Macro Structure Research Articles

A Study on Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds Using ArcTig Welding

With recent increase in the demand for stainless steels, the necessity of improving stainlesssteel welding output is likewise increasing. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), which can obtain clean welds, is conventionally used for stainlesssteel welding. With GTAW, however, it is difficult to meet the rising demand owing to low productivity. Alternatively, ArcTig is a welding process with increased energy density through direct electrode cooling. It is thus possible to achieve highproductivity keyhole welding, which can effectively replace GTAW. However, the mechanical properties of ArcTig welds have not been properly discussed hitherto. Accordingly, these were adequately discussed in this study. Tensile, bending, hardness, and impact tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of welds, with macro and micro structures also being analyzed. The test results showed that there were no internal defects in the welds, and mechanical properties were satisfied.

Didactic Oriented Study: Move and Transitivity Analysis of Method, Result, and Discussion Sections in Research Articles

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study expounds how the analysis of move and transitivity in the method, result, and discussion sections contributes to the advancement of novice writers’ writing skills by providing a writing pattern applied when composing research articles. To this aim, a qualitative approach with descriptive technique is employed to encapsulate and explain the phenomena being studied. The data are the method, result, and discussion sections of research articles (RAs) drawn from top tier journals categorized as language and linguistics and analyzed based on macro structure (move and steps) and micro structure (transitivity). The results indicate that 11 moves and 38 steps discovered, in detail, these consist of three moves and 15 steps in method, four moves and 10 steps in result, and four moves and 13 steps in discussion. As for the successions of the move steps, few inter-move step shifts observed. This is in contrast with the outer-move step shifts that commonly occurred. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the transitivity analysis suggest that there are six processes revealed including material, relational, verbal, mental, existential, and behavioral consecutively with material dominating and behavioral the fewest. The results of the present study may supplement the teaching materials reside in English for a research purpose. </p>

Initial Desorption of Reaction Beech Wood

The research aimed to obtain empirical data for modeling the initial desorption in reaction wood from the cross-section of the green beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) log. Firstly, we analyzed the chemical composition, macro and microscopic structure of tension and opposite wood tissue. Then, the Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) was measured by the Dynamic Vapor Sorption method during the initial desorption. The used air parameters were specific for the mild drying schedule of green beech timber (t = 20, 35, and 50 °C, Relative Humidity (RH) ranging from 95 to 0 %). Relationships between the EMC of reaction wood and drying parameters were modeled using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The tests revealed: different hygroscopic properties of tension and opposite wood, the dependence of EMC value on temperature, and differences between EMC values for initial (first) and second desorption. Moreover, it was confirmed that, during initial desorption, the EMCs of reaction wood are significantly higher than reference EMC data. The differences in the EMC value are up to 0.14 kg/kg (for air with RH above 90 %). The presented polynomial model of the initial desorption of reaction beech wood can improve drying schedules for beech sawn timber with a high amount of reaction tissue.

Effect of Firing Temperature on Density, Porosity, Impact Strength, and Macro Structure of Crucible Materials Made from Graphite, Kaolin, and Castable Cement

<p class="02abstracttext">Along with the advancement of modern times and technology, the metal sector plays a critical role in sustaining present growth. The industry's increased competitiveness has hampered the development of numerous small-scale metal casting industries. A crucible made of local graphite can only be used not more than ten melting cycles. This research aims to examine the influence of firing temperature on the density, porosity, impact strength, and macrostructure of graphite, kaolin and castable cement crucible materials. This research applies experiment method at various firing temperature, i.e. 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. The crucible materials are made of graphite, kaolin, and castable cement. The firing process employs a heating rate of 5 °C/min and a holding time 2 hours. The results show that firing temperature influences the density, porosity, impact strength and macrostructure of crucible. The highest density at 1.86 grams/cm<sup>3 </sup>was obtained at the firing temperature of 1050 °C. The lowest porosity value of 41% was attained at firing temperature of 1050 °C. However, this value was still below the crucible index criterion. The highest impact strength of 0.003249 Joule/mm<sup>2</sup> occurred for firing temperature of 1050 °C.</p>

