Structure Of Gross Regional Product Research Articles

The role of creative industries in the regional economy

Aim. To analyze the role of creative industries in regional economic development with a focus on St. Petersburg. Objectives. To study theoretical approaches to the study of creative industries; to examine the existing concepts of creative industries; to analyze various methods of assessing creative industries and their impact on the regions; to evaluate the contribution of creative industries to the economy of St. Petersburg, to study their dynamics and impact on the socio-economic development of the city.Methods. The authors used general scientific research methods such as deduction, analysis, synthesis and logical analysis. Classical research methods were applied to collect and process data on creative industries.Results. The study determined the role of creative industries in the socio-economic development of regions. The understanding of further prospects of creative industries was formed. The fac[1]tors influencing the economic growth of the region were analyzed. The degree of development of creative industries in St. Petersburg is assessed and their contribution to the structure of gross regional product (GRP) of the region due to the available technical, logistical, digital, cultural and leisure infrastructure is presented. It is concluded that it is the synergetic development of creative industries and related services sector (wholesale and retail trade, catering, tourism, logistics) that can lead to an increase in the quality of life of the population in a particular region, which is the stated goal of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation (RF). Conclusions. Creative industries play a significant role in the regional economy, which is due to their ability to generate creative product and stimulate economic activity. The results of the study showed that the key indicators for assessing the contribution of creative industries are the volume of creative product in the regional GRP, the share of employment in creative sectors and the proportion of creative organizations from the total number of enterprises in the region. The research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of creative industries’ influence on the socio-economic condition of a large Russian city, and provides a basis for the development of strategies to support and develop them

Отраслевые структурные сдвиги на примере экономики Удмуртской Республики

A slowdown in economic growth implies the need to identify driver industries that will ensure the development on a new basis. The study aims to analyse industrial structural changes in the economy of the Udmurt Republic in the context of consolidated types of economic activity. It is suggested that shifts in the industrial structure of gross regional product (GRP) of the Udmurt Republic did not accelerate its economic growth. To achieve the set goal, theoretical aspects of structural changes were examined, a retrospective analysis of statistical data for 2004–2021 was performed. A modified methodology of dynamic macrostructural analysis was applied to study structural changes along with economic growth rate. Historical background of the industrial structure formation was analysed. When assessing the quality of structural changes, the index of physical volume of GRP per capita was used instead of GRP. Additionally, the study introduced the concept of “structural determinant of economic growth”. The conduced analysis revealed two structural lags and four small periods, characterised by a certain ratio of manufacturing and mining industries, in which five significant structural shifts occurred. The region’s industrial economic structure is the result of natural, geographical and political factors. Structural changes in the examined period, being a consequence of the volatility of world oil prices, did not ensure long-term economic growth or a fundamental transformation of the technological structure of the regional industry. The obtained results can be used to develop regional structural policies from the perspective of driver industries and ensure sustainable economic growth. Future studies should substantiate the “optimality” of regional economic structure, considering the interdependence of industries and integration into the national production system.

Новые закономерности в современной динамике социально-экономического развития регионов России

The article analyzes the differentiation of Russian regions according to the dynamics of their socioeconomic development in 2022 on the basis of a number of statistical indicators, primarily indices of output of goods and services by basic types of economic activity and industrial production (taking into account the current picture of interregional differences in the dynamics and structure of gross regional product in 2020-2021). It is shown that the economic development of the regions in 2022 was significantly influenced by the dependence of their economy on foreign capital, which previously did not play such a significant role, which for the first time in recent years led to the greatest problems of the North-Western Federal District. In manufacturing, as in 2015, the highest growth rates were characteristic of the Southern Federal District, primarily its largest regions, as well as the Central One. The latter one at the same time was distinguished by great contrasts between individual regions, which turned out to be among the leaders and outsiders in terms of production indices. The real monetary incomes of the population in 2022 were weakly dependent on the dynamics of economic indicators – traditionally, a significant role was played by the redistribution of income within the framework of state social policy. In addition, as is typical of the crisis years, the dynamics of retail trade turnover by region was not determined by the real monetary incomes of the population.

To the Question of Determining the Budget-Forming Industry

The article is devoted to the identification of the criterion, that allows to determine which industry can be referred to as a budget-forming one at the regional level. The empirical base of the study was formed by the data of Russian Federal State Statistics Service about the structure of gross regional product and by the data from the Federal Tax Service about the structure of tax revenues of the regional consolidated budgets by the type of the economic activity in 2017. The grouping of regions by the types of the economic activity is carried out using the standard method of multifactorial ranking. The structure of the gross regional product is revealed to be significantly different from the structure of the tax revenues of the regional budgets. It is proposed to define an industry as the budget-forming one if tax revenues from it form at least 15 % of the consolidated budget of the region. The application of this criterion shows that «Manufacturing» is the budget-forming industry in most of the regions. The offered criterion can be used to adjust the tax control directions and analyze the indicators of tax crime, it can help assess the consequences of tax legislation changes for the regional budgets.

