Motivational Structure Research Articles

Creativity and tradition: Music and bifocal stance theory.

We argue that music can serve as a time-sensitive lens into the interplay between instrumental and ritual stances in cultural evolution. Over various timescales, music can switch between pursuing an end goal or not, and between presenting a causal opacity that is resolvable, or not. With these fluctuations come changes in the motivational structures that drive innovation versus copying.

ПСИХОСЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ МОТИВАЦИОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО СУБЪЕКТА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

The pandemic has brought humans fear for themselves and their loved ones, and frustration because of changes in habitual behavior. All this led to emotional dynamics and, therefore, to changes in the motivational structure not only randomly at the individual level, but also systematically at the group level. We have developed two attribu-tive psychosemantic techniques that we used to construct operational models of motivational space based on ac-tions and judgments actual at the time of the pandemic. In two studies conducted in Moscow and Tashkent, we aimed to identify and study the motivational features of behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1) In Tash-kent, the motivational space was constructed using the methodology of attribution of motives to beliefs about COVID-19. The study involved 76 respondents (38 men and 38 women) between the ages of 20 and 33 (M = 23,8, SD = 3,4). 2) The method of attribution of motives to behavior was applied in Moscow. We surveyed 112 respondents (74 females and 38 males), aged 15 to 72 years (M = 33.2, SD = 15.2). In both studies, we used a snowball sampling technique (research participants asked their acquaintances to be surveyed). The data were ana-lyzed using factor analysis. In both cases, the Safety motive was extracted as the first factor, followed by the mo-tives of Strengthening social relations and Self-Determination. The fourth factor differed: in the Tashkent sample, the motive of Distrust was extracted, and in the Moscow one, Conformism. We interpreted the results in the framework of the self-determination theory of E. Desi and R. Ryan and the motivation theory of A. Maslow

ЦЕННОСТНО-МОТИВАЦИОННЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ В СТРУКТУРЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ БУДУЩИХ ПСИХОЛОГОВ

The paper addresses the identification and description of the structure of professional orientation for future psychologists studying at correspondence and full-time departments for baccalaureate/master’s degree, as well as the determination of the value and motivation components in it. The research aims to examine the value and motivation components in the structure of the professional orientation of future psychologists for different courses, forms and levels of professional education. Materials and methods. The research employs the method of “Motivation for learning at university” by T.I. Ilyin, the method of “Motivation of professional activity” by K. Zamfir, the method of diagnosing value orientations by S. Schwartz, the method of “Career Anchors” by E. Shein, and methods of mathematical-statistical processing and interpretation of data. Research results. An empirical study of the professional orientation of future psychologists enrolled on different courses and choosing various forms of education has revealed the specific features of the value and motivation components in the structure of professional orientation, and indicated that the identified hierarchy of motives is a personality characteristic of a student majoring in Psychology. Conclusion. This empirical research has made it possible to formulate a conclusion about the significance of the value and motivation components in the structure of the professional orientation of the personality of future psychologists, as well as the importance of the educational process organization, in which professional motives dominate in the student’s motivational structure. Prospects for further research are associated with an identification of the relationship between the value-motivation components of the professional orientation of future psychologists and their employment.

Особенности учебной мотивации и эмоционального отношения к учению обучающихся 4-х классов (на примере традиционного и развивающего обучения)

The article presents the results of a study of educational motivation and emotional experiences of junior schoolchildren studying in different didactic systems (N=54). It was revealed what motives are leading among students of the 4th grade and whether there are differences in the emotional attitude to learning between children studying in different educational programs. The research used the following methods: observation of the teacher and students in the classroom, conversation with students, M.V. Matyukhina "Diagnostics of the structure of educational motivation of a schoolchild", Methodology for diagnosing motivation for learning and emotional attitude to learning (A.D. Andreeva). It was revealed that for fourth-graders, regardless of the educational program, one of the leading motives is the motive of self-improvement and self-education. For students according to the Elkonin–Davydov system, educational and cognitive motives are also leading, and for schoolchildren of the traditional system, the motives of duty and responsibility and avoiding trouble. Younger schoolchildren studying according to the Elkonin–Davydov educational system demonstrate a more positive emotional attitude to learning.