Discourse Structure of Food Product Advertisement on Television

Advertising discourse differs from other genres of text because advertisements are supposed to attract public attention and interest. The macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure of food product advertisements on Indonesian television are investigated using Van Dijk’s (2009) discourse theory. This study used a qualitative research method design to achieve these goals. The data analysis revealed that at the macro structure level of food product advertisements on Indonesian television, the writer’s ideology is to invite and persuade the public to purchase the advertised product using various word forms, including figurative languages. Each advertisement is organized and systematic at the superstructure level, beginning with the introduction, body, closing, and conclusion. Each advertisement’s text is constructed with great attention to semantic and syntactic aspects at the microstructure level. Background, detail, and purpose are included in the semantic aspect, while the syntactic aspect includes the relationships between ideas from one sentence to the next and from one paragraph to the next to create a complete message presentation (cohesion and coherence). As a result, grammatical and lexical cohesion are manifestations of the cohesive element. Advertising is a type of manipulative communication tool that employs lingual forms and strict diction to pique the public’s interest and attention. Further research is expected to investigate semantic aspects of advertising discourse texts using a larger number of data sources than the five types of advertisements used in this study, and to investigate changes in the way advertising texts are composed as a result of societal changes.
 Keywords: advertisement, food product, discourse structure, television

Electrochemical behavior of friction stir welded joint of ultra-low carbon steel

In this study, friction stir welding of ultra low carbon steel was performed at tool rotational speeds in the range from 300 to 750rpm with 150rpm increments at 60mm/min fixed traverse speed. Throughout study was performed on macro and micro structures in order to determine the several welded zones for example stir zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone, and heat-affected zone. Microhardness profiles were performed along the welded joint's cross section and the utmost hardness was obtained at stir or nugget zone as compared to the other zones of the welded joints. The hardness values on the stir zone decreases with rise in tool rotating speed. Electrochemical study was investigated in 3.5%NaCl electrolyte solution. Corrosion rate is maximum (~27MPY) at 300 rpm stir zone and minimum value (~0.3 MPY) obtained at heat affected zone at 750rpm welded sample.

Synthesis of ionic liquid modified Cu-doped layered double hydroxide magnetic as a novel nanocatalyst for azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions

In the current research, a novel nanoreactor catalyst containing copper doped hybrid structure into the layered double hydroxide and magnetite was strategically developed by hydrothermal approach followed by post-modification. The material was additionally surface functionalized with imidazole based ionic liquids in order to provide the better dispersion in the reaction medium while employed as catalyst. The as-synthesized material was physicochemically characterized in details over several analytical instruments like Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier Transformed Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average dimension of the hybrid nanoreactor material was around 350 nm. Due to macro and microporous layered structure, it was having high surface area where the Cu ions, considered as active sites, were uniformly immobilized. This also facilitated the active sites as easily accessible by the reactive molecules. The ionic liquid decorated Cu doped hierarchical-functionalized LDH-magnetite nanostructure crafted a suitable environment to carry out the azide–alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction. The prepared [email protected]/IMIL nanocatalyst is applied in the cycloaddition of alkyl halide, phenylacetylene and sodium azide to synthesis of several 1,2,3-triazole compounds with excellent yields in short reaction time. Due to inner magnetic core, the material was easily retrieved from the system and used five consecutive times with no appreciable loss in catalytic activity.

Numerical study and topology optimization of vibration isolation support structures

Lightweight design and harmful vibration isolation of supporting structures are the most common design contents in practical engineering, but they are often difficult to be considered together. Phononic crystals have the characteristics of elastic wave bandgaps, which can effectively isolate the vibration within the bandgap frequency range. The integrated coupling design of vibration isolation and structure support by topology optimization is studied in order to make the obtained macro structure with periodic characteristics have both high support structure stiffness and lower frequency vibration isolation bandgaps. Taking a two-dimensional cantilever beam with multiple periodic substructures in the length direction for example, the finite element method and an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm are used to realize the topology iterative change of the substructure mesh, the solution of the substructure band structure and the natural frequency of the cantilever beam. Maze algorithm is used to avoid invalid operation in optimization process and the mesh generation strategy combining coarse mesh and fine mesh is taken to improve the operation efficiency. Two optimization objective functions reflecting the overall support stiffness and relative bandgap width of the cantilever beam are set. The topology design of the substructure with transverse symmetry constraints and bisymmetric constraints are carried out, respectively. The topology optimized structures with bandgaps of different mechanisms are obtained from the Pareto front of the numerical results.

