirdly, a cause–effect analysis technique is used as a tool to help identify all the possible improvement actions. Finally, priority improvement actions are proposed using the quality function deployment (QFD) method. To validate the proposed approach, a real sterilization process used at the maternity services of Hedi-Cheker Hospital in the governorate of Sfax, Tunisia, was fully studied. For this specific HSP, the proposed approach results showed that the two most critical activities were (1) improving the coordination between the sterilization service and the surgery block and (2) minimizing the average duration of the sterilization process to ensure the availability of RMDs in time.

Разработка и внедрение практико-ориентированной процессной модели системы менеджмента риска на предприятиях горной промышленности

The overview information is provided concerning the state of affairs in the mining industry in the field of industrial safety. It is shown that the multifactorial nature of the occupational risks (industrial, fire, environmental) forms a request for the development of risk monitoring system, as a result, a risk management system at hazardous facilities in accordance with the requirements of the supervisory authorities of the Russian Federation. The urgency and advisability of the application of process approach at the stage of development and implementation of the risk management system in the organizations and industrial enterprises of mining industry based on GOST R ISO 31000—2019 «Risk management. Principles and Guidelines» which establishes the basic approaches required for ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk monitoring system. The analysis is given related to the advantages and opportunities in the implementation of risk management in the organization. Process model of the risk management system in the mining organizations at the stage of development and implementation based on Deming PDCA cycle was built. Graphical map of the risk management system processes was developed and presented which complies with the requirements of GOST R ISO 31000—2019. The process of creating the risk management system using SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) and IDEF0 methodology is shown in the article. The main context diagram of the process of creating the risk management system in IDEF0 notation was developed. The decomposition of the processes of the second and third levels is presented, all their functional links are described. Balance of the developed models is confirmed by the quantitative analysis of subprocess diagrams. It is demonstrated that the process approach used at designing the risk management system allows to structure the composition of processes, clearly define input and output parameters of the processes, process participants, resources, and ensure control and process adjustment.

An innovative approach to the study of the model of a medical institution

The majority of municipal medical institutions are not working effectively enough. Long waiting in the queue to see a doctor is one of the most significant problem of the organization in the field of healthcare. The SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) methodology was used to find out the problems of functioning of the medical center. Functional diagrams of the subject area were constructed, which helped to understand how individual business processes of the organization that need to be optimized are implemented. A simulation model of the medical center "Detstvo+" in the GPSS World programming language has been developed. it is an open Queuing network consisting of 5 large nodes that are Queuing systems, which allows us to imagine the process of functioning of the medical center. The model was optimized according to the efficiency criterion of this system: while maintaining the volume of the incoming flow of applications, the number of rejections is kept to a minimum, while it is necessary to reduce the length of queues for doctor appointments. This model can also be used by institutions with a similar organizational structure to improve their systems and make management decisions.

Industrial property management: sectorial aspect

The necessity to determine the theoretical foundations of the effective management system organization for the creation and implementation of high technologies into the economic activity of domestic enterprises has been substantiated in the paper. The study objective is to formulate the theoretical foundations for the organization of an effective industrial property management system in the economic sector. The comparative characteristics of the industrial property items by their names, the form of legal protection and the classification features defined by the current legislation of Ukraine has been provided. The use of Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) has been proposed in the paper to ensure the organization of the industrial property management process. As a practical implementation of the mechanism of organizational support for the process of industrial property management in the economic sector, the authors of the article have developed a business model for the organization of industrial property management in the economic sector with an in-depth structuring of business processes. The systematization of the industrial property management functions within the developed business model will help to identify the ways to improve the process of creation and sale of industrial property items in the mining industry.

The Design of E-Commerce System in the Shrimp Paste Industry using the Method of Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) to Increase Marketing

The E-Commerce system in the shrimp paste industry is designed to increase the marketing and branding of Payangan shrimp paste. The shrimp paste produced by KUB (Kelompok Usaha Bersama—Business Group) and Poklahsar (Kelompok Pengolah Pemasaran—Marketing Processing Group) consisting of a number of joint household industries is yet to meet the sales number set. Shrimp paste has several variants, such as the processed one, the raw one and one in the form of powder which constitute the result of the development of maritime research group of Universitas Jember. The target market of the product is both national and international, especially for the powder shrimp paste which is the recent innovation of the maritime research group. It is considered to be a possibility to increase the sales figures and to decrease the marketing costs by optimizing the use of the internet. In order to do so, a system should be design using Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) to build an e-commerce application. It is expected that the E-Commerce application can increase the sales of the shrimp paste and reach a wider number of consumers.

Manufacturing system design based on axiomatic design: Case of assembly line

Purpose: In this paper, a combined Production Line Design (PLD) process which includes many design aspects is presented, developped and validated.Design/methodology/approach: The PLD process is based on the SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) diagram and the Axiomatic Design (AD) method.Practical implications: For a purpose of validation, this proposed process has been applied in a manufacturing company and it has been validated by simulation.Findings: The results of the validation indicated that the production line designed by this process is outperformed the initial line of the company.Originality/value: Recently, the problems of production line design (PLD) have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, only a few studies have treated the PLD which includes all design aspects. In this work, a combined PLD porcess is presented. It should be noted that the proposed process is simple and effective.