Problems of determining the structure of the base motivation of intentional crimes (on the example of jealousy, revenge, envy, hatred and enmity)

Problems of determining the structure of the base motivation of intentional crimes (on the example of jealousy, revenge, envy, hatred and enmity)

ЗМІСТ ТА СТРУКТУРА ПСИХОДІАГНОСТИЧНОЇ МЕТОДИКИ «ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ»

Before the start of hostilities, the National Guard of Ukraine was fully focused on law enforcement, but with the full-scale Russian invasion of the entire border and from Belarus to Ukraine, it became clear that the existing system of assessing the motivation of candidates for the National Guard of Ukraine requires the definition of adequate motivation for professional activity, selection or development of new psychodiagnostic techniques. Focusing on the content, structure, and typology of the motivational-volitional sphere and its connection with the effectiveness of military service, the results of the developed methodology «Assessment of motivation of professional activity of servicemen» are presented. The text of the questionnaire contains 180 questions (direct and reverse), and there are 6 answer options (from 0 to 5 points). Scores are calculated for each scale, block, and method as a whole. For the calculation of generalized scores (according to the block and the method as a whole) weights were introduced according to the importance of the indicator in the structure of professional motivation. The developed method has satisfactory psychometric indicators, is internally consistent, and is able to differentiate the sample of servicemen by status, experience, and experience of participation in hostilities. A study to determine the constructive validity of the methodology showed that the indicators of the method «Assessment of professional motivation of servicemen» have direct correlations with the motivation to choose a law enforcement profession and personal maturity and resources with psychological readiness for risk. To control the social desirability of the answers, it is necessary to use the scale of sincerity, which should be calculated first.

EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION AND STIMULATION OF WORK OF THE STAFF OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION

The work substantiates the need to evaluate and analyze the system of motivation and stimulation of the work of the personnel of a commercial organization. The author’s classification of remuneration systems according to the level of the motivational component and the classification of incentive payments depending on the motivational orientation are proposed. Achieving the goals of the organization is impossible without ensuring the effective actions of personnel. For this, it is necessary not only to ensure the functional loading of employees and create the necessary conditions for them, but also to arouse in them the desire to energetically carry out exactly those actions that bring the organization closer to achieving its goals. In this regard, management must perform a very important function - creating conditions for motivating employees and implementing it in practice. A feature of modern personnel management is the growing role of the employee’s personality, the ratio of motives and needs, on which the motivation system can be based, changes accordingly. Today, both financial and non-financial reward methods are used to motivate employees. Meanwhile, neither the theory of management nor the practice of personnel management provides certainty regarding the relationship between individual aspects of employee motivation and the most effective methods of managing them. It should be noted that in most scientific works devoted to motivation, the main attention is paid to researching the problems of the structure and dynamics of work motivation. Meanwhile, studies devoted to the practical development of oriented models of labor motivation for the personnel of commercial organizations in the conditions of the “new economy” are clearly insufficient. Thus, the development of recommendations for evaluation and improvement of the system of motivation and stimulation of the work of the organization’s personnel acquires special significance.

Цели учебных достижений и направленность личности в структуре учебной мотивации подростков

Learning motivation is a complex structure, which includes not only motives, but also other components. Today, more and more researchers are studying the constructs included in the structure of learning motivation. The paper presents results of a study (N=342) aimed at exploration of the educational achievement goals (3x2 model of Elliot’s achievement goal theory) and personality orientation (L.I. Bozhovich conception) and their connection with learning motivation of older adolescents. The sample consists of school students (N=175) and college students (N=167), 140 males and 202 females. 3x2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Bass Orientation Inventory and Academic Motivation Scale for Schoolchildren are used. According to the results obtained the learning achievement goals and personality orientation are connected with other constructs of educational motivation of older adolescents. The desire to learn with pleasure, solve difficult tasks and to develop is most characteristic of students with task-based personality orientation. Amotivation, the desire to perform better than others, achieve respect from parents is mostly characteristic of students with self-based orientation. Interaction orientation has negative correlation with motivation for achievement, for self-development and with task-approach goals, task-avoidance goals, other-approach goals, other-avoidance goals. College students demonstrate higher learning motivation, achievement motivation and self-development motivation compering to school students. Males demonstrate higher level of amotivation than females.

