Organizational Structure Research Articles

Indicator dynamics of the “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases” regional program aimed at reducing mortality from acute coronary syndrome

Aim. To analyze the dynamics of the application of medical and organizational technologies for achieving the target reduction of mortality from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the region. Materials and methods. In 2018, the research covered 1 regional vascular center (RVC), 8 primary vascular departments (PVD), and 41 medical organizations (MO). In 2022, the structure of medical organizations changed to include 3 RSCs, 9 PSOs, and 39 MOs. The indicators characterizing the provision of medical care to ACS patients in the Irkutsk region were calculated and analyzed. The presence, direction, and strength of correlation between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of medical and organizational activities was studied using linear correlation analysis by the Pearson method. Results. Over time, the share of hospitalization of patients with ACS in the early stages up to 12 hours increased from 42.1% to 46.5%. The mortality rate from ACS decreased by 20.4%, primarily due to a decrease in mortality in the first 24 hours (by 28.7%). The key medical and organizational technologies that have the greatest impact on mortality rates were identified. A strong relationship (r = -0.729) was established between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of patients transferred to the regional vascular center for emergency coronoplasty; two medium-level relationships (r = -0.343) were found between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of hospitalized patients with ACS in the first 12 hours; a correlation (r = -0.415) was determined between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of hospitalized patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy. The linear regression method showed that the availability of such procedures as emergency coronoplasty and thrombolytic therapy has prognostic significance for further reduction of the expected number of deaths from ACS in the region. Conclusion. The creation of the RVC and PVD infrastructure in the region allowed the major indicators of the “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases” regional program to be achieved.

Efektivitas E-ABK: Analisis Beban Kerja di Dinas Pendidikan Kota Surabaya

This research examines the effectiveness of E-ABK (Workload Analysis) in the Surabaya City Education Office. The aim of this research is: To find out how effective E-ABK is in the Surabaya City Education Office. The research method in this study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research. This research wants to discuss the effectiveness of E-ABK (Workload Analysis) in the Surabaya City Education Office which consists of 5 indicators, namely Efficiency, Adequacy, Evenness, Responsiveness and Accuracy. This research uses primary data collection techniques in the form of observation, documentation and interviews, while secondary data uses the results of previous research with different loci. The research results show that the use of E-ABK (Workload Analysis) is in accordance with 5 indicators, namely Efficiency: Based on the data sources obtained, it is very supportive in assisting the process of filling in crew members. ASN employee resources that support the implementation of E-ABK can be said to be efficient if all ASN are able to understand the filling flow and complete it on time. ; Adequacy: The organization of regional apparatus in the Education Service has been carried out in accordance with the applicable mechanism, namely an analysis of workload on the organizational structure. The policy for structuring regional apparatus organizations in the Education Department has met the adequacy criteria. This can be seen from the fact that the organizational structuring policies implemented have met the needs of the city government organization itself. ; Alignment: By equalizing the workload, you can create a fairer and more equitable work environment where all employees can give their best. ; Responsiveness: Increasing responsiveness can increase efficiency, reduce waiting time, increase customer satisfaction, and increase employee morale. ; and Accuracy: The accuracy of the number of employees needed in the Surabaya City Education Department can be seen through the existing number which will later be determined and matched between the existing E-ABK and the existing number of employees currently. The implementation of E-ABK (Workload Analysis) for Employees at the Surabaya City Education Office has been going smoothly. Even though the infrastructure and human resources are available and sufficient, there are still some employees who still do not fully understand how to fill out E-ABK. To increase employee competency, regular outreach and training regarding the use of E-ABK is needed.

