Structure Factor Research Articles

Tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering and large spontaneous Hall conductivity in the metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2

The triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF) has been the standard paradigm of frustrated magnetism for several decades. The most common magnetic ordering in insulating TLAFs is the 120° structure. However, a new triple-Q chiral ordering can emerge in metallic TLAFs, representing the short wavelength limit of magnetic skyrmion crystals. We report the metallic TLAF Co1/3TaS2 as the first example of tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering with the associated topological Hall effect (non-zero σxy(H = 0)). We also present a theoretical framework that describes the emergence of this magnetic ground state, which is further supported by the electronic structure measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Additionally, our measurements of the inelastic neutron scattering cross section are consistent with the calculated dynamical structure factor of the tetrahedral triple-Q state.

Surface-directed spinodal decomposition of fluids confined in a cylindrical pore.

The surface-directed spinodal decomposition of a binary liquid confined inside a cylindrical pore is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. One component of the liquid wets the pore surface while the other remains neutral. A variety of wetting conditions are studied. For the partial wetting case, after an initial period of phase separation, the domains organize themselves into pluglike structures and the system enters into a metastable state. Therefore, a complete phase separation is never achieved. Analysis of domain growth and the structure factor suggests a one-dimensional growth dynamics for the partial wetting case. As the wetting interaction is increased beyond a critical value, a transition from the pluglike to tubelike domain formation is observed, which corresponds to the full wetting morphology. Thus, a complete phase separation is achieved as the wetting species moves towards the pore surface and forms layers enclosing the nonwetting species residing around the axis of the cylinder. The coarsening dynamics of both the species are studied separately. The wetting species is found to follow a two-dimensional domain growth dynamics with a growth exponent 1/2 in the viscous hydrodynamic regime. This was substantiated by the Porod tail of the structure factor. On the other hand, the domain grows linearly with time for the nonwetting species. This suggests that the nonwetting species behaves akin to a three-dimensional bulk system. An appropriate reasoning is presented to justify the given observations.

Effectiveness of Women's Agreement in Providing Legal Protection to The Privilege in Marriage

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the marriage agreement deed in providing legal protection against property in marriage, and to determine the factors that affect the effectiveness of the marriage agreement deed in providing legal protection against property in marriage. Theoretical framework: It defines work discipline, explains performance management principles, incorporates legal regulations, uses theoretical models, forms research questions, and identifies variables. It also considers contextual factors and shapes expectations regarding work discipline's impact on performance. Methodology: The type of research used is empirical research which is used to obtain primary data, data obtained directly from the community as the main source through field research using interviews and questionnaires. and to find the truth of the assumptions or basic assumptions used to answer the problems in this study. Results and conclusion: The results showed that the effectiveness of the marriage agreement in providing protection to marital property was less affective. The factors that influence the effectiveness of the marriage agreement deed in providing legal protection against marital property are legal substance, legal structure and legal culture factors. Originality/value Suggestions from this research, the community as a legal subject should understand the rule of law and follow the development of the developing law, so as not to experience a huge loss when there are legal problems that may occur in social life later, there is a need for legal socialisation regarding the making of marital agreements both in terms of legal rules and benefit.

POWER FACTOR OF Bi2Te3 AND Sb2Te3 ENHANCED BY HIGH DENSITY AND HARDNESS

The power factor is an indicator of the performance of thermoelectric materials. Many researchers improved the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of materials by various techniques such as doping, substitution, and decreasing particle size for dense samples. We present Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 materials prepared by hot pressing method at 673 K for 2 h in Ar atmosphere. Bulk samples were investigated for their crystalline structure, hardness, and power factor by XRD, micro-Vickers hardness, and ZEM-3, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and power factor of n- Bi2Te3 and p- Bi2Te3 bulk samples were higher than literature data in the same temperature range of 325 to 475 K. The higher power factor value of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3 bulk samples of this study have resulted from the high density and high micro-Vickers hardness of the samples.