Trends of development of business entities in Ukraine as factors of their state and legal regulation

Trends in the development of economic entities in Ukraine, which are factors for the formation of socio-economic areas of their state and legal regulation, taking into account all the diversity of characteristics of their functioning. Factors of state and legal regulation of economic entities in Ukraine, namely the branches of the national economy, as objects of such influence that need to be adjusted. The ratio of the dynamics of GDP in Ukraine with the dynamics of GDP in the world was studied, in Ukraine the decline in GDP growth occurred by 6.98 % more than in the world. The identified trends are an important factor for the development and introduction of changes in state and legal regulation for the adaptation of domestic legal norms to European and world standards. The structure of Ukraine's gross domestic product was studied and ten industries with the largest share in the country's GDP were identified. By indicators: the share of gross regional product in total (%), indices of physical volume of gross regional product (in previous year's prices, percent), indices of physical volume of gross regional product per capita in Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions have the largest values by state, but with different rates of change. Examining the structure of gross regional product and the balance of foreign trade, identified administrative-territorial units in which there is the highest concentration: Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions. Studies of key performance indicators of economic entities show a decrease in the number of economic entities by 1.66 %, an increase in the number of employees by 9.76 %, an increase in sales by 87.62 % and an increase in personnel costs by 124.65 %. Trends of the main indicators of enterprise activity have been studied in the selected regions and Ukraine, the growth of the number of business entities in 2015–2019 is observed only in Kyiv. The generalizing factor in the context of this study is the level of profitability (loss) of all activities of enterprises, which during 2015–2019 increased by more than 200 %.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПОТЕНЦІЙНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВТРАТ ЧЕРЕЗ ПЕРЕДЧАСНУ СМЕРТНІСТЬ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РЕГІОНУ

The relevance of the study is that during the thirty years of independence of Ukraine the population is rapidly declining, in particular working age; life expectancy is much lower compared to developed countries; high mortality rate of people of working age, in particular young people, which are the basis of the country’s labor potential, etc. The aim of the study is to assess the potential economic losses due to premature mortality of the population of the Black Sea economic region. The article focuses on the problem of high mortality of the population of Ukraine, in particular people of working age. Theoretical and methodological bases of calculation of potential economic losses due to premature mortality of persons of working age are given. The growth rates of mortality in the age group of 15–59 years in 2013–2005 and 2020–2014 are calculated. An assessment of potential losses in human years due to premature mortality in the age group of 16–59 years in 2020 in Ukraine and the Black Sea economic region. Potential economic losses due to premature mortality of persons in the age group of 16–59 years in 2020 in Ukraine, in particular Mykolaiv, Odesa, Kherson regions, are calculated. The share of potential economic losses due to premature mortality in the age group of 16–59 years in 2020 in Ukraine in the overall structure of gross regional product of Ukraine is calculated. The share of potential economic losses due to premature mortality of persons in the age group of 16–59 years in 2020 in the Black Sea economic region in the overall structure of the corresponding losses in Ukraine is calculated. The share of potential economic losses due to premature mortality of persons in the age group of 16–59 years in 2020 in some regions of the Black Sea economic region in the total gross regional product is calculated. Therefore, high human, financial, material and intellectual losses in general worsen the medical, demographic, socio-economic, political and other processes in our country. To weaken this process, it is necessary to take a comprehensive approach to solving the above problem; in particular, it is necessary to simultaneously improve the importance of the components of human and sustainable development of Ukraine.

ЕКОНОМЕТРИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The work aims to develop an author's approach to modelling the performance of tourism enterprises using modern mathematical methods of multifactor modelling based on empirical data. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: to generalize theoretical developments and practical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of tourism enterprises at the regional and national levels; substantiate the methodological basis and choice of econometric tools for modelling the evaluation of the effectiveness of tourism enterprises, taking into account the available statistical base; to develop an econometric model for evaluating the effectiveness of tourism enterprises that would allow determining a system of indicators for assessing the impact of the effectiveness of tourism enterprises on the economic development of territories; to develop recommendations for the application of the author's model in the substantiation and management decisions in the process of forming the foundations of regional and national economic policy. The author's approach to assessing the impact of tourism enterprises on the processes of economic development of the regions is proposed in the article. In the process of econometric modelling, the method of analysis of canonical correlations was used, which allowed obtaining an analytical view of empirical relationships of sets of performance indicators of tourism enterprises and indicators of economic development of regions, which, in turn, allows to obtain a formalized interaction of tourism enterprises and region. to obtain a realistic estimate of the contribution of tourism enterprises to GRP generation. The canonical analysis of the interaction of indicators reflecting the economic performance of tourism enterprises in the regions of Ukraine and indicators of economic development of the regions showed that the most priority areas of tourism enterprises in the regions of Ukraine that contribute to the development of regions, territories and increase employment are revenues from tourism services in the form of sale of tourist vouchers to citizens of Ukraine abroad for the purpose of specialized tourism, leisure, recreation and children's tourism. The growth of the share of tourist services both in the structure of gross regional product and in the structure of consumption in the world should stimulate domestic tourist enterprises to work towards increasing those indicators of tourist activity that would increase their profitability and competitiveness in the distribution of tourist flows. with the state, national tourist facilities and tourist infrastructure, especially in regions with sufficient tourist potential and low level of its use, to ensure a high level of quality of tourist services in accordance with international standards, to develop tourist activities within Ukraine.

Influence of external impacts on the dynamics of the industrial structure of gross regional product

The article assesses the impact of the sectoral structure of the gross regional product of the Russian regions on the sustainability of regional economies to external crises (using the oil crisis and the spread of coronavirus infection as an example). Firstly, based on a comparison of the trends in oil prices and the gross regional product of Russian regions over the past 20 years, the paper determines that the oil crisis will affect the economic development of all regions, regardless of the specialization of the territory. Secondly, the study ascertains that regions, which have a high share of the raw materials industry and a low share of trade, transportation, and the financial sector, are more resistant to the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection. Using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the authors identify threats to the modern structure of the economy and the social sphere in terms of sustainability to external crises, and propose the directions of structural and spatial restructuring of the region’s economy to increase the stability of the regional economy.

Economic Transformation of Regions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

Post-crisis development of national economy substantially is defined by global trends on restoration of growth rates. It is necessary to use the capacity of macro regions of the country among which the important place is taken by the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). There is a need for a research of ability of structure of economy of the territorial subjects of the federation entering it in whole or in part to adapta tion to the changing managing conditions. It is important to reveal effectiveness of efforts of large and small business, the regional and federal bodies of authority and management, the available market institutes in general directed to activation of economic factors of AZRF. In article the hypothesis of a possibility of assessment of dynamics of change of this structure with the indicators characterizing structure of the gross regional product (GRP) of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation included in AZRF is made and considered. The research of structure of this indicator is conducted during 2005–2016 with application of the index of structure offered by the author. It is revealed that during the analyzed period of fluctuation of the sizes of shares in structures of GRP of subjects of AZRF significantly differ among themselves. Entry into AZRF into the analyzed period had no significant effect on change of structure of GRP of the entering territorial subjects of the Russian Federation yet. It says about prevalence of the economic practice which developed under the influence of a geographical factor. In subjects of AZRF the trend on reduction of a share of agriculture, hunting and forestry, the processing productions, transport and communication and financial activity with simultaneous increase in a share of mining proceeds. Significant growth in a share of public administration and ensuring military safety is observed; obligatory social insurance at stagnation of the size of a contribution of education, health care and providing social services. Fluctuations of the sizes of shares in structures of GRP of subjects of AZRF are uneven that speaks about preservation of a trend on a variety of structures of regional economies. The insignificant tendency to more balanced participation of subjects of the district in creation of total amount of GRP due to high dynamics of the extracting sector is revealed. In the Arctic in the analyzed years the industrial logic of development assuming large-scale industrial exploitation of natural resources amplified.

Отраслевая структура валового регионального продукта как фактор экономического развития регионов

Отраслевая структура валового регионального продукта как фактор экономического развития регионов

Paradox of Plenty in Terms of Irkutsk Oblast

The article considers a problem of a possible negative impact of the accelerated growth of oil and gas extraction on the socio-economic situation of the resource-producing region. The negative effects are based on the well-known concepts of the resource curse, the Dutch disease and the rentier state which are combined by the term «paradox of plenty». It offers to use models of rent-oriented behavior and patronage in order to analyze the incentives of economic agents. In terms of the shifts in the structure of gross regional product and employment by types at the regional level. It substantiates the significance of monitoring the arising spatial and sectoral distortions when forming the regional strategy of a long-term economic growth. The possibilities of overcoming negative effects are associated with the need of performing a structural industrial policy within the frames of smart specialization and providing incentives for businesses in the traded sector of the regional economy.