Structural Style Research Articles

Mesozoic tectonic evolution and dynamic mechanisms of the northern Bozhong depression of the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China

The northern Bozhong depression of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China is an important area for oil and gas exploration in buried hills, which has complex structural styles and evolutionary processes. Based on 3D seismic and drilling data, the features of the Mesozoic structural deformation of the northern Bozhong depression are analyzed, and the tectonic evolution and dynamic mechanisms are also discussed. The complex Mesozoic structural styles of the northern Bozhong depression are composed of compression, strike-slip, and extension structures, which mainly trend in the near E-W, NW, NE, and NNE directions. Triggered by the collision and subduction between the North China, South China and Izanagi plates and associated stress fields of different periods, natures and directions, the northern Bozhong depression has experienced five stages of deformation at the end of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic, the Early-Middle Jurassic, the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and the Late Cretaceous. Cyclical tectonic evolution has controlled the development of structural styles of different strikes and natures and the spatial distribution of strata in the northern Bozhong depression, providing an important foundation for hydrocarbon accumulation in buried hills.

Physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with the incorporation of waste disposal polyurethane foam as coarse aggregate

<p>Industrial waste in engineered concrete mixes is an enormous step towards sustainable development. Polyurethane foam waste (PUFW) is mainly generated by the refrigeration, automobile, and construction industries. Day by day, large amounts of PUFW are incinerated and disposed of in landfills, which not only affects the environment but also leads to the loss of land usage. On the other hand, with the improvement of financial benefits, environmental benefits, and structural style, the demand for lightweight concrete (LWC) is also increasing. This study investigated the incorporation of rigid PUFW as coarse aggregate in LWC. Various proportions of PUFW replacement by volume (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%) were examined to formulate the LWC mixtures. The physical and mechanical properties of the LWC were tested and compared with conventional concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength reached more than 17 MPa when LWC was made with 40%, 50%, and 60% PUFW content, satisfying the compressive strength of structural LWC. At 70% PUFW content, the compressive strength was satisfactory for semi-load bearing strength, and at 80% PUFW content, it was suitable for insulation concrete. In all mix proportions, the density value was less than 2000 kg/m3, which was satisfactory for LWC.</p>

The Impact of Leadership Orientations on Decision-Making Styles: A Research on Youth Camp Organizations

Youth organizations are very important for the development of young people. It is thought that the leadership orientations of youth leaders and the decision-making mechanisms which they use are important in terms of being role models for young people who will play an important role in the construction of the future. This study aims to investigate the relationship between leadership orientations and decision-making styles of individuals working as leaders in youth camps affiliated to the Ministry of Youth and Sports, a non-profit public organization. A total of 197 youth camp leaders, consisting of 45 females and 152 males, voluntarily participated in the research. The Multifactor Leadership Orientations Scale and the Decision-Making Styles Scale were used to collect research data. According to the correlation analysis results, a positive and moderate level of relationship was found between rational decision-making and structural leadership (r=.553), human resource leadership (r=.531), political leadership (r=.429), and charismatic leadership (r=.475) dimensions. There was a weak level of relationship between intuitive decision-making style and structural leadership (r=.165), human resource leadership (r=.232), there was a moderate level of relationship political leadership (r=.355), and charismatic leadership (r=.381) dimensions. A positive and weak level of relationship was found between dependent decision-making style and human resource leadership (r=.207) and political leadership (r=.187) dimensions. A negative and weak level of relationship was observed between avoidant decision-making style and structural leadership (r=-.171). According to the regression analysis results, structural leadership (β=.295), human resource leadership (β=.248) and charismatic leadership (β=.198) dimensions have a significant positive influence on the rational decision-making sub-dimension of the decision-making styles scale. Charismatic leadership (β=.315) dimension has a significant positive influence on the intuitive decision-making sub-dimension of the decision-making styles scale. Human resource leadership (β=.225) dimension has a significant positive influence on the dependent decision-making sub-dimension of the decision-making styles scale. In conclusion, leaders who exhibit structural, human-oriented, and charismatic leadership styles are likely to effectively employ a rational decision-making approach. Additionally, leaders with a charismatic leadership orientation may be proficient in utilizing an intuitive decision-making style, while those with a human-oriented leadership approach might excel in dependent decision-making. Future research could explore the expectations of young individuals from their leaders.