Protecting Those Who Protect Us: A Review of Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Police Officers

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a common occupational health problem among police officers. This systematic review aimed to estimate the association between psychosocial factors and MSDs in this population. Design: A systematic search was conducted using the Scopus database to identify studies that assessed the psychosocial risk factors for MSDs in police officers. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. The findings suggest that exposure to job satisfaction, working type, job demands, shift work, working hours, job control, equipment, organisational structure, job support, work cooperation, workplace inequalities, parenthood, social support, and psychological factors were linked to the presence of pain in the back, neck, shoulder, arm, and legs among police officers. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of addressing psychosocial risk factors to improve the quality of life of police officers. Specific interventions to reduce these risk factors might include changes in organizational structure, job design, and work schedules, as well as targeted programs to promote stress management, coping skills, and work-life balance. Addressing these factors can help to prevent or reduce the presence of MSDs in this population, promoting healthier and more productive workplaces. Future studies are recommended to investigate this association further by considering the utilization of longitudinal study designs.

Hydrogen-bond network in an equimolar acetic acid–water mixture as studied by neutron scattering and density functional theory

The present study explores the hydrogen-bond network in an equimolar mixture of acetic acid and water (AA–W). The investigation was conducted using a combination of neutron scattering and Density Functional Theory (DFT). New neutron scattering data at large scattering wave vectors were analyzed to determine the total structure factor SM(q) and the molecular form factor F1(q) of the system. DFT calculations using the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set were performed to optimize the monomers and various AA–W H-bonded clusters, including one acetic acid (AA) molecule connected to one, two, and three water molecules. Consequently, three dimers, three trimers, and one tetramer have been considered in order to describe the local order in the mixture. In addition, this study focused on the H-bond interactions in the most probable clusters in the solution, using the natural bond orbital and the atoms in molecules analyses. Our analysis particularly shows that stronger H-bond interactions occur in the ring structures.

Modeling Corporate CDS Spreads Using Markov Switching Regressions

Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of the European iTraxx corporate CDS index considering a large set of explanatory variables within a Markov switching model framework. The influence of financial and economic variables on CDS spreads are compared using linear, two, three, and four-regime models in a sample post-subprime financial crisis up to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that four regimes are necessary to model the CDS spreads. The fourth regime was activated during the COVID-19 pandemic and in high volatility periods. Further, the effect of the covariates differs significantly across regimes. Brent and term structure factors became relevant after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hyperuniformity of maximally random jammed packings of hyperspheres across spatial dimensions.

The maximally random jammed (MRJ) state is the most random (i.e., disordered) configuration of strictly jammed (mechanically rigid) nonoverlapping objects. MRJ packings are hyperuniform, meaning their long-wavelength density fluctuations are anomalously suppressed compared to typical disordered systems, i.e., their structure factors S(k) tend to zero as the wave number |k| tends to zero. Here we show that generating high-quality strictly jammed states for Euclidean space dimensions d=3,4, and 5 is of paramount importance in ensuring hyperuniformity and extracting precise values of the hyperuniformity exponent α>0 for MRJ states, defined by the power-law behavior of S(k)∼|k|^{α} in the limit |k|→0. Moreover, we show that for fixed d it is more difficult to ensure jamming as the particle number N increases, which results in packings that are nonhyperuniform. Free-volume theory arguments suggest that the ideal MRJ state does not contain rattlers, which act as defects in numerically generated packings. As d increases, we find that the fraction of rattlers decreases substantially. Our analysis of the largest truly jammed packings suggests that the ideal MRJ packings for all dimensions d≥3 are hyperuniform with α=d-2, implying the packings become more hyperuniform as d increases. The differences in α between MRJ packings and the recently proposed Manna-class random close packed (RCP) states, which were reported to have α=0.25 in d=3 and be nonhyperuniform (α=0) for d=4 and d=5, demonstrate the vivid distinctions between the large-scale structure of RCP and MRJ states in these dimensions. Our paper clarifies the importance of the link between true jamming and hyperuniformity and motivates the development of an algorithm to produce rattler-free three-dimensional MRJ packings.

