Structure Mechanism Research Articles

Segmentation of liver CT images based on weighted medical transformer model.

Deep convolutional neural networks have made significant strides in the field of medical image segmentation. Although existing convolutional structures enhance performance by leveraging local image information, they often lose the interdependence information between contexts. Therefore, the article utilizes the multi-attention mechanism of the Transformer structure to more comprehensively express relationships between contexts and introduced the Transformer network architecture into the field of medical image segmentation. Most models based on this Transformer structure typically require large datasets for training. However, in the medical field, the limited size of datasets makes training models with the Transformer structure challenging. To address this, the article propose a Weighted Medical Transformer (WMT) model that imposes low requirements on dataset quantity. The weighting mechanism in the WMT model aims to improve the issue of inaccurate relative positional coding when dealing with small medical datasets. Additionally, a coarse-grained and fine-grained segmentation mechanism is introduced, focusing on both the detailed aspects within image blocks and the boundary information connecting blocks. Experimental results on a liver dataset demonstrate that the model achieves F1 and IoU scores of 88.48% and 79.41%, respectively. Results on the MoNuSeg dataset show comparable high F1 and IoU scores of 79.58% and 66.19%, respectively. The model's accuracy surpasses that of U-Net++ and U-Net models. Compared to other models, this approach is applicable to scenarios with limited datasets, exhibiting high execution efficiency and accuracy.

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating on X80 Steel and Its Corrosion Resistance in Oilfield Produced Water.

Corrosion is an unavoidable issue that steel encounters during service; however, the generic methods employed for corrosion prevention often need high cost or preparation conditions. In this study, a facile chemical replacement deposition method was proposed to realize an anticorrosion superhydrophobic coating on a X80 steel surface. The growth mechanism of the rough structure and its impact on the wettability of the superhydrophobic coating were analyzed. The superhydrophobic coating, deposited for 50 s and modified for 30 min, achieved optimal electrochemical properties and a maximum water contact angle. The immersion test, in the saturated CO2 oilfield produced water, demonstrated the better corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic coating than X80 steel. Correspondingly, a kinetic corrosion model was established to analyze the anticorrosion mechanism. In summary, this method significantly improves the corrosion resistance of X80 steel and is attractive for other industrial fields.

Structural and Cognitive Mechanisms of Group Cohesion in Primates.

Group-living creates stresses that, all else equal, naturally lead to group fragmentation, and hence loss of the benefits that group-living provides. How species that live in large stable groups counteract these forces is not well understood. I use comparative data on grooming networks and cognitive abilities in primates to show that living in large, stable groups has involved a series of structural solutions designed to create chains of 'friendship' (friends-of-friends effects), increased investment in bonding behaviours (made possible by dietary adjustments) to ensure that coalitions work effectively, and neuronally expensive cognitive skills of the kind known to underpin social relationships in humans. The first ensures that individuals synchronise their activity cycles; the second allows the stresses created by group-living to be defused; and the third allows a large number of weak ties to be managed. Between them, these create a form of multilevel sociality based on strong versus weak ties similar to that found in human social networks. In primates, these strategies appear successively at quite specific group sizes, suggesting that they are solutions to 'glass ceilings' that would otherwise limit the range of group sizes that animals can live in (and hence the habitats they can occupy). This sequence maps closely onto the grades now known to underpin the Social Brain Hypothesis and the fractal pattern that is known to optimise information flow round networks.

Shifts in structure and dynamics of the soil microbiome in biofuel/fuel blend-affected areas triggered by different bioremediation treatments.