Paipote fold-and-thrust belt, a key element in understanding the upper crustal shortening mechanisms of the Central Andean forearc

The crustal shortening of the Andean forearc in northern Chile was accommodated by a combination of both thin- and thick-sinned structural styles. However, fold-related inversion of normal faults appears to be the most important structures in the area. To understand the upper crustal shortening mechanisms that acted during the tectonic uplift of this region, an original structural investigation was carried out, integrated with outcrop and regional-scale observations, balanced cross-sections, and pre-shortening restorations of structures exposed along the Paipote fold-and-thrust belt. On this basis, we presented the first balanced cross-section of this region extending for nearly 27 km is presented. The structural styles consisted of east-directed asymmetrical folds involving Paleozoic to Cenozoic strata. The folds were kinematically related to inverted normal faults and thrust ramps that penetrated downward into the basement. The inverted structures resulted from the reverse reactivation of preexisting Upper Paleozoic to Jurassic west-dipping, basement-rooted normal faults that accommodated the tectonic extension that preceeding the Andean orogenesis. The reverse-reactivation of these extensional structures controlled the development of east-verging anticlines, along which the Mesozoic syn-rift strata were elevated above their regional elevation. Other folds exhibit the typical geometry of fold-related thrust ramps (fault–bend folds and fault–propagation folds). These are proposed to result from the development of low-angle thrusts propagating across precursor normal faults with shortcut trajectories, that detach along Jurassic shales, thus forming complex thin-skinned structures in shallow structural levels. The latter is responsible for accommodating a major crustal shortening (nearly 5 km). The east-directed tectonic transport direction was influenced by the original attitude of precursor extensional faults.

Stress evolution of fault-and-thrust belts in 2D numerical mechanical models

We employed numerical models to examine the dynamics of fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs), particularly focusing on the spatial and temporal interplay between stress variations and fault development. Our study explores the effects of variables such as layer thickness, basal friction, and surface diffusivity on the FTBs’ structural development, emphasizing the conditions under which frontal thrusts form. We found that fault activities within FTBs exhibit a cyclic behavior characterized by phases of initiation, quiescence, and reactivation. For over 95% of the total cycle duration, the frontal thrusts are the only active structures, and the stress within the FTB predominantly remains in a critical state. During the remaining 5%, the stress becomes over-critical, leading to the formation of a proto-thrust zone and the reactivation of pre-existing thrusts within the FTB. The lateral growth rate of FTBs is directly related to the thickness of the deforming layer, with the progression of the deformation front maintaining a steady pace across the study period. Additionally, our analysis on the progression of FTBs highlights the critical role of zonal failure spacing in determining the structural styles within FTBs. Our results indicate that narrowly spaced zonal failures, which promote the emergence of low-angle forethrusts, are more likely to occur at increased distances from the backstop. This explains the sequential frontal failure in the FTB; however, the stress accumulating at the rear weak zones also play an important role in the evolutionary patterns of the FTB. Our study offers new insights into the complex processes governing the mountain formation.

Convolutional neural network application for supply–demand matching in Zhuang ethnic clothing image classification

This study aims to design a classification technique suitable for Zhuang ethnic clothing images by integrating the concept of supply–demand matching and convolutional neural networks. Firstly, addressing the complex structure and unique visual style of Zhuang ethnic clothing, this study proposes an image resolution model based on supply–demand matching and convolutional networks. By integrating visual style and label constraints, this model accurately extracts local features. Secondly, the model’s effectiveness and resolution performance are analyzed through various performance metrics in experiments. The results indicate a significant improvement in detection accuracy at different annotation points. The model outperforms other comparative methods in pixel accuracy (90.5%), average precision (83.7%), average recall (80.1%), and average F1 score (81.2%). Next, this study introduces a clothing image classification algorithm based on key points and channel attention. Through key point detection and channel attention mechanisms, image features are optimized, enabling accurate classification and attribute prediction of Zhuang ethnic clothing. Experimental results demonstrate a notable enhancement in category classification and attribute prediction, with classification accuracy and recall exceeding 90% in top-k tasks, showcasing outstanding performance. In conclusion, this study provides innovative approaches and effective solutions for deep learning classification of Zhuang ethnic clothing images.