Dynamical structure factor of the SU(4) algebraic spin liquid on the honeycomb lattice

Dynamical structure factor of the SU(4) algebraic spin liquid on the honeycomb lattice

Modifiable factors contributing to belongingness of undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment: An exploratory study

BackgroundBelongingness has been tied to positive personal and educational outcomes in undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment, but there is limited literature on specific factors that promote these important feelings of acceptance and value alignment. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess demographic characteristics, program/clinical structure factors, and modifiable clinical setting factors that may impact feelings of belongingness in U.S. undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment. DesignA cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the relationship between demographics, program/clinical structure factors, and modifiable clinical setting factors and levels of belongingness using the U.S. version of the Belongingness Scale – Clinical Placement Experience. SettingA national study was conducted via the National Student Nurses Association database from December 2022 to January 2023. Participants759 volunteer undergraduate nursing students in the U.S. who had completed at least one clinical course. MethodsAn online survey was disseminated to assess demographic factors, program/clinical structure factors, students’ perceptions on the frequency of occurrence and perceived value of modifiable clinical setting factors (including clinical format, clinical site, relationship and interpersonal, and miscellaneous factors), and to measure levels of belongingness experienced. ResultsBivariate analyses revealed one statistically significant program/clinical structure factor (p <.001) and 10 statistically significant modifiable clinical setting factors (p <.001) that contribute to belongingness. The findings also support the use of the U.S. version of the BES-CPE as a reliable and valid instrument. ConclusionsResults demonstrate the importance of fostering belongingness in undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment and, for the first time, extrapolate qualitative findings from the literature into the identification of factors that contribute to these critical feelings of inclusion. There are immediate implications for nursing educators and a rich foundation for future intervention research is proposed.

What makes higher education contribute to high-quality economic development - a synergy effect analysis based on scale, structure and quality elements

Abstract This paper explores how the synergistic effect of scale, structure and quality of Certain components can encourage postsecondary education for superior economic growth. Firstly, this study illustrates the synergistic effect of scale, structure, and quality factors in higher education by exploring the theoretical mechanisms of these elements in higher education to promote good economic development. Second, the conventional TOPSIS method is refined, and the entropy power-TO PSIS model is constructed by combining the entropy power method with the regression model built on the theoretical mechanism of the previous paper, and the empirical design is executed. The measurement of high-quality development of higher education and the economy is made possible by this. After building and finishing the evaluation index system for higher education and high economic, high-quality development, the development measurement is examined at the end. Based on the regression results, Analysis is done on the mediation and threshold effects of higher education for the establishment of high-quality economic growth, and pertinent policy recommendations are made. The scale structure and quality criteria of higher education are 40.1,303.1,9.9, and 60.2, respectively. The growth levels of the east, central, and west are 0.27,0.24, and 0.24, respectively, as is the proportion of the mediating influence to the total effect of 0.32 and 0.51. Through the factors of scale, structure, and educational quality, higher education works in concert to optimize technology and industry and, in turn, to foster the excellent growth of the economy.

Simulations and integral-equationtheories for dipolar density interacting disks.

Integral equationtheories (IETs) based on the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) relation can be used as an analytical tool to predict structural and thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of fluids with low numerical cost. However, there are no studies of the IETs for the dipolar density interaction potential in two-dimensional systems, a relevant interdomain interaction in lipid monolayers with phase coexistence. This repulsive interaction arises due to the excess dipole density of the domains, which are aligned perpendicular to the interface. This work studies the performance of three closures of the OZ equationfor this novel system: Rogers-Young (RY), modified hypernetted chain (MHNC), and variational modified hypernetted chain (VMHNC). For the last two closures the bridge function of a reference system is required, with the hard disk being the most convenient reference system. Given that in two dimensions there is no analytical expressions for the hard disk correlation functions, two different approximations are proposed: one based on the Percus-Yevick (PY) approximation, and the other based on an extension of the hard spheres Verlet-Weis-Henderson-Grundke (LB) parametrization. The accuracy of the five approaches is evaluated by comparison of the pair correlation function and the structure factor with Monte Carlo simulation data. The results show that RY closure is satisfactory only for low-structured regimes. MHNC and VMHNC closures perform globally well, and there are no significant differences between them. However, the reference system in some cases affects their performance; when the pair correlation function serves as the measure, the LB-based closures quantitatively outperform the PY ones. From the point of view of its applicability, LB-based closures do not have a solution for all studied interaction strength parameters, and, in general, PY-based closures are numerically preferable.

