Shaft Structure Research Articles

Strength Calculation Method and Parametric Method of the Turbine Shaft

The working principle of turbodrill is discussed in this paper, through discussing the structural characteristics of the turbine shaft, it is pointed out that the part where minimum axis diameter of the turbine shaft is, the hollow area of the turbine shaft, and the hollow place where is the thread at the bottom of the turbine shaft are the three most dangerous parts. With the structure of the turbine shaft of 195mm turbodrill as an example, the strength calculation methods and calculation results of the three most dangerous parts are given. Through comparative analysis on various advanced international parametric design platform, the SolidWorks is chosen as a basic platform for parameterization, this paper puts forward the parametric method of 195mm turbine shaft and the series design of turbine shaft have been achieved. The strength calculation method and parametric method of the turbine shaft have been developed and used in the series design in Yangtze university of China.

New data on the geological structure of the gas Aral-Kyzylkum shaft

Shaft-like structures that host petroleum deposits were studied within the Epi-Paleozoic plates using seismic methods. This study is very topical, as it revises existing ideas on the geological structure and tectonic position of the Aral-Kyzylkum shaft and presents the author’s 3D model of this structure, which was constructed on the basis of interpretation of 2D seismic data. It was established that tectonic uplift of the Aral-Kyzylkum shaft is an Alpine positive structure, which was initiated above the Early Cimmerian system of grabens in the modern strain field. This revision allowed us to propose a new model of petroleum structures of this type and estimate the possibility of using structural-geological approaches to an analysis of their petroleum potential.

Cooperation of Nectin-1 and Nectin-3 Is Required for Maintenance of Epidermal Stratification and Proper Hair Shaft Formation in the Mouse

Nectins constitute a family of four cell adhesion molecules which are localized on cell membrane. Mutations in NECTIN-1 gene cause the human ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (CLPED1) manifesting severe defects in skin and its appendages. However, nectin-1 null mutant mice have only a mild defect in epidermal stratification suggesting compensation by other nectins. We have analysed the epidermal and hair phenotypes of nectin-1; nectin-3 compound mutants. Epidermis was fragile and displayed severe defects in stratification, hair follicles were hypoplastic, and hair shaft structure was abnormal. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed severe defects in cell-cell junctions including adherens and tight junctions as well as desmosomes. It is therefore likely that the phenotypes were caused by impaired cell adhesion. The expression patterns of nectin-1 and nectin-3 together with the phenotypes in compound mutants indicated that heterophilic interactions between the two nectins are required for proper formation of epidermis and hair in mice. The nectin-1; nectin-3 compound mutant mice partially reproduced the phenotype of human CLPED1 patients.

Research on Vibration Characteristic of Flotation Machine Lower Shaft

According to the lower shaft structure feature of a pneumatic and mechanical agitation flotation machine in the practical application, a finite element model is established on the basis of modality analytical theory of vibration structure. Through analyzing the modality characteristics of the lower shaft, the vibration mode of lower shaft is obtained. Moreover, through analyzing the modal characteristics of the lower shaft in condition of different impellers material and lower hollow shaft wall thickness, the conclusion is obtained that more lighter the impeller’ material is, more great the difference between natural frequencies and vibration excitation frequencies is. Another conclusion is that the lower shaft still do not resonate when the wall thickness of lower shaft thin appropriately. The conclusions of this paper have great theoretical and practical significance of further optimization of the flotation machine lower shaft structure.

Design and Finite-Element Analysis on Double-Circular-Arc Gear of the Turbodrill Reducer

The double-circular-arc gear bearing capacity is the key problems for realizing the low speed and high torque work demands of small-diameter deep-well turbodrill reducer. Double double-arc gear shaft structure is adopted for improving the gear bearing capacity Based on the 2K-H-NGW type planetary gear transmission. Increase modulus and decrease teeth number properly can improve the double-circular-arc gear capacity on the premise of limited radial size. This article analyze the gear bending stress based on ANSYS and simulation results show that stress mainly concentrated on tooth root and tooth waist area and maximum loading is at tooth waist area. The simulation maximum bending stress is 289N/mm2 and the theoretical bending stress is 277.50N/mm2.The two results are basically identical. It is consistent with the actual work situation.