Analysis Of Translation Techniques On Public Signs In Jabodebek Light Rail Transit (LRT)

Public signs are signs in public facilities that provide information, directions, warnings, or notifications that aim to help people get the right and accurate information. In this research, the researcher researched the public signs on Jabodebek LRT with two destination routes, namely the Bogor Line (Dukuh Atas Station–Harjamukti Station) and the Bekasi Line (Dukuh Atas Station–Jatimulya Station). The Jabodebek LRT public signs are translated into English from Indonesian. Analyzing the translation techniques used to convert the Indonesian (source text) into the English (target language) is the aim of this research. By referring to the concept of translation techniques submitted by Molina and Albir (2002), out of 18 translation techniques, only 6 were identified to be used in 13 public signs. The researcher researched the techniques of translation used to translate the Indonesian public signs, which involve adaptation, substitution, literal translation, established equivalent, modulation, and description techniques. According to the researcher's analysis of the 13 public signs in the Jabodebek LRT, the translation's final product has much greater readability, accuracy, and acceptability when the appropriate translation technique is used that is specific to the specific setting being studied. In addition, the source text and the target text are textually equivalent in that both texts are similar in meaning, significance, and information conveyed, although there may be differences in sentence structure, word choice, or language style.

An Exploration of Narrative Strategies in the Adaptation of the Cross-Media Text Postmen In The Mountains

The novel Postmen In The Mountains written by the famous writer Peng Jianming was adapted into a movie of the same name in 1999, and was adapted to the screen by director Huo Jianqi. Although the domestic box office was not good after its release, it successively won awards at major domestic and foreign film festivals caused widespread repercussions. The novel Postmen In The Mountains shows the exploration of life and the nostalgia for the countryside through the artist’s “prose culture” words. The 1999 version of the movie uses a unique narrative perspective to show deep themes such as the meaning of life. The text of the same name Postmen In The Mountains, presented in different media forms, reflects a unique narrative strategy in its adaptation, and shows changes in aesthetic taste and narrative structure, aesthetic expression and narrative style from the perspective of narratology.

Influence of lateral variations in décollement strength on the structure of fold-and-thrust belts: Insights from viscous wedge models

Fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) evolve over a mechanically weak basal décollement that separates the overlying intensely deformed rocks from the underlying less deformed ones. Although deformation structures in FTBs commonly show lateral continuity, a closer inspection reveals distinctive variations in structural style (e.g., fold style) along and across mountain belts. This study uses laboratory-scale viscous models to investigate the influence of lateral décollement strength variations on the spatio-temporal evolution of strain patterns in FTBs. These experiments, simulating crustal-scale deformation, show notable changes in the mode of tectonic wedge growth, including the topographic evolution and ductile strain pattern distribution. For example, the deformation front propagates faster over weakly coupled décollement than the laterally adjacent strongly coupled segment, leading to along-strike variations of the topographic slope and curved outline of the deformation front. Constrictional strain, characteristic of regions of weak coupling, is transient and replaced by flattening strain beyond ∼20 % bulk shortening. The latter prevails in regions over strong décollement, whereas complex strain histories mark the transition zone between weak and strong décollements. Based on our modelling results, we propose that variations in décollement strength may cause the segmentation of deformation processes and the development of transverse faults in FTBs.

Developing Virtual Leadership in Digital Technology E-commerce

Virtual leadership is essential in the current age of remote work and digital technology, requiring leaders to adapt their management style to provide guidance and support to their followers. A contemplative approach focusing on building rapport and providing moral support can especially be effective in virtual settings, while an initiating structure style is better suited for complex tasks or highly competent teams. Managing a virtual workforce requires a unique set of abilities to collaborate, lead, and manage remotely. Keywords: planning, technology, virtual leadership

A Regional Shallow Décollement at the Front of the Mexican Fold and Thrust Belt: Microstructure of the Santiago Shale