Russian Rural Place Names and Features of Their Derivational Structure (Based on the Toponymy of East Kazakhstan)

The paper studies official Russian names of rural settlements (comonyms) of the East Kazakhstan region based on toponymic material of three districts: Beskaragai, Borodulikha, and Shemonaikha. The choice of these areas is due to the high proportion of the Russian population and, consequently, Russian place names in the local name system. The author identifies three main toponymic layers: Turkic, Slavic, and German. The latter one offers an insight into the general dynamics of the local toponymic system and some of its historically and politically motivated features. Partial Russification of a number of Turkic place names shows the interaction of subsystems. However, the main attention is paid to the comonyms of Russian origin focusing on their systemic connections, motivation, internal form, and derivational structure. The Slavic substrate allows the authors to illustrate that intralinguistic tendencies and extralinguistic factors create “points of tension” within the toponymic strata that are resolved in one way or another. For example, the current system of rural place names shows a growing tendency for independence and self-sufficiency: the names related to productive and regular word-formation patterns, having close ties in the language and a clear internal form (such as Vladimirovka, Dmitrievka, Ivanovka, Kondratievka, Novopokrovka), become semantically “independent” when used in speech. These are instantly recognized as comonyms by linguistic features even without adding a geographic term (village). It is further planned that the collected material will form the basis of a dictionary of geographical names of the East Kazakhstan region.

Motivational program-targeted management of education quality: from model to implementation

The article discusses the main aspects of the development of a methodology for the formation of an education quality management system: motivating monitoring of education management bodies, a model for analyzing data on the education management system, and a single federal personnel reserve of education system leaders. The developed methodology is based on a model of motivational program-targeted management of the quality of education. The system of motivational program-targeted management is the result of the development and integration of global areas of world management science - rationalistic and behavioral. The motivational component made it possible to enrich the traditional model of the management cycle with socio-psychological principles of motivational management and structure the management cycle based on methods and mechanisms of motivational management, which is reflected in the results of the model implementation.

Transport risk factors and personal potential safe behavior of the railway operator

The relevance of the study of risk factors causing accidents with a threat to human life on high-speed railways is determined by the increasing traffic intensity. Problems of ensuring safe traffic include the accounting and prediction of systemic risk factors determined by the relationship of different levels of interactions. The analysis of the basic personal qualities necessary for a person in difficult professional situations is associated with the structure of motivation for sustainable responsible behavior in extreme conditions on railway transport. The article’s purpose is to show a multi-level systemic connection of risk factors in correlation with the analysis of the specifics of personal strategies of the operator’s behavior and to identify effective models of behavior that characterize the ability to make conscious decisions in a problem situation. To this end, an empirical study of indicators of adaptability and stress resistance of transport university students was conducted. To achieve this goal, a multi-level personality questionnaire for overcoming stressful situations was used. The generalization of respondent survey data made it possible to identify models of operator-safe social behavior in an extreme situation through a tendency to implement a specific coping strategy. In conclusion, it is emphasized that ensuring safety in the high-speed traffic system depends on eliminating the risks that are caused by three vectors: the organization of the traffic system, the organization of social interaction systems, and personal self-organization associated with the individual characteristics of the operator adaptive potential.