Research on the Ship Electrical Properties of Shaft-Rate Electric Field

In order to reduce the impact of shaft-rate electric field (SRE) on the concealment of the ship, the factors that influence shaft-rate electric field are studied based on the analysis of its energy source. The ship electrical equivalent model is established by analyzing the structure of ship shafts, and on this basis, the electrical properties of the ship shafting is analyzed, laying the theoretical foundation for the study of shaft-rate electric field. It is shown that the bearing contact impedance changing is the important part of the ship shaft structure electricity analysis among the factors and its analysis is the base of research on shaft-rate electric field restrains technology.

Fluent 모형을 이용한 대심도 배수터널 유입부의 통수능력 분석

최근 도심지역의 내수침수로 인한 침수피해를 저감시킬 수 있는 방안으로 대심도 배수터널의 설계 및 시공을 실시하고 있으나, 국내도시유역의 특성을 반영한 설계 및 시공기술에 관한 연구가 부족하다. 특히 유입유량의 흐름형상과 배제효율을 결정하는 낙차공의 중요 구조인 유입부에 대한 연구결과가 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 유입부의 형태 변화에 따른 흐름특성 및 통수능력의 분석 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서 3차원 수치모형인 Fluent 6.3 모형을 이용하여 대심도 배수터널 유입부 형태 변화에 따른 흐름특성을 비교 및 분석하였다. 또한 실험결과와 수치모의 결과를 비교 및 분석하여 유입부의 흐름특성 분석에 Fluent 6.3 모형의 적용성을 확인하였다. 유입부의 형태 변화(소용돌이형, 나선식, 접선식) 및 유입구의 경사 증가에 따른 흐름특성 분석 결과 유량배제효율은 접선식 유입부와 나선식 유입부가 거의 비슷하게 모의되었으나, 접선식 유입부가 나선식 유입부 보다 유입구의 경사 변화에 관계없이 안정적인 유입부의 통수능력을 나타내고 있다. 그러므로 국내 도시유역의 협소한 지하공간을 고려한 대심도 배수터널 유입부로는 접선식 유입부가 적합하다고 판단된다. Recently, the deep underground storm water tunnel for inundation reduction has been designed and constructed in urban areas. However, practical studies considering characteristics of domestic urban areas are insufficient. Especially, flow pattern and drainage capacity of intake structures are influenced by intake types of a drop shaft. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse flow characteristics and discharge capacity of the intake structure with change of intake types. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, Fluent 6.3, was applied to investigate the flow characteristics of the drop shaft structure for various of intake types (scroll, spiral, and tangential). The Fluent model was carefully assessed by comparing simulated results with the experiment, and there was good agreement between them. The numerical simulation was carried out according to change in intake types and inlet slopes. The simulated results were showed that spiral and tangential-inlet were stably drained the rate of inflow into the drop shaft. However, the tangential-inlet was showed steady discharge capacity at intake regardless of variation of inlet slopes compared with the spiral-inlet. Therefore, the tangential-inlet was appropriate as inlet of the deep underground storm water tunnel that be able to install on narrowish underground space of urban areas.

Research of the Assembly Model Based on Parts Attribute Semantic

Aiming at the problems in the modeling of assembly sequence planning, this paper proposes a assembly model based on the semantic and two-dimensional matrix which is easy to calculate and expression. The paper complement the parts attribute semantic and it is used to make the assembly model .So the parts about the attributes of parts assembly can be used in the ASP. Assembly relations including Assembly Precedence Relations (APRs), Contact semantic, Connection and Transmission semantic are transformed into a matrix model. Finally shaft structure is used as a example to represent a competitive advantage of this model.

The Finite Element Analysis of Batching Machine Spindle Based on ANSYS

In this paper a batching machine for rubber production is presented which is widely used in rubber industry.This paper introduced the practical application and mechanical structure of batching machine then it elaborated the rotating component and the importance of shaft structure and parameters for its working qualities and working accuracy. Then it introduced the the spindles static and transient response based on ANSYS. It lays a foundation for optimal design.