Implementasi Program Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Siap Membantu dalam Mengatasi Pengaduan Masyarakat

Public services in the government bureaucracy are an indicator of a country's progress. One concrete form of public service is health service, because good health service will improve the welfare of the people in a country. The BPJS SATU (BPJS Ready to Help) program is one of the innovations carried out by BPJS Health to make it easier for participants to get community complaint services at hospitals. In its implementation, the problems related to BPJS services are that there are still many people who do not know the health insurance procedures for health facilities, then there are still concerns from hospitals that BPJS will not pay patient arrears, and there are doubts about the security of the BPJS participant data system. So this research aims to examine further the implementation of BPJS SATU (Ready to Help) services in dealing with public complaints at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya City. The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method with the focus of the research here being based on indicators of success in implementing the Edward III program, including communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The results of research on communication focus show that communication has been created that creates inclusive services and focuses on achieving the goals of program implementation. The resource focus shows that this program has quality human resources and a supporting system within it. The disposition focus shows that BPJS Health is strongly committed to improving the quality of complaint handling in the BPJS SATU program. The focus on organizational structure has been running well as evidenced by the available procedures that can be carried out by participants and implementing officers.

Educational leadership styles and practices perceived by academics: An exploratory study of selected Chinese universities

Universities have faced enormous challenges in China, requiring educational leaders to meet the demands of change. The purpose of this study is to explore academic members’ descriptions of their personal educational leadership styles, leadership practices, the influence of organizational structure features on educational leadership practices, and to examine the effect of educational leadership practice on teaching and learning at selected Chinese universities. Through qualitative research design, we inquired about the views of 15 academic members from nine Chinese universities. A content analysis method by MAXQDA2022 is used in this study. The findings provide a comprehensive picture of educational leadership styles, practices, and the perceived effects of educational leadership practices on teaching and learning in the context of selected Chinese universities. The results can be helpful for educational leaders in optimizing educational leadership practices to improve teaching and learning at higher education institutions.

Principals in Preschool Management and Leadership: A Necessary Combination to Ensure That Preschool Teachers Are Given Conditions to Be Responsible for Teaching in Preschool

Following the educational reforms of 2010 and the revision of the curriculum in 2018, Swedish preschool principals have a special responsibility for ensuring that preschool teachers have the necessary conditions to assume their responsibility for the teaching and to lead the work team. This indicates that integrating leadership with management is essential for a sustainable and successful preschool education. This study explores this assumption. Building on the concepts of management and leadership, with a qualitative research design, this study analyses data from seven interviews with preschool principals. The results showed a lack of a combination of management and leadership among the principals in relation to their special responsibility of ensuring that preschool teachers are given conditions necessary to be responsible for teaching in the preschool. The principals either lacked both management and leadership or focused on management only with a lack of leadership. Our findings suggest the necessity for principals to combine management and leadership and move from a previous flat organisational structure towards a focus on increasing preschool teachers’ responsibilities and leadership within the work team. Support for principals is needed to be able to perform a combination of management and leadership when their mission is complex and time-consuming.

Organizational Factors Driving the Realization of Digital Health Transformation Benefits from Health Service Managers: A Qualitative Study.

Healthcare is experiencing a global period of profound transformation, and digital health shows the promise of dispensing innovative and contemporary service models. However, changes are required to improve the capabilities of health managers in driving successful digital transformation. This paper aims to explore the organizational barriers that health service managers have encountered when realizing the benefits of a digitally transforming environment. This is part of a larger research study exploring digital competencies for health service managers, with the findings from focus group discussions providing a baseline from which to address the organizational improvements and changes in system capabilities required to assist in realizing the benefits of digital health transformation. The study is qualitative in nature. It employs focus group discussions to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences and views of health service managers and identify the benefits and barriers that managers have experienced in introducing digital health in their workplace. Barriers encountered in realizing digital health benefits in the workplace were evidenced across five major themes: (1) change resistance and usage, (2) trust and uniformity, (3) resourcing and procurement, (4) digital literacy, and (5) siloed systems. Findings from this study demonstrate that in driving the realization of digital health transformation benefits, health service managers need organizational and system-wide efforts to support managing in the digital health context. The key identified barriers experienced by health service managers include facing human and technical challenges with system adoption and the governance of data-driven decision-making in the digital context. The importance of digital transformation in healthcare is evident and will increasingly become a necessity for organizational survival and success. This study adds important insights into the organizational barriers that health service managers have encountered when realizing the benefits resulting from digital transformation. Addressing these barriers requires macro-, meso- and micro-level system investments. These benefits are enhanced by enabling factors critical for digital health adoption that have been described in key categories involving health system related: (1) policy and system, (2) organizational structure and processes, and human resource management, and (3) people factors. The importance of ensuring the organizational factors driving the realization of benefits in a digitally transforming environment is also addressed and capitalized upon for health service managers.