Abstract This contribution analyses the role played by the mechanical properties of a decollément shale layer in the evolution of the Mexican Fold and Thrust Belt (MFTB). The mobility of overpressured shales can accommodate large strains by grain-scale plastic mechanisms, and affect the folding and thrusting styles of the overburden. Research on shale deformation mechanisms is necessary to improve the knowledge of these processes and their influence on the structural style of fold and thrust belts. The ductile behavior of rocks involving grain-scale plasticity was documented in the Jurassic Santiago shale sequence using geological mapping, microstructural observations on thin-oriented sections, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Structural styles such as detachment folding, fault-bend folding, and shale-cored fold-thrusts were observed at the regional scale. At the outcrop scale, the shale developed strong foliation and pencil cleavage, with immersed packstone boudins. Observed structures include thrusting, soft and open folds, and buckle folding. In thin section, the ductile textures include a strong penetrative foliation with lenticular and wavy-parallel laminae composed of carbonates, ribbons of reoriented clays and organic matter (clay+OM), s-c structures, porphyroblasts microtextures, development of oblique cleavage concerning folded foliation (crenulation cleavage), and carbonates dissolution. The Santiago shale shows also evidence of brittle deformation including calcite-filled fractures and cataclastic gouges. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the clay size fraction suggests that the authigenic calcareous shale was deformed in conditions of the deep diagenetic zone (between 100 and 200°C) and fluid overpressure (>70 MPa). The results help to improve the understanding of ductile microstructure and its role in shale deformation cretaceous cover, promoting the formation of localized fault propagation folds in the overburden. This study aims to open new perspectives in the kinematics and rheology interpretations for this sector of the MFTB, highlighting the role of the décollement layers during the progression of the orogen.

Percepción del clima organizacional y cultura de seguridad en el servicio de cirugía de un hospital de emergencias nivel III-1

To determine the correlation between the perception of organizational climate and the safety culture in the surgery department of the José Casimiro Ulloa Emergency Hospital (HEJCU), a descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 100 healthcare professionals, using the ECO-S and MOSPS questionnaires, respectively. The correlation was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Of the total, 57% were men and 43% women; 62% were physicians and 38% nurses. The organizational climate was adequate (43%), at risk (40%), and inadequate (17%); the safety culture was high (14%), medium (82%), and low (4%). A significant positive correlation was found between safety culture and organizational climate (rho=0.501), organizational behavior (rho=0.477), organizational structure (rho=0.494), and management style (rho=0.474) (p<0.001). In conclusion, there is a positive correlation between organizational climate and safety culture in the surgery department of HEJCU.

Features of the Implementation of Micro-Interfaces in Information Systems

Microservices are a software development technique, or variant of the service-oriented architecture structural style, that organizes an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. The purpose of the work is to study the methodology for the design and implementation of information systems using micro-interfaces in order to improve the quality and speed of their development and facilitate their use. The article proposes a method of transforming the software system architecture from monolithic to microservice architecture. A brief review of existing architecture reengineering research has been provided and the advantages of a microservice approach have been identified. At the second stage, a transition to a modular architecture with the allocation of functionality into separate modules has been proposed. An experiment with a typical external single page application demonstrates the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Evaluation of Sedimentary Characteristics of the Chang 9 Oil Layer Formation in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