Structure meets function: actin filaments and myosin motors in the axon

This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the organization and roles of actin filaments, and associated myosin motor proteins, in regulating the structure and function of the axon shaft. 'Patches' of actin filaments have emerged as a major type of actin filament organization in axons. In the distal axon, patches function as precursors to the formation of filopodia and branches. At the axon initial segment, patches locally capture membranous organelles and contribute to polarized trafficking. The trapping function of patches at the initial segment can be ascribed to interactions with myosin motors, and likely also applies to patches in the more distal axon. Finally, submembranous rings of actin filaments were recently described in axons, which form an actin-spectrin cytoskeleton, likely contributing to the maintenance of axon integrity. Continued investigation into the roles of axonal actin filaments and myosins will shed light on fundamental aspects of the development, adult function and the repair of axons in the nervous system.

Pilus Gene Pool Variation and the Virulence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clinical Isolates during Infection of a Nematode

Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains cause diphtheria in humans. The toxigenic C. diphtheriae isolate NCTC13129 produces three distinct heterotrimeric pili that contain SpaA, SpaD, and SpaH, making up the shaft structure. The SpaA pili are known to mediate bacterial adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells. However, to date little is known about the expression of different pili in various clinical isolates and their importance in bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we characterized a large collection of C. diphtheriae clinical isolates for their pilin gene pool by PCR and for the expression of the respective pilins by immunoblotting with antibodies against Spa pilins. Consistent with the role of a virulence factor, the SpaA-type pili were found to be prevalent among the isolates, and most significantly, corynebacterial adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells was strictly correlated with isolates that were positive for the SpaA pili. By comparison, the isolates were heterogeneous for the presence of SpaD- and SpaH-type pili. Importantly, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host for infection, we show here that strain NCTC13129 rapidly killed the nematodes, the phenotype similar to isolates that were positive for toxin and all pilus types. In contrast, isogenic mutants of NCTC13129 lacking SpaA-type pili or devoid of toxin and SpaA pili exhibited delayed killing of nematodes with similar kinetics. Consistently, nontoxigenic or toxigenic isolates that lack one, two, or all three pilus types were also attenuated in virulence. This work signifies the important role of pili in corynebacterial pathogenesis and provides a simple host model to identify additional virulence factors.

Study on the Failure Mode and Control Method of Supercharger Impeller Shaft

Off axis refers to the use of the process of the turbocharger impeller rotor shaft fracture. It is the main failure mode of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the irreversible phenomenon. When the impeller rotor shaft fracture, the turbocharger immediately stop the work, the overall maintenance program so can not enter the turbocharger turbocharger scrapped. The reason of the broken shaft is mainly in the following aspects: The first is the local stress concentration on the structural design of the shaft; The second is the composition of Turbine material; The third is that the processing residues chip caused impeller stuck. We can through the following means to solve the above cis title. The first, we can solve the problem of broken shaft impeller shaft by improved design of the shaft structure and process, enhance surface strength, reduce stress concentration. The second, we can enhance the material composition and the mechanical strength of the casting of the impeller through the control of the manufacturing process and assembly process improvements. The third, in the process, in strict accordance with the design requirements, parts processing must be cleaned

Removal Method of Core Shaft of Primary Mirror

The structure of core shaft combined with mercury belt is widely used as the primary mirror supporting structure of 1 meter class and 2 meter class large aperture telescope currently. In order to reduce the structure jitter of primary mirror, the fitting clearance between core shaft and shaft sleeve is very small, so clamping stagnation occurs during installation and disassembling process of core shaft. The removal method of clamping stagnation of core shaft is introduced. Mechanical analysis of core shaft and primary mirror is applied to make sure that the primary mirror is safe. Some tools are designed specially, and the process and the attention points to remove core shaft are introduced. In this way, the clamping stagnation of core shaft can be removed easily. The core shaft of 1 m class primary mirror was removed by the method and the primary mirror was excellent without damage.

Procedure for welding of rudder shaft structure during ship repair

The main technological issues connected with welding of a clutch plate to a rudderstock shaft during ship repair are discussed. With the use of a real example, the detailed welding procedure together with formal requirements and quality assurance procedure are presented.