Spatial transcriptomic landscape unveils immunoglobin-associated senescence as a hallmark of aging.

To systematically characterize the loss of tissue integrity and organ dysfunction resulting from aging, we produced an in-depth spatial transcriptomic profile of nine tissues in male mice during aging. We showed that senescence-sensitive spots (SSSs) colocalized with elevated entropy in organizational structure and that the aggregation of immunoglobulin-expressing cells is a characteristic feature of the microenvironment surrounding SSSs. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulated across the aged tissues in both male and female mice, and a similar phenomenon was observed in human tissues, suggesting the potential of the abnormal elevation of immunoglobulins as an evolutionarily conserved feature in aging. Furthermore, we observed that IgG could induce a pro-senescent state in macrophages and microglia, thereby exacerbating tissue aging, and that targeted reduction of IgG mitigated aging across various tissues in male mice. This study provides a high-resolution spatial depiction of aging and indicates the pivotal role of immunoglobulin-associated senescence during the aging process.

Hospital Medicare Spending per Beneficiary: A Longitudinal Study

SUMMARY Goal While studies have examined quality and health outcomes related to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS’s) Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) Program, a significant gap exists in the literature regarding the relationship between pay-for-performance initiatives and hospital financial performance in the program’s Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain. This study examined the association between hospitals’ cost inefficiency and participation in the HVBP Program by estimating the probability and magnitude of improvement or achievement in the program’s Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain. Methods The 2014–2019 Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain data were obtained from CMS and merged with the American Hospital Association’s Annual Survey Database. We conducted a zero-inflated negative binomial regression to account for the excessive number of zeros in the data. Principal Findings The negative binomial component of the model assessed the magnitude of the impact on the Efficiency and Cost Reduction improvement from each covariate, while the zero-inflated component assessed the odds of being in the “certain-zero” group, meaning no chance to improve or achieve. Hospital ownership, location, size, safety-net status, percentage of Medicare patients, and the number of registered nurses per bed were statistically significant. Additionally, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and teaching status significantly influenced efficiency performance. Practical Applications Changes in hospital performance in this domain exist and have evolved. Hospitals might be at a disadvantage with this performance measure because of their inherent organizational structure. The HVBP Program may not provide clear enough direction or actionable incentive to address the needs of stakeholders influenced primarily by measures of Medicare spending per beneficiary. This study’s findings hold practical value for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and researchers. Policymakers can use this information to tailor future pay-for-performance programs and effectively allocate resources. Healthcare administrators can identify areas for improvement and benchmark their performance against similar institutions. Researchers can explore the program’s long-term sustainability and investigate cost drivers within different hospital groups. By understanding the link between hospital characteristics and cost reduction, all stakeholders can contribute to a more efficient healthcare system.

Competition and organizational structure co-optimization of OEMs in a product-service supply chain