Investigating Structure and Agency in Chinese Indonesians' Identity Work

Research shows that structure and agency are components of both micro and macro articulations of identity (Bucholtz and Hall, 2005). However, some scholars (e.g., Block 2013, 2015; Sealey and Carter 2004; Gao 2017) argue that structure and agency often receive unequal attention, with many studies focusing more on agency when examining identity work. This paper attempts to rectify this imbalance by adopting a chronotopic approach to examine quantitative variation in Chinese Indonesian college students' (non)‐use of the Chinese discourse particle a to construct interactional positions. The resulting analysis highlights how speakers' interactional positions align with established macro structures of Chineseness and Indonesianness, and also present new local structures. Patterns in different speakers' invocation of structures in interaction correlates with their socialization histories, involving exposure to particular social categories and ideologies. Ultimately, this approach better represents structure and agency as mutually constituted factors in identity work.

A phase field-based systematic multiscale topology optimization method for porous structures design

In this paper, we propose a novel and systematic phase field-based multiscale topology optimization method for porous structures design. The multi-regional microstructural composite and fixed microstructural shapes are adopted to balance the objective and other constraints. The connectivity issue between different microstructures is handled. In the multiscale topology optimization, the macro and micro design variables are updated by the Allen-Cahn type equations which include a reaction-diffusion term, a sensitivity analysis term, a volume constraint term, and a correction term. The correction term is used to keep topologies of macro and micro structures closed to the prescribed structures. We use an efficient merging algorithm to handle the connectivity issue between different microstructures. Based on an interpolation technique of the phase field function and a modified Allen-Cahn equation, this algorithm can smooth the connecting boundaries and satisfy the minimum surface theorem. The final distribution of microstructures keeps the extraordinary physical and mechanical properties for the macrostructure. Some typical cantilever beam, Michell-type structure and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm beam are performed to verify the effectiveness of our method.

Struktur Teks dan Ideologi pada Wacana Berita Daring Bertema Pemilihan Gubernur DKI

This article discusses the results of research on the structure of texts and ideologies contained in online news discourse with the theme of the election of the Governor of DKI Jakarta. The method used in this qualitative research is descriptive analytical method. The data sources are ten news discourses published by Kompas.com, Merdeka.com, and VIVAnews.com media in March and April 2017. The data were analyzed for text structure using van Dijk's theory of critical discourse analysis. The results show that the macro structure formed by journalists in news discourse with the theme of the election of the Governor of DKI Jakarta generally uses a frontal theme and tries to convince readers of what they write. The superstructure shows that journalists have provided systematic information according to their respective ideologies. The microstructure generally displays news content that influences public opinion, generates support, strengthens legitimacy, and eliminates opponents. The ideological representations contained in news discourse generally describe the legitimacy process of the dominant group against the minority group.

When Helping Hurts: A Zemiological Analysis of a Child Protection Intervention in Adolescence—Implications for a Critical Child Protection Studies

This paper presents data from a three-year, mixed methods study into the rate and impact of ‘relocation’ as a response to extra-familial harm in adolescence by children’s social care teams. Participatory approaches to research design, data collection and analysis are used to gain insights from young people, parents/carers and professionals about the impact of relocations on safety. Professionals and young people report a range of harms implicated in the use of relocations, whilst sharing that the intervention often increases safety. Data are analysed zemiologically to understand this ambivalence, connecting micro accounts of harm with meso, institutional and macro structures that determine child protection intervention. Zemiology is put forward as a promising approach for a Critical Child Protection Studies.

Seasonal Factors of Adaptation of Water-Mineral Chronoperiodical System in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Syndrome of Vegetative Dystonia

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the peculiarities of various components of water-mineral chronoperiodical system under the action of seasonal factors in practically healthy individuals and in patients with the syndrome of vegetative dystonia (SVD). Methods: Forty practically healthy individuals and 38 ambulatory patients with SVD were investigated. Practically healthy subjects and patients with SVD were on identical regimen (sleep, wake, and diet). Four-hour urine specimens were collected over a period of 72–120 hours, with duration of 4–5 days. Each sample of urine was analyzed for electrolytes and some microelements. Temporal organization (biological and weather factors) parameters have been measured by nonlinear least squares method for the rhythms with sinusoidal structure and dispersion analysis for the rhythms with non-sinusoidal organization. Parameters of weather factors were received from the hydrometeorological service of Yerevan, Armenia.Results: Healthy subjects were characterized with the circadian structure of macro and microelements chronoperiodical system. Acrophases of the biorhythms were individual, and were outstripping the acrophases of the weather indices’ oscillations.Conclusion: Chronostructure of macro- and microelement homeostasis in patients with SVD were characterized with infradian oscillations. For patients with SVD, significant correlation between rhythms of electrolytes and trace elements and oscillations of weather factors was different in comparison with the data for healthy subjects. In patients with SVD, acrophases of chronoperiodical system of electrolytes and microelements frequently were concurrent relative to the acrophases of fluctuations of the weather factors.