МЕХАНІЗМ ПРОЦЕСНОГО ПІДХОДУ В МОТИВАЦІЇ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article highlights the key aspects and modern theories of the motivation of the company's personnel and reveals the content of the methodology of the process approach to stimulating measures in economic entities. The motivation of workers has always been the driving force behind the effective work of each individual employee and the enterprise as a whole. A correctly selected personnel motivation strategy is the main task of managers, because it allows the enterprise to reduce staff turnover, improve the quality of its products or services, maintain a healthy and comfortable social-emotional and psychological climate in the company, ensure the achievement of the long-term and short-term goals of the organization, increase the level customer service and maintain the prestige of the organization in the competitive and labor market. The main process theories of employee motivation were analyzed. In this context, it is determined that various theories of the process approach to motivation are aimed at encouraging personnel to work more actively. At the same time, it should be noted that despite the difference in the theories of the process approach, they can effectively interact and complement each other when developing and implementing a stimulating program, which is why it is advisable to study this issue in a comprehensive and comprehensive manner. The basis of the structure of motivation as a process that is in constant interaction with parallel central processes at the enterprise is considered. It was determined that the creation and implementation of incentive programs requires certain resources, improvement, control and constant support from the management. Based on the results of the research, the most widespread theories of the process approach to motivation in personnel management were described and characterized, and it was determined that this approach enables managers to create a single process of action on the organization and personnel to optimize the company's activities.

АНАЛИЗ МОТИВАЦИОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ И ТРУДОВЫХ ИНТЕРЕСОВ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЕЙ И СОТРУДНИКОВ НА УДАЛЕННОЙ РАБОТЕ

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the information society in the early 20s of the 21st century faced a new phenomenon of the social and labor environment — the ability to work outside offi ces, outside workplaces and posts. Th e psychology of such work has not yet been studied far enough, there is not enough data on its eff ectiveness, productivity, and most importantly, on the motivation of workers for whom such work has become possible and accessible. Objective is analyzing the motivational structure, as well as highlighting the content haracteristics of the labor interests of both employees and managers working remotely (online) Methods. Cluster analysis of structured interviews with employees and managers, F. Herzberg’s methodology «Monitoring of labor motives», K. Zamfi r’s test for determining the motivational complex of employees and the author’s methodology «Labor interests of employees» were used as methodological tools. Sample. Th e study sample consisted of 134 people working remotely in an online education company in diff erent departments and in diff erent positions (30% — managers, 70% — specialists).

ЦИКЛООБРАЗУЮЩИЕ МОТИВЫ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ Н. КЛЮЧАРЕВОЙ «ДЕРЕВЯННОЕ СОЛНЦЕ»

The article attempts to consider the work of the contemporary Russian writer N. L. Klyuchareva The Wooden Sun in terms of cyclization. N. L. Kluchareva's work, consisting of a number of small essays, was written at the beginning of the XXI century and presents a deep understanding of Russian realities. Analyzing the motive structure of The Wooden Sun on the basis of classical and modern literary concepts, the authors single out a number of cycle-forming motives that characterize such key concepts for the Russian national character as Motherland, road, home, loss, consider the ways they are implemented in the texts of essays, identify the role of these motifs in shaping the author's idea and reconstructing the author's holistic picture of the world. The system of motifs in N. L. Klyuchareva's work is an important means of combining essays into a cycle, building structural connections and relationships within the cycle, allowing at the same time to identify the sense and meaning of each of the essays under analysis. The authors of the article pay attention to the artistic uniqueness of the works that make up the cycle and create a contradictory image of contemporary Russia. Special emphasis is placed on the intertextual connections of the works included in N. L. Klyuchareva's cycle “The Wooden Sun”. The analysis of cycle-forming motifs makes it possible to identify the main ideas of the work and draw conclusions about its artistic originality. The authors of the article believe that N. L. Klyuchareva's appeal to the motifs of Motherland, road, home, etc. indicates a serious interest of the modern prose writer to the values traditional for national literature.