Smart Connected Products (SCPs) and Digital Services (DSs) play pivotal roles in facilitating the digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry. In the context of the service-oriented transformation of manufacturing, SCPs are sold by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) via a retailer, whereas DSs are either provided directly by OEMs or indirectly through the retailer, thereby forming a product-service supply chain. This paper constructs a three-stage dynamic game model and analyzes two DS strategies, i.e., integrated and separated DS strategies, for competing OEMs by integrating and separating manufacturing and DS departments. These strategies encompass four scenarios: both OEMs integrate them, both separate them, and one OEM integrates while the other separates them. We analyze the equilibrium DS levels, the prices of SCPs and DSs, demands, and profits in four scenarios, and explore the service and pricing decisions of supply chain members at equilibrium.The results indicate that OEMs can achieve higher profitability by separating manufacturing and DS departments as competition intensity increases within a certain range. Secondly, when both OEMs adopt the same strategy, integration of departments is more profitable if competition is low, whereas separation yields higher profits when competition is intense. Interestingly, two Nash equilibria emerge: an OEM achieves the highest profit by adopting an integrated DS strategy in an asymmetric scenario when competition is weak and digital R&D is challenging. Conversely, both OEMs can reach a Nash equilibrium by separating their departments when competition is intense and digital R&D is relatively simple. Thirdly, from the perspective of the retailer and the entire supply chain, integrating manufacturing-service at both OEMs provides the highest return when competition is low. However, under intense competition, the highest profits are achieved when OEMs adopt different DS strategies. Finally, in a highly competitive market without a retailer, an asymmetric scenario proves most profitable when digital R&D investment is low, whereas separating manufacturing-service yields the highest profits when digital R&D investment is high.

Manajemen Laboratorium IPA di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 02 Lombok Timur

A vital component of teaching science is laboratory administration, which is the endeavor to oversee a laboratory and learning activities. Science laboratory management is related to the managers and users of laboratory facilities and practical activities carried out in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine how planning, organizing resources and assets, implementation, supervision, and impacts arise in the management of science laboratories at MTs.N 02 East Lombok. In this study, documentation, observation, and interviews are the methods used to collect data. The results of the study are that the planning stage is quite good, the existence of short-term, medium-term, and long-term programs evidences this. Short-term programs are planned to be completed within a day, a week, or even a month. At the same time, the medium term is planned to be completed during a quarter to a semester. The Organizational Stage is the management of resources, tools, and materials available in the science laboratory. An organizational structure for managing science laboratories has been formed for the organization of resources. The Implementation Stage is the operational stage of the plan that has been scheduled. This stage is very urgent because it determines the success of achieving goals. Related to the implementation stage, the science laboratory manager at MTs. N. 02 East Lombok has done many things such as inventorying available tools and materials, making regulations, and utilization schedules that are synchronized with the madrasah program. The supervision stage functions as a controller and evaluator of the success of the implementation of laboratory management as a whole. The impacts that arise from laboratory management have been implemented well at MTs. N. 02 East Lombok.

Comparative Study of an Energy Information System and Energy Management System According to ISO 50001

Energy management, especially in communities, is attracting growing interest but is often marred by confusion between the terms “energy information system” (EIS) and “energy management system” (EMS). This ambiguity hinders understanding of their uses and roles in improving energy performance. Our objective is to clarify these terms and their contributions to energy management. We used a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach to evaluate and compare the criteria of definition, objective, functionality, and role, as well as correlated elements, such as organizational structure, responsibilities, planning, and policy, according to the requirements of ISO 50001, in addition to criteria specific to the two systems. The study revealed differences in the roles of the EIS and the EMS, with a complementarity of 40% between the two systems depending on the positioning of the EIS in relation to the elements of the EMS process. The EIS plays a crucial role in facilitating the implementation of the EMS according to ISO 50001. This clarification contributes to a better understanding of the respective roles of these systems in energy management, thus helping communities to improve their energy performance in an effective manner.

FINANCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HR ENGINEERING IN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COUNTRY'S DIGITAL ECONOMY FORMATION