Multi-Scale Structure and Directional Hydrophobicity of Titanium Alloy Surface Using Electrical Discharge.

Titanium alloys with special macro-micro composite structures of directional hydrophobicity are difficult to prepare due to poor thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance, inhibiting the wide engineering applications for aerospace, marine engineering, and biomedicine. To prepare macro-micro composite structures on the surface of titanium alloys and achieve directional hydrophobicity, the sub-millimeter structures with an edge width of 150 μm, a groove width of 250 μm, and a depth of 250 μm were fabricated on the titanium alloy by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technology, and high voltage-induced weak electric arc machining (HV-μEAM) was used to fabricate micro-scale feature size micro-structures on the processed macro-structure edges. The influence of process parameters on the morphology of microstructures was studied experimentally. The smooth surface of the titanium alloy is isotropically hydrophilic, and its contact angle is 68°. After processing the macrostructure on the titanium alloy surface, it shows directional hydrophobicity after being modified by low surface energy materials. The macro-micro composite structure formed by HV-μEAM realizes a directional hydrophobic surface with contact angles (CA) of 140° (parallel direction) and 130° (perpendicular direction), respectively. This surface has been modified with low surface energy to achieve contact angles of 154° and 143°. The results of the abrasion resistance test show that under the load of 100 g, it retains directional hydrophobicity at a friction distance of 700 mm with 600# sandpaper. The existence of the sub-millimeter macrostructure is the reason for the directionality of surface hydrophobicity. The microstructure can realize the transformation of the titanium alloy surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Under the combined effects of the macro and micro composite structure, the surface of the titanium alloy shows obvious directional hydrophobicity.

Улс төрийн дискурс судалгаанд тм аргыг ашиглах нь буюу орчин үеийн чиг хандлага

Text mining as an approach, referred to a text data mining, is the text analytics process of normalizing, integrating and grouping big data information including free (unstructured) texts and speeches unto the well-organized schematic models according to the research made by Cutting, 1992. Thus it is developed more in exploring text analysis, armed with Artificial intelligence, Natural learning process and other computational statistics applied in natural language as the mathematical approaches, Hearst (1999). Currently TM is used as the statistical tool approaches based on the key words which make mental model of the texts in discourse. One example is IBM’s Watson (Upbin, 2013). Further, with the support of TM algorithm, it is highly advantage of deriving important databases by its value from both texts and speeches with the methods such as sentiment analysis, clustering, figuring texts into images, macro structure and mental modelling in discourse of linguistic. Therefore, text mining is interdisciplinary manner approaches for data analysis, information processing, categorization in combination of mathematical statistics and linguistic analysis. To be collecting statistic databases, analyzing topic models, creating language model under the text mining approach, it brings us the specific characteristics of linguistics as text mining is to allow tounderstand the texts in different levels such as sentence, proposition, paragraph, context, idea of the whole discourse and to pre-calculate relations in between ideas and key and chosen words of the speakers. Text mining is also used for allocating, sub-parting and grouping the data into structured models of key concepts. Specifically, in linguistics, the text mining is importantly advised to release the same thought data the same as human language understands and processes. Another significance of the text mining, it works very well when variety different types of documents and data in various types including verbal and nonverbal through the language use are observed and created in semantic network which is fundamental upon to the topic concepts. The semantic network and nodes in key words is worthwhile to calculate correlations in between words’ meanings and values of the key expressions in the context of the discourse. With this advantage, this paper is explored the opportunities on how to parallel research on the political discourse and its global concepts and macro structures in the way the speakers choose the appropriate language and how they express their ideas, ideologies, political positions, implications, speech trends, and emotions in words-one hand, it is analyzed by the researcher’s view and other hand, NLP, ML, IA algorithms and mathematical statistics are used for collecting research data and mapping the superstructure and imaging global concepts and discourses-are in need of macro level analysis of discourse. And all the results from comprehensive method and TM approaches are re-proved according to the reliability of the analysis through the quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Novel patterns in a class of fractional reaction–diffusion models with the Riesz fractional derivative

Pattern is a non-uniform macro structure with some regularity in space or time, which is common in nature. In this manuscript, we introduce the Fourier transform for spatial discretization and Runge–Kutta method for time discretization to solve a class of fractional reaction–diffusion models such as Allen–Cahn model, FitzHugh–Nagumo model and Gray–Scott model with space derivatives described by the fractional Laplacian. Numerical experiments show that compared with semi-implicit Fourier spectral method, present method has higher precision and low computational complexity. The patterns of 2D FitzHugh–Nagumo model with standard diffusion obtained in this manuscript are in line with the numerical simulations and theoretical analysis that made by other academics. Then, we discuss the limit case of fractional order: the process of pattern formations of the fractional order tends to corresponding integer-order reaction–diffusion model when super diffusion tends to standard diffusion. Finally, some long time diffusion behaviors of 3D FitzHugh–Nagumo model and 3D Gray–Scott model are observed.