Simulation of Colloidal Dispersion of Spherical Particles Interacting Via a Linear Combination of Dispersive and Screened Yukawa Potential

We have considered a two-dimensional colloidal dispersion of spherical particles interacting via a linear combination of Hamaker type dispersive potential and screened Yukawa potential. We have compared the pair correlation functions (g(r)) calculated from isothermal isochoric (NVT) Monte Carlo simulation with the PCF obtained by solving PercusYevick (PY) integral equation theory, at six values of reduced densities ranging from 0.03 to 0.11, keeping the relative strength of two types of potential fixed. Structure factors are calculated by Fourier transform of total PCF (h(r)).

Conceptual Framework of Collaboration Model for Batik MSME in Indonesia for the Development of Soft Innovations

Soft innovation is suitable for the craft industry because it has significant relevance to creativity. To support the handicraft industry to develop its business through innovation, some assistance from the government has been given a lot but it does not fully involve the imagination, capacity, and innovation of craftsmen. The problem that occurs if the unique potential of these participants is neglected is the ineffectiveness of empowerment programs such as training and tutoring carried out because the needs and abilities of participants vary, in such a way that program funds issued by the government will be wasted and do not increase the competitiveness of the participants, thus threatening to shrink the contribution to the country's GDP. This happens because there is no soft innovation creative collaboration model in Indonesia and from the existing references, most of them are still about innovation collaboration models in general. It is very important to research the development of soft innovation of handicraft products in Indonesia related to the conceptual framework of the soft innovation collaboration model for Batik MSMEs in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to create a conceptual framework for the collaboration model of batik MSMEs in Indonesia for the development of soft innovation where the benefits are to facilitate the creation of creative collaboration models for batik MSMEs. The method used in this study is qualitative research with a literature approach. In the conceptual framework, the variables used are internal factors consisting of human resources, structure, strategy and external factors consisting of markets, governments, academics, communities.

Inelastic Solution for Power Law Fluid with Taylor Galerkin-Pressure Correction Finite Element Method: Axisymmetric Contraction Flows

In this study we examine the flow of inelastic fluids with various shear properties in axisymmetric contractions with various contraction ratios are selected as 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1 with both rounded-corner and sharp. Particular attention is paid to the effect of shear thickening and shear thinning upon the solution behavior. Power-law inelastic model is employed coupling with the conservation of momentum equation and continuity equation. The numerical simulation of such fluid is performed by using the Taylor Galerkin pressure correction (T-G/P-C) finite element algorithm. The effects of geometry structure and many factors such as Reynolds number (Re) and the parameters of power law model are presented in this study. Particularly, in this study we are focused on the influence of these factors on the solution components and the level of convergence. This research was a comparative study between sharp and rounded-corner contraction geometries with a ratio of 4:1, and to another comparative study among sharp contraction geometries with ratios of 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1. The practical implications of this study focused on vortex length and the impact of varying the parameters of the power law model and the Reynolds number (Re) on it for 4:1 contraction flow. The study dealt with the effect of different geometries on the rates of convergence of velocity and pressure as well as the characteristics of axial velocity and pressure on the axis of symmetry.

Fluctuation relation in continuous-time random walks driven by an external field

We study a fluctuation relation representing a non-equilibrium equality indicating that the ratio between the distribution of trajectories obtained by exchanging the initial and final positions is characterized by free energy differences for the duration of the trajectories. We examine the fluctuation relation for noninteracting charge carriers driven by an external electric field by using a continuous-time lattice random walk model with a general waiting-time distribution of transitions. The fluctuation relation is obtained regardless of the lattice structure factor or the form of the waiting-time distribution. However, the fluctuation relation is satisfied only after taking the continuum limit in the presence of a reflecting boundary. Moreover, in free space without boundary conditions, exchanging the initial and final positions is equivalent to exchanging the field (or drift) directions. However, we show that the exchanging field (or drift) directions is not relevant for studying the fluctuation relation under the reflecting boundary condition.