The article is devoted to the study of possible prospects for financing the implementation of HR engineering at manufacturing enterprises in the conditions of the formation of a digital economy. In the process of research, the authors considered the possibilities of implementing HR engineering at production enterprises and focused attention on the main directions of implementation. The principles of financing enterprises that implement changes and transform are revealed. Approaches and strategies aimed at optimizing human capital management in the company are proposed. The authors noted the following main tools of HR engineering for the development and improvement of HR processes, which are key to building effective human capital management strategies in the organization and require funding: organizational management structure, strategic maps, creation of a portrait of personnel competencies, modelling of the human resources management process resources, development of a goal tree, increased flexibility of HR management processes, implementation of a balanced system of indicators. The authors' comprehensive analysis of the implementation of digital HR solutions by manufacturing enterprises in previous years made it possible to identify the most important obstacles to the successful implementation and financing of innovations and digital solutions, the main of which are: insufficient financial resources for the implementation of innovative projects; lack of sufficient financial assistance and stimulation from the state; large financial costs associated with changes in the infrastructure and introduction of new technologies; low interest of investors, which may limit access to external sources of financing; some innovations may require a long payback period, which becomes a challenge for companies; high interest rates on loans can make it difficult to finance innovative projects. Considering these financial factors, it is important to develop comprehensive strategies and tools to overcome obstacles and stimulate the innovative and digital development of manufacturing enterprises.

Implementation of Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals by Emergency Department Nurses

Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the preparedness of emergency room nurses in handling disasters in hospitals. Method: This study employs a qualitative research design, utilizing a single case study that focuses on the implementation of disaster preparedness by emergency room nurses in hospitals. The subjects of this case study are two nurses who meet the inclusion criteria: they have attended disaster preparedness training, work as emergency room nurses, have been part of the hospital disaster team for at least five years, and are considered reliable and competent sources of data related to the research objective. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants, and data was collected through in-depth interviews guided by an interview protocol. Results: Four themes were identified: disaster preparedness, the organizational structure of disaster management functions and tasks, patient grouping, and the communication of clear, effective information along with coordination among medical personnel. Conclusion: The study found that implementing preparedness among emergency room nurses in disaster management is crucial to ensure a prompt and effective response in emergency situations.

A Study on the Organizational Structure of Busan Water Police Station in Modern era

A Study on the Organizational Structure of Busan Water Police Station in Modern era

Exploring Inpatient Unit Nurses’ Experience with Emergency Department Crowding, Access and Flow, and Associated Patient Outcomes

Background: Emergency department crowding and hospital access and flow are complex and long standing issues that negatively impact healthcare delivery. This study aims to address these issues through the perspectives of inpatient unit nurses. Strategies to alleviate ED crowding are supported by research exploring ED staff perspectives; however, a paucity of research exists addressing the perceptions of inpatient unit nurses and other key stakeholders. Methods: The research aims were addressed using qualitative method. Semi-structured virtual interviews were completed with eleven inpatient unit registered nurses from two hospital sites. A 17-question interview tool facilitated the collection of data. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data analysis. Inpatient unit nurses identified ED crowding, hospital access and flow, and site congestion as key areas of concern. In addition, the influence of understaffing was viewed as a contributor to ED crowding, resulting in negative outcomes for patient care. Conclusion: This study is the initial step to understanding different experiences, perceptions and knowledge on emergency department crowding and access and flow processes. Further research exploring diverse viewpoints on this topic is necessary given the interconnected organizational structure of healthcare today and how key stakeholders, outside of the emergency department, strongly influence access block and ED outflow.

Individual learning ambidexterity behavior and individual job performance in services: the role of organizational structure

AbstractThis study analyzed the impact of individual learning ambidexterity on individual job performance and tested the moderating effects of the organizational structure, represented in this research by formalization, decentralization, and structural differentiation. Despite the importance of individual learning ambidexterity, there is a limited understanding of how employees’ explorative and exploitative learning behaviors affect their individual job performance. The study expands the research by confirming the relevance of individual learning ambidexterity for individual performance for non-managerial employees; an understudied research setting for individual ambidexterity. We demonstrate that individual learning ambidexterity is positively correlated with individual job performance. We also provide evidence that formalization, decentralization, and structural differentiation moderate the effects of individual learning ambidexterity on individual job performance. The empirical context for the research was non-managerial employees from the Romanian IT services industry. Prior research has shown that ambidexterity is important in the IT industry, making it an adequate setting to analyze the effects of individual learning ambidexterity on individual job performance. By using polynomial regressions on a sample consisting of 342 employees, we were able to analyze four research hypotheses. This study demonstrates the moderating mechanism of organizational setting in the improvement of individual job performance in relation to individual learning ambidexterity. Taken as a whole, our findings provide new insights into how and under which organizational conditions the individual-level explorative and exploitative learning behaviors affect individual job performance.