Social and psychological attitudes of transport university students: gender study

The article presents the results of a study of the structure of social and psychological attitudes of male and female students studying in the transport university. By means of correlation analysis the interrelations have been established between social and psychological attitudes within each focus group. It has been found that the structure of social and psychological attitudes occurs as a holistic pattern among both male and female students. Due to that energy redistribution occurs from the strongly pronounced units to the suppressed ones. However, it has been found that the motivational structure of young men is less balanced compared to the motivational structure of girls. Moreover, it has been found that both male and female students have the opposition of "altruism" and "egoism", which indicates a certain personal maturity of the respondents of each focus group.

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION J. BRAHMS’ COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUE IN PIANO QUINTET IN F MINOR OP. 34

Under analysis is the issue of notation functioning as a sign system in the process of fixing a musical work, which is relevant in modern musicology. Scientific publications outline various aspects of musical semiotics, but do not highlight the relationship between the specifics of compositional techniques and ways of its rendering. Graphic signs are studied in the proposed article from the standpoint of this relationship which determines the scientific novelty of the results. The purpose of the research is to reveal the ways of graphic representation of the composer’s technique in the musical text on the example of J. Brahms’ Piano Quintet in F minor Op. 34 using semiotic and structural-functional methods of analysis. Results of research. In order to conduct this research, analysis of graphical representation of compositional devices in J. Brahms’ musical text has been done. His characteristic traits of writing include highly developed motivic technique. The composer finds new variants of musical units without changes of their rhythmical parameters or inner interval relations. In works by J. Brahms, variation presupposes such operations on motives, in which the composer changes either their articulation or temporal parameters as a result of shifting musical units in regard to the metric “grid” of the bar. Hence, there have been revealed new functions of the musical notation which becomes an important tool to fix and stabilize the musical work. Conclusions. As the composer fixes his musical intentions, formation of individual graphic sign system occurs; it is based on traditional notation but is marked by different functional and logical connections according to author’s intentions. As a result of this, various slurs, accents, “hairpins”, dynamic marks and their succession become one of the ways, in which composer’s thought acquires graphic representation. The specifics of graphic signs functioning in J. Brahms’ music requires their analysis as semiotic objects and understanding of the rules by which they can be deciphered. These rules cause relations between sign-bearers and their interpretants. Slur with its primal meaning of legato, placed in a new context, becomes a marker of motivic structure. Further joining of the slur with the “hairpin” allows indicating the principal tone, “emphasis” in a motive which influences its articulation. Thus, a circle of interpretants occurring in certain contexts expands.

Students and education during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has grown a worldwide health concern and has imposed a significant impact on education. As a result, halfway through the second semester of 2019/2020, learning methods were delivered through distance learning (DL). The purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic. A comprehensive diagnostic study of the psychological characteristics of students included the following methods: the test of life-meaning orientations (LMO), adapted by D.A. Leontiev (2006), diagnostics of the motivational structure of personality. Based on the results of the conducted empirical research, duration of study influenced student preference. Plus, Higher number of first-year students preferred DL compared to their seniors. Notwithstanding some challenges, students could adjust to the new education methods of full DL, and the majority recognized combined learning that combined classroom and distance learning can be performed subsequently. The COVID-19 pandemic transforms the application of technology in education and teaching approaches in the near future.