Problem çözmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik ölçeği geliştirme çalışması

The primary goal of education is to help people become better problem solvers by utilizing their thinking and mental abilities. As a result, affective factors should be considered in addition to cognitive factors. Self-efficacy is one of these affective factors. Self-efficacy refers to people's beliefs about their skills to perform a task and succeed by organizing necessary activities. In this case, problem-solving self-efficacy is defined as one's belief in one's own ability to deal with problems patiently. In this study, we aimed to develop a scale to measure problem-solving self-efficacies. The study was executed according to scale development stages. Data were collected from 422 eighth-grade students in Turkey's public middle schools to develop and validate the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the scale's factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the resulting structure. In addition, item analysis of the scale items was executed. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was seen that the scale had two factors. However, according to the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that all values provided a good or perfect fit. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.91; for subfactors, 0.88 and 0.87, respectively, indicating that the scale is highly reliable. A high validity and reliability scale was eventually developed to determine problem-solving self-efficacy. Studies in the literature show that students' self-efficacy is related to their problem-solving skills. Therefore, we propose additional research to investigate the developed scale's effect on students while considering demographic factors.

Research on the regional prediction model of urban raster infectious diseases based on deep learning

Many people have suffered and even died from infectious diseases every year, especially in cities with relatively high population density, which will no doubt jeopardize the society. In order to predict the spread of and further prevent urban infectious diseases in advance, this paper proposes an urban grid infectious disease area prediction model based on deep learning. The model first builds an urban grid based on longitude and latitude, and analyzes the spatiotemporal data and additional impact data of infectious diseases under the premise of urban grids. Then we construct a spatiotemporal fusion prediction model good at processing temporal and spatial features, using Residual Network (ResNet). Moving forward, the spatial dimension data and the temporal dimension data are processed using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Finally, the two models are merged to incorporate weather, age structure and other additional factor data into the fully connected layer. Taking Quzhou, Zhejiang Province as an example, we obtained data from the Quzhou CDC and imported it into a model to study the regional spread of infectious diseases. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the spatiotemporal fusion model is higher than 94.7%, helpful for predicting infectious diseases. In the follow-up research, we suggest that if the group activity data in the study area can be obtained, the data can be added to the spatiotemporal fusion model, beneficial for improving the prediction accuracy of the model.

Machine Learning for Prediction of the International Roughness Index on Flexible Pavements: A Review, Challenges, and Future Directions

Timely maintenance of road pavements is crucial to ensure optimal performance. The accurate prediction of trends in pavement defects enables more efficient allocation of funds, leading to a safer, higher-quality road network. This article systematically reviews machine learning (ML) models for predicting the international roughness index (IRI), specifically focusing on flexible pavements, offering a comprehensive synthesis of the state-of-the-art. The study’s objective was to assess the effectiveness of various ML techniques in predicting IRI for flexible pavements. Among the evaluated ML models, tree ensembles and boosted trees are identified as the most effective, particularly in managing data related to traffic, pavement structure, and climatic conditions, which are essential for training these models. Our analysis reveals that traffic data are present in 89% of the studies, while pavement structure and climatic factors are featured in 78%. However, maintenance and rehabilitation history appears less frequently, included in 33% of the studies. This research underscores the need for high-quality, standardized datasets, and highlights the importance of model interpretability and computational efficiency. Addressing data consistency, model interpretability, and replicability across studies are crucial for leveraging ML’s full potential in fine-tuning IRI predictions. Future research directions include developing more interpretable, computationally efficient, and less complex models to maximize the impact of this research field in road infrastructure management.

A Study on the Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Laws of the Xilahe Copper Deposit in Yuanjiang County

The Xilahe copper deposit in Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, is a highly concerned copper mining area. The geological characteristics, structural characteristics, distribution of magmatic rocks, ore body characteristics, metamorphism and wall rock alteration, as well as the ore-forming horizon and mineralization characteristics of the deposit are described and analyzed in this article, revealing its mineralization laws. The strata of the ore deposit is mainly composed of the upper section of the Fei weihe Formation, and the structural characteristics show the development of multiple faults in the mining area, including magmatic rocks such as diabase. The characteristics of the ore body indicate the presence of five copper ore bodies, mainly sulfide ore, and the main metal mineral is Fool's Gold. Metamorphism and wall rock alteration are manifested as silicification, carbonization, and pyritization. The mineralization pattern is influenced by various geological factors, including geological structure, magnetic action, hydrothermal activity, and time factors. The deposit belongs to a sedimentary metamorphic copper deposit. Comprehensive analysis shows that the copper deposits in the study area have great potential for ore exploration, which has important theoretical and practical significance for subsequent exploration and application of ore exploration methods.