Controllable electrodeposition of ordered carbon nanowalls on Cu(111) substrates

We report the growth of amorphous carbon nanowalls with molten salt electrolytes and a carbonate carbon source at 600 °C on home-made Cu(111) foil as the growth substrate (and cathode). The nanometer thick nanowalls grow preferentially along symmetric slip lines on the Cu(111) surface and their ordered arrangement appears to also be dictated by the electrosynthesis parameters. Computational chemistry suggests that nucleation of carbon growth is favored at the slip lines (atomic steps) of the Cu(111) surface. The electrodeposited carbon structures can be varied by tuning the potential on the electrodes and temperature of the molten salt. The macro, micro, and nanoscale structure of the nanowalls was studied and is reported.

A atuação das autoridades centrais da dinâmicas da cooperação internacional

The dynamics of international cooperation synergistically articulates all spheresof public power and the macro structure it represents, whether in the process ofcommunicationbetweencountries,whetherinthecreationofglobalsolutions,orin the protection of the national legal system or in the adaptation of internal rulesto the scenario worldwide. Under this focus, this article sought to analyze theinstrumentalityofnationalorganismsmostknownascentralauthorities,inaligning interests and building agreements between nations, as well as in theassurance of fundamental rights and guarantees to citizens in foreign territory.For this, the hypothetical-deductive method of analysis was used through theemployment of technique of bibliographic research and survey of specializedliterature.Uponstudiescarriedout,itwasconcludedthattheperformanceoftheentities mentioned above, translates an important role in encouraging mutualgovernmental support, to resignify the unconditional appreciation of theideaofsovereignty,enforcetheprimacyofuniversaljusticeandconsolidatingtheBrazilian DemocraticRule ofLaw.

Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

A dead Asian House Gecko, infected with multiple species of fungi, was found floating in a jug of water inside a building in Kunming, China. The dead gecko was taken to the mycology laboratory at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and different fungal species were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on the resultant isolates based on multiple gene sequences (ITS, LSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2, tub2, Bloc, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, tef1-α). In addition to the phylogenetic analyses, morphological characteristics were also used to describe the fungal taxa. The entomopathogenic fungus Basidiobolus ranarum was isolated from the gecko’s inflamed right forelimb, while Beauveria bassiana was isolated from the gecko’s forehead. In addition, the neck skin yielded a common and important plant pathogen Colletotrichum jianxiense. Full descriptions, color plates of macro and micro structures of fungal taxa, and phylogenetic trees to show the placements of fungal taxa are provided. These findings represent either new host records or new country records for the three fungal species.

In-vitro viability of bone scaffolds fabricated using the adaptive foam reticulation technique.

The adaptive foam reticulation technique combines the foam reticulation and freeze casting methodologies of fabricating bone reparative scaffolds to offer a potential alternative to autografts. For the first time this paper studies the effect of processing on the mechanical properties and in-vitro cell growth of controllably generating a hierarchical structure of macro- (94±6 to 514±36μm) and microporosity (2-30μm) by the inclusion of camphene as a porogen during processing. Scaffolds were produced with porogen additions of 0-25wt%. Porosity values of the structures of 85-96% were determined using the Archimedes technique and verified using X-ray Computed Tomography. The strength of the hydroxyapatite scaffolds, 5.70±1.0 to 159±61kPa, correlated to theoretically determined values, 3.71±0.8 to 134±12kPa, calculated by the novel incorporation of a shape factor into a standard equation. Fibroblast (3T3) and pre-osteoblast (MC3T3) cell growth was found to be significantly (P<0.005) improved using 25wt% porogen. This was supported by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and was thought to result from greater dissolution as quantified by increased calcium levels in incubating media. The combination of these properties renders adaptive foam reticulation-fabricated scaffolds suitable for non-structural bone regenerative applications in non-load bearing bone defects.