Proposal of a Modelling of the Innovation Process in an International Manufacturing Company

Nowadays, to cope with the competition, and to ensure the durability of their activities, companies have to be able to innovate. Manufacturing companies operating in a B2B market often perceive innovation as a technological result. However, innovation is often more characterized as a process. The needs of the users, and not only the technology, can achieve innovation. In this context, our paper intends to determine how to involve better the users in the innovation process of an international manufacturing company, which is, according to us, representative of the current manufacturing companies. The aim of our research paper is to help manufacturing companies to manage innovation led by users, and to implement their innovation process so that they will be able to set up specific tools for each action of the process. The study proposes a diagram-based language Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) that is based on the normative guide FD X50-271 of the French national organization for standardization (AFNOR). The SADT model we propose usefully complements this guide, to make the innovation process more understandable, practical and operational, for manufacturing companies, which are often helpless when faced with the subject. A critical analysis of the model we propose completed in a manufacturing company through semi-structured interviews of the innovation team and questionnaire for all the employees shows the application of the model in the company.

Contributions to the Analysis and the Supervision of a Thermal Power Plant

Supervision systems play an important role in industry mainly due to the increasing demand for product quality and high efficiency, and to the growing integration of automatic control systems in technical processes. In fact, the supervision system has a great number of components and interconnections, and it is difficult to describe and understand its behavior. Furthermore, the supervision system in industrial plants, implemented in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software, must undertake, at least, the following three main tasks: monitoring, control and fault tolerance. So it can be classified as a complex system. The objective of this paper is to show interests of the use of functional analysis techniques such as SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) and SA-RT (Structured Analysis Real Time) for the design of supervisory systems. This is why we present a general model of analysis and supervision of production systems. This model was based on the one hand on the functional analysis (FA) and on the other hand on the SCADA system.

Development of a Drilling Machine for an Asymmetric Element with Multiple Holes

The aim of this paper is to develop a drilling machine for 5 holes simultaneously manufactured for an asymmetric element from automotive industry. The function analysis system technique (FAST) and SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) is used to identify, describe and categorize the drilling machine functions in order to propose technical solution. The paper propose an original solution with flat extruded engine for the closest 2 holes to avoid the usage of multispindle head.

Analysis of General Factors for Formation of Engineering and Scientific-and-Technological Staff

The paper is dedicated to analysis of general factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff in the Russian Federation and also to modeling of one of them. In the work there are six objective factors: economic status of country and labour market state, scientific and technical policy, political and legal situation, globalization and international differentiation of labor, financial standing of population, and state of educational system. The analysis of dynamics of number of specialists of higher qualification level in area of natural and technical sciences witnesses increasing attraction of engineers to economy of the country and strengthening of their positions on labour market. In this connection the task of own production development and support of the branches, which are not belong to primary production, appear to be one of the most important for future economic development. Despite acute need of economy for engineering and technical workers, many of them, as researches show, feel socially unprotected. One of the main factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff is the educational system, while one of the main stages is the training in graduate school. To model this process the present work uses the functional modeling methodology that is also known as Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT). As a result of SADT-modeling using four general processes of formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff were distinguished: (1) collaboration with branch research institutes; (2) specialized companies integration; (3) creation of interdepartmental complexes for realization of cross-disciplinary projects; (4) execution of cross-disciplinary projects and making of master's thesis. The goal of the first project is the formation of magistrand’s competences linked to carrying-out of work scientific and research and developmental works. The goal of the second process is the formation of magistrand’s competences linked to competences linked to manufacturing activity of corresponding branch. The third process is aimed at the formation of academic, regulatory and organizational provision and realization of cross-disciplinary projects. The goal of the last process is the execution of cross-disciplinary projects by magistrands and making of master's thesis at the end of training in graduate school. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s3p123

Подход к оценке сложности диаграмм SADT (IDEF0)

SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) methodology and its component IDEF0 is widely used for modeling business processes, software systems, as well as technology and production processes. There is a wide range of CASE-tools to implement SADT methodology. SADT-model construction starts with the presentation of a system as a single unit and arcs representing system interfaces with the environment. It is a so called contextual diagram. Then, this block is decomposed into several blocksjoined by arcs interface. These blocks are the original function subfunctions. Each of the sub-functions if necessary can be decomposed further in a similar manner to achieve the desired granularity. The paper offers a new approach to estimating the complexity of SADT models perception based on functioning features of short-term human memory and transferring data process from short-term memory into long-term. The article considers a model perception factor and a formula to calculate it which allows comparing and optimizing SADT models for a given parameter. The paper contains a perception factor analysis for a homogeneous SADT model (a model with the same number of blocks in all the diagrams). It confirms the known empirical principle: the number of diagram blocks should be in the range 3-6. An analysis of heterogeneous 2-level SADT model has shown that to reduce a perception factor, it is necessary to choose a decomposition strategy so that the number of blocks on the charts decreased when a decomposition level increases. The authors propose to use adaptable fuzzy systems for increasing the accuracy of estimating SADT models perception difficulty. Thus, a theoretical estimate of perception factor should be used as a priori information and experimental data as a training set.