Shallow-water deltas are a subject of sedimentary research and represent a significant target for oil and gas exploration. The Yanchang Formation of the Triassic in the Ordos Basin comprises numerous shallow-water delta blocks. This paper addresses the core issues pertaining to the sedimentary facies, sedimentary characteristics and sand body distribution of the Chang 9 oil layer formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin. Guided by the relevant theories and methods of contemporary sedimentology and sedimentary geology, the reservoir characteristics are described and studied in detail through ordinary thin sections, cast thin sections, graphical representations of particle size and scanning electron microscopy experiments. The experimental results indicate that the porosity in the study area ranges from 3% to 12% and that the permeability is between 0 and 1.5 × 10−3 μm2, which is consistent with classification as an ultra-low-porosity and ultra-low-permeability reservoir. The Chang 9 sandstone is composed of feldspar sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone. The average content of quartz is low, at less than 31%, while the average content of feldspar is high, at more than 34%. The average content of rock debris is between 10% and 20%. Therefore, the compositional maturity of the Chang 9 sand body is generally low. The particle size distribution exhibits a positive deviation, indicating that the sediments in the sand body are primarily coarse-grained components. The kurtosis of the particle size–frequency curve is observed to vary from flat to very sharp. The Chang 91 lake is classified as a shore shallow lake with basin subsidence and lake transgression. The Chang 9 period saw the development of the Chang 91 sedimentary facies into a semi-deep lake–deep lake environment. The vertical structural style of the Chang 9 oil layer formation in the basin can be roughly summarized into three basic structural types: the sedimentary structures observed in the area include box-shaped upward thinning, bell-shaped upward thinning and funnel-shaped upward thickening. The delta front area in Chang 9 is notable for its size and the prevalence of underwater distributary channel microfacies. The sand body distribution is stable, with sand layer thicknesses ranging from 15 to 30 m. The evaluation and summary of the sedimentary characteristics of the Chang 9 oil layer formation provide a geological basis for future exploration and development in the study area.

2730–2670 Ma rifting triggers sagduction prior to the onset of orogenesis at ca 2650 Ma: implications for gold mineralisation, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia

The dominant structural fabric in the Eastern Goldfields is the steep north- to north-northwest-trending S2 foliation that is axial planar to upright F2 folds, developed during intense horizontal east–west shortening (D2–4 event). These structures consistently overprint D1 structures, which comprise layer-parallel S1 foliation, extensional shears, thrusts and recumbent F1 folds. The D1 event represents a separate and distinct episode of deformation with a markedly different stress regime (dominant vertical σ1), compared with the stress regime during the D2–4 events (horizontal east–west oriented σ1). There is little evidence for pre-2670 Ma ductile deformation in the Eastern Goldfields, as: (1) the ca 2730–2670 Ma greenstone sequences are deposited conformably on the older ca 2800 Ma greenstone sequences, with the first significant angular unconformities observed at the base of the post greenstone late basins; (2) a lack of schist or gneiss clasts in the late basins suggests that the surrounding uplifted sequence was largely undeformed; (3) the layer-parallel S1 foliation is observed throughout the 2720–2670 Ma greenstone sequence; and (4) the dominant low north- and south-plunges of F2 folds suggest that the sequence was predominantly flat-lying prior to strong east–west shortening (D2–4 events). The ca 2670–2655 Ma D1 event represents a period of sagduction that occurred immediately after cessation of rifting as a result of gravitational instability from deposition of dense, cold, greenstone sequences onto thinned, light, hot felsic crust. Late basins represent depocentres on the sinking greenstones during sagduction. Marked contrasts in the structural style of gold deposits, metallogeny and fluid sources, typically attributed to progressive deformation during orogenesis, could instead reflect temporally distinct mineralising events during changing tectonic regimes. In the East Yilgarn, an early plumbing system dominated by north-northwest-trending basin-controlling structures was likely established during rifting and focused fluids during multiple hydrothermal circulation events.

Imaging along-strike variability in fault structure; insights from seismic modelling of the Maghlaq Fault, Malta

Seismic modelling studies of outcrop analogues have proven a powerful method to provide a link between geology as observed at outcrop, and the interpretation of subsurface geology from seismic data. Seismic imaging of fault zones is inherently challenging, as they may be associated with steep dips, narrow zones of heterogeneously deformed rocks, and complex geometries at the limit of seismic resolution. We here investigate how along-strike variations in fault geometry and structural style are imaged in reflection seismic images, based on seismic modelling of well-exposed outcrops of the Maghlaq Fault hosted in the Miocene-Oligocene carbonate rocks in Malta. Using two-dimensional seismic modelling, selected structural cross-sections have been modelled, focusing on variations in fault- and hangingwall bed geometries, and dominant seismic signal frequency. The seismic models show great variability in resolution and, thus, level of resolved geologic detail. The modelled seismic images show that, for all signal frequencies, the fault itself is not imaged, but is manifested by terminations of footwall reflections as well as fault-related strain in the form of drag folding of hangingwall beds, in addition to fault-proximal seismic imaging artefacts. Rotated and ‘drag-folded’ hangingwall beds along the fault produces a high-amplitude fault parallel reflection bundle in the immediate hangingwall of the fault. The illumination issues that dominate in low dominant frequency seismic models are less prevalent in the higher-resolution, higher dominant frequency models. The results of this outcrop-to-seismic study offer insight to the relationship between faults and seismic images, which may improve our ability to accurately interpret faults in the subsurface form reflection seismic data.