THE NAMES FOR SNIPE BIRD (GALLINAGO GALLINAGO) IN UDMURT DIALECTS

The article discusses the Udmurt dialect names of the snipe bird (Gallinago gallinago), which is from the snipe family of the Charadriiformes order. The main sources are field dialect materials of the Laboratory of Linguistic Mapping and Historical Lexicology of Udmurt State University, collected within the project “Dialectological Atlas of the Udmurt language”. In this paper methods of linguo-geographical description, structural-semantic and etymological analysis of words are used. Udmurt names for snipe appeared during the period of independent development of the language. In the Udmurt dialects, the most frequently recorded word is n'urtaka , formed from the n'urvyltaka form due to contraction. We believe that it is the most ancient name for the snipe. The main motivation used in the snipe nomination is a sound similar to the bleating of a ram, which is emitted by a displaying male snipe. Most of the lexical variants have a two-component structure formed from original and borrowed nouns. The first component is an attributive noune. It indicates the habitat / nesting place of the bird ( n'ur ‘marshy’, muvyr ‘terrestrial’), characterizes its nocturnal lifestyle ( uy ‘nocturnal’), expresses belonging to the wild nature ( lud , kyr ‘wild’) and the class Birds ( in' ‘heavenly’). The second component is the name of domestic animals ( taka ‘ram’, ketchtaka ‘goat’, kaza ‘she-goat’). Typological similarity of the snipe nomination processes is observed in some related and unrelated languages. Such coincidence of motivation and semantic structures of words is due to the biological characteristics of this bird.

The Order in The Structure of Motives of Activity: Quantitative Description

The purpose of the study is to conduct an empirical verification of the validity of the theoretical assumption that there is an order in the structure of motives of activity, which is determined by the proportionality between the significance of each motive in their aggregate significance and is quantitatively manifested in the parameters of the hyperbolic H-distribution ranked by the parameter. The necessary conditions for solving this problem are highlighted: a) structural elements - weakly functionally dependent on each other motives; b) in the structure of motives, the functional significance of each has a quantitative expression, which must be measured through the organization of empirical research; c) the measure of the total functional significance of all motives is limited by the situation of activity and the costs of obtaining its product. On a sample of students of the first, second, third, fourth courses of technical and humanitarian specialties (N=860) using the method of subjective assessment of the significance of each of the three motives for studying at the university in their combined significance (“acquisition of knowledge”; “mastering a profession”; “obtaining a diploma”) and using a given level of the average error of approximation of empirical results with an H-distribution of 10%, it was found that statistically, at a level of error probability less than 20%, students with an average error below a given level predominate. The possible formal and substantive reasons that led to a decrease in the validity of the result are named. The interpretation of the results in the context of the “junction” of systems theory and activity theory is presented. The directions of further research in the context of the proposed model are determined.

Scientific and Methodological Support for Teachers in the Context of Gamification in Mathematics Study in the Russian System of Additional Education

The relevance of this study is due to the practical significance of the issues of using game mechanisms in the process of teaching mathematics, the lack of research into the issues of symbiosis of game and didactic technologies in mastering complex mathematical knowledge, the need to search for effective technologies to establish how they affect the development of students and the formation of a modern style of thinking. The analysis of global trends and practices of introducing elements of gamification into the education system has shown that the mastering of complex knowledge and patterns of mathematical activity, the solution of problem areas of mathematics at different levels of learning and complexity is carried out by a complex of mathematical and information methods without the integration of game elements. It has been substantiated that gaming technologies in combination with the informatization of mathematical activity give a powerful motivational charge to the study of mathematics, actualize the processes of self-organization of cognitive activity, and contribute to the development of a probabilistic style of thinking. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation and effective methodological support for the process of professional development of mathematics teachers in the context of gamification in mathematics study with the effect of developing a probabilistic style of thinking. The authors have developed an arrangement mechanism and determined the content of scientific and methodological support for teachers working in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to provide additional educational services in the context of gamification in education. The developed materials, in particular, include evaluative case tests for identifying competence deficiencies in teachers, which ensure the formation of a probabilistic style of thinking based on gamification processes by managing the information saturation of the motivational field of learning. In addition, the authors proposed an additional professional education program for teachers, Mathematics in Gaming Activities (Business, Didactic and Intellectual Games) , and developed new forms of certification and assessment materials (gamification-based didactic solutions and effective practices). Using the concept of gamification, it was possible to demonstrate the activation of cognitive and motivational structures, in particular, the effective development of a probabilistic style of thinking in the process of mastering complex mathematical knowledge through its adaptation to school mathematics. The results of the study allow making it possible to bring the process of teaching students and developing their personalities to a modern qualitative level using current achievements in the field of digitalized education.