Mutations with Hair Shape Phenotypes Abnormalities—The Morphogenetic Waves and Related Diseases

Hair morphology is one of the most conspicuous features of human variation. The hair follicle has attracted significant attention as a model for the investigation of diverse biological problems. Whereas, very little is known about the genes influencing the morphology and structure of the hair shaft. Curly hair is very common character of hair phenotypes of human, while most congenital curl occurs owing to genetic factors and some are closely related with genetic diseases. This review highlights current related genes reported affecting hair curliness and human diseases which are due to gene mutations.

Hair cosmetics

The hair cosmetic industry has undergone a revolutionary change over the last two decades. The focus has dramatically veered from merely cleaning to repair, increasing the tensile strength, reducing oxidative damage, and stimulating growth. Newer shorter procedures to make hair look naturally more lustrous, smooth, and manageable have evolved. Specialized grooming products have been formulated to cleanse, calm, and condition the hair, and are tailored for different hair-types, for example, dry, dry-damaged, oily, colored, and gray hair. Other products are formulated to alter the color or structure of the hair shaft, for example, hair dyes, perming/relaxing. Hair sprays and waxes/gels, can alter the 'lift' of the hair-shaft. Although dermatologists are experts in managing scalp and hair diseases, the esthetic applications of newer cosmetic therapies still remain elusive. This article attempts to fill the lacunae in our knowledge of hair cosmetics and esthetic procedures relevant in today's rapidly changing beauty-enhancing industry, with special emphasis on the Indian scenario for chemical and 'natural' hair products.

The Solution to the Safety Factor of Vertical Shaft Enclosure with One-Side Elevation Angle Based on FLAC3D

The enclosure structure of the vertical shaft of subway engineering is generally vertical, and perpendicular to the plane. Due to the effects of the geological condition, the construction condition and the supporting method, the shaft reflects similar deformation characteristics to the enclosure structure of foundation pit. Generally, the enclosure structure deformation can be decomposed into three types, namely the forward rotation, reverse rotation and deflection. When the vertical shaft enclosure structure produces a forward rotation with a lesser degree, it can still be used for positive angle slope processing, which enables us to calculate the safety factor of one side with positive angle enclosure structure in the same way with the slope of foundation pit. Taking the shield-receiving shaft of Dalian Jiaotong university station, Dalian metro No.2, Section 201 as an example, it is the geological conditions and supporting structure that contribute to build the enclosure structure with one-side elevation angle. Based on the above method and taking the geological, construction and supporting conditions into account, FLAC3D is used to build the model, and carry out the solution on safety factor of the enclosure structure with positive angle. The results indicate that under the existing conditions, the enclosure structure safety factor for our example is more than 1.

Analysis and Control of Vibration Generated by High-Speed Spindle System

High speed motorized spindle plays an important role in high speed grinding. However, for high-speed machining, the spindle system usually generates excessive vibration due to the high speed and large mass. The vibration transfers to the bed of grinding machine and affects the precision of machining. To analyze and control the vibration generated by the spindle system, this paper develops a dynamic model for the high-speed spindle system, and further analyzes the eccentricity and the mass of the spindle system which affects the amplitude of the vibration of the bed by producing the impulse. Based on the result of analysis, the vibration is finally controlled by modifying the structure of the shaft. After optimization, the amplitude of the vibration of the bed of reduces significantly to 0.046um, which was 0.056um before. In addition the eccentricity of the spindle is decrease by 0.1um.

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Spindle of Planer Drilling Machine Based on ANSYS

This paper elaborated the practical application of NC Planer Drilling Machine and the important consequence of main shaft structure to working qualities and working accuracy. Then it introduced the design proposal for the spindle structure of drilling machine. The static analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were done by using ANSYS. It lays a foundation for optimal design and remanufacturing.

Finite Element Analysis of Multi-Ropes Friction Hoister Main Shaft

Three-dimensional model of the main shaft of JKM4×4 hoister was built based on Pro/E. After having applied boundary conditions and loads to the model, the finite element analysis for the main shaft was conducted under extreme operation conditions with ANSYS, the stress and displacement distribution was presented and the stress biggest hazard points were found. Based on the analysis results, improvement methods for the main shaft structure design was given out, which provides references for further optimal designing the main shaft of hoister.