Chiang Mai's Royal Crematorium: Siamese Influence Evident in Lanna Cremation Heritage

The Chao Luang crematorium was a temporary architecture made for the cremation and funeral of Chao Luang Chiang Mai (King of Chiang Mai). The creation of the Chao Luang crematorium reflected the social and political pressures of Siam that influenced Lanna territories during the reign of Phra Chao Inthawichayanon in 1873 till 1932 (coup d’etat), resulting in a change in the architectural style of these funeral structures. This research aims to study the architectural style changes of Chao Luang crematorium in Chiang Mai from the moment when Siam began to draw power from Lanna to the central part of the territory. The study results reveal that, originally, the funeral rites of Chao Luang followed a specific form of Lanna rituals. However, during the reign of Phra Chao Inthawichayanon, the 7th Chao Luang of Chiang Mai, new power from Siam was imposed on Lanna, which resulted in changes to the Lanna architecture and cremation traditions, aligning them more closely with Siamese traditions. Eventually, the traditional Lanna rituals were amalgamated into the style of Siam. The evolving architectural style of the Chiang Mai Royal Crematorium provides evidence of Siamese colonization’s ongoing impact on Lanna.

Gaya Komunikasi Sutradara dalam Mengarahkan Pemain dalam Film Turah

The director's communication style is an important element in the process of directing players according to the script and storyline of a film. This paper aims to describe the director's communication style in the pre-production and production stages. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques by interviewing the director and Turah's cast. The results of the study found that the director of the Turah film, Wicaksono Wisnu Legowo, used a communication style that dynamic which means that at each stage of film production, the director uses a different style. In the pre-production stage the director uses a reciprocal communication style in the preparatory sessions with the actors and a freelance communication style in the rehearsal sessions while in the production stage of the mise en scene sessions and directing the actors, the director uses a structured communication style and a dynamic communication style in the pre-take preparation sessions.

Structural styles and impact of fault subsidence in the lake fuxian basin and adjacent area

Structural styles and impact of fault subsidence in the lake fuxian basin and adjacent area

Reconstructing the Evolution of Foreland Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts Using U‐Pb Calcite Dating: An Integrated Case‐Study From the Easternmost Jura Mountains (Switzerland)

AbstractThis case‐study from the Jura Mountains in the foreland of the European Alps demonstrates how the coupling of subsurface analysis and U‐Pb carbonate dating can provide absolute timing constraints and shortening rate estimates of fold‐and‐thrust belts. It is confirmed that the initial Late Cenozoic foreland deformation driving the formation of the easternmost Jura Mountains in Switzerland was predominately thin‐skinned with contractional deformation largely restricted to the Mesozoic succession above a sub‐horizontal basal décollement. Thereby, the localization and structural style of related deformation structures was strongly guided by the characteristics of underlying Late Paleozoic half grabens. The main thin‐skinned thrust front formed at ∼12 Ma, followed by further deformation in the hinterland and locally continued foreland‐directed thrust propagation. The major deformation zones exposed at surface were established at ∼8 Ma but shortening continued until at least ∼4 Ma. Thick‐skinned contraction associated with the inversion of basement structures only played a subordinate role during the latest deformation phase after 8 Ma. Based on cumulative shortening values derived from balanced cross sections, our U‐Pb ages of syn‐tectonic calcite slickenfibres allow to estimate thin‐skinned deformation rates for the easternmost Jura Mountains between ∼0.9 and ∼0.1 mm/year, decreasing toward the eastern tip of the arcuate belt. Moreover, deformation rates seemingly decreased over time with rates of initial thin‐skinned thrusting being significantly higher than the later deformation north of the main thrust front. These new findings from a classical foreland setting highlight the potential of integrating U‐Pb dating in regional fold‐and‐thrust belt investigations elsewhere.