Key Indicators in Analyzing the Sustainability of Afghanistan's Natural Resources

The research investigates the factors influencing the sustainability of Afghanistan's natural resources, aiming to guide the country towards sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and strategic planning models, the study identifies and prioritizes key factors such as organizational structure and management, and economic, social, cultural, and ecological aspects. The findings reveal that organizational and managerial structure is the most critical factor, with a weight of 38%. The research emphasizes the necessity of integrated and systematic management of natural resources, which could improve economic and social well-being. It also highlights the importance of strategic planning, monitoring, and evaluation to ensure effective resource management. The study proposes a model for sustainable natural resource management that includes community empowerment, knowledge integration, economic viability, and enhanced communication among stakeholders. The research concludes that a comprehensive understanding of all influencing factors and their interactions is essential for designing a model for sustainable natural resource management.

One faith for different realities: accounting and management practices of Benedictine monasteries

Purpose This paper aims to explore how the accounting and management practices of monastic institutions were shaped by their surrounding social, political, geographical and economic environments, as well as religious ideologies, during critical historical periods. Design/methodology/approach By applying institutional theory and the comparative international accounting history perspective, this study conducts a comparative analysis of archival records from two monasteries, examining how their accounting and managerial practices were influenced by differing institutional logics. The research relies on systematic archival data collection, complemented by secondary sources, to analyze how religious beliefs shaped the accounting and management practices of these institutions and the degree of convergence between the two. Findings This study found that both monasteries adapted their accounting and management practices to their external environments. San Placido demonstrated resilience amidst disruptions such as wars and earthquakes, while Silos showed financial sophistication through diverse income streams. The resilience of these institutions was driven by their ability to align internal operations with external political, economic and social factors. This adaptability, coupled with strategic management, enhanced their capacity to maintain financial stability, illustrating the direct link between external changes, organizational resilience and improved financial health. Research limitations/implications This study highlights the historical interplay between religious principles and accounting management practices in Benedictine monasteries by comparing two monasteries. It reveals how external environments shape internal operations, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of these institutions in maintaining financial sustainability through the alignment of external pressures with internal resilience mechanisms, which in turn bolster their financial health. Originality/value This research contributes valuable insights to historical managerial and accounting literature, shedding light on the financial resilience and strategies used by Benedictine monasteries. It underscores the enduring respectful legacy of their accounting practices and the unique interplay between spiritual devotion and organizational structure within these institutions.

Development and Analysis of Apple Inc.

This essay analyses and discusses the prospects of Apple Inc. in four main areas: organizational structure, managerial responsibility and agency conflicts, portfolio theory and the CAPM model, and valuation using net present value. Finally, through these four aspects of analysis, it can be concluded that Apple Inc. has good growth prospects, so it can be considered to invest in the company. However, it is also important to note that the technology industry is extremely competitive, so it is important to keep an eye on Apple’s ability to keep innovating and optimizing.

Social Movements and Environmental Activism: Interactive Mechanisms of Leadership, Organization and Resource Mobilization

The paper focuses on the interactive relationship between leadership, organizational structure, and resource mobilization in environmental protection activities, revealing their pivotal roles. Leadership, as the core driving force, guides the vision of environmental conservation and unleashes the potential of the team. The organizational system serves as the cornerstone for efficient operation, ensuring clear responsibilities, information flow, and resource sharing while fostering team and cultural development. Resource mobilization provides the material foundation for activities, enhancing their momentum and effectiveness through diversified funding and efficient allocation. These three elements are tightly interconnected, forming a synergistic effect that boosts the efficiency and sustainability of environmental protection activities. Strengthening leadership, optimizing organizations, and expanding resource channels are the crucial pathways to constructing an efficient environmental protection mobilization mechanism, holding profound significance for the cause of environmental protection.