The use of biofuels has grown in the last decades as a consequence of the direct environmental impacts of fossil fuel use. Elucidating structure, diversity, species interactions, and assembly mechanisms of microbiomes is crucial for understanding the influence of environmental disturbances. However, little is known about how contamination with biofuel/petrofuel blends alters the soil microbiome. Here, we studied the dynamics in the soil microbiome structure and composition of four field areas under long-term contamination with biofuel/fossil fuel blends (ethanol 10% and gasoline 90%-E10; ethanol 25% and gasoline 75%-E25; soybean biodiesel 20% and diesel 80%-B20) submitted to different bioremediation treatments along a temporal gradient. Soil microbiomes from biodiesel-polluted areas exhibited higher richness and diversity index values and more complex microbial communities than ethanol-polluted areas. Additionally, monitored natural attenuation B20-polluted areas were less affected by perturbations caused by bioremediation treatments. As a consequence, once biostimulation was applied, the degradation was slower compared with areas previously actively treated. In soils with low diversity and richness, the impact of bioremediation treatments on the microbiomes was greater, and as a result, the hydrocarbon degradation extent was higher. The network analysis showed that all abundant keystone taxa corresponded to well-known degraders, suggesting that the abundant species are core targets for biostimulation in soil remediation processes. Altogether, these findings showed that the knowledge gained through the study of microbiomes in contaminated areas may help design and conduct optimized bioremediation approaches, paving the way for future rationalized and efficient pollutant mitigation strategies.

Reperkusije petooktobarskih promena 2000. godine u svetlu dokumenata, memoara i svedočenja

Drawing upon documents, memoirs, testimonies, and scholarly literature, this study elucidates the dynamics underlying the October 5th alterations in 2000 within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. „The Fifth October“ refers to a sudden shift in political authority driven by compounded socio-political, economic, and societal tensions, alongside external influences. These multifaceted political and security upheavals, culminating on October 5, 2000, exhibited characteristics akin to a „colored revolution“, signifying a change in power dynamics without altering the prevailing political structure or formal power mechanisms. While temporal detachment affords a more impartial inquiry, the analysis contends with entrenched political narratives, oscillating between glorification and complete denial of the significance of October 5th.

The Structural and Molecular Mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Translational Elongation Factor Proteins.

Targeting translation factor proteins holds promise for developing innovative anti-tuberculosis drugs. During protein translation, many factors cause ribosomes to stall at messenger RNA (mRNA). To maintain protein homeostasis, bacteria have evolved various ribosome rescue mechanisms, including the predominant trans-translation process, to release stalled ribosomes and remove aberrant mRNAs. The rescue systems require the participation of translation elongation factor proteins (EFs) and are essential for bacterial physiology and reproduction. However, they disappear during eukaryotic evolution, which makes the essential proteins and translation elongation factors promising antimicrobial drug targets. Here, we review the structural and molecular mechanisms of the translation elongation factors EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G, which play essential roles in the normal translation and ribosome rescue mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We also briefly describe the structure-based, computer-assisted study of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Experimental Study on Compression Failure of Type II Ballastless Track Slab Based on Optical Fiber Sensing

Ballastless track structures are widely employed in high-speed rail networks because of their superior safety and durability. Among the various types of ballastless track, the Type II slab is currently one of the most extensively used and mature technologies in practice. Over the course of its service life, the damage within the ballastless track structure gradually accumulates in response to increased external loads. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor the health condition of the track structure. In this study, a quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing system is adopted to monitor the deformation capacity and force performance of a Type II ballastless track slab under vertical load. The investigation aims to analyze the damage mechanism of the track structure under vertical pressure by assessing the deformation differences among its different components. The findings reveal that the incorporation of vertical reinforcement can enhance the pressure bearing capacity of the cement asphalt mortar layer to a certain extent, subsequently affecting the stress dilation. The stress performance of the ballastless track slab can be effectively monitored using the quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing technology under pressure. The outcomes of this research offer valuable insights for controlling displacement and analyzing damage in ballastless railway systems subjected to compression.

Evolution of flow structure and heat transfer enhancement mechanism in impinging jets excited by piezoelectric fan

While jet impingement is recognized for significantly enhancing local convective heat transfer, there remains a considerable challenge in further improving its heat transfer performance and uniformity to meet the growing demand for efficient heat transfer. To address this challenge, this study proposes a method that integrates a piezoelectric fan into a continuous jet, taking advantage of the piezoelectric fan's vibration to deliver pulsating excitation to jet impingement while preserving its continuity. An experimental study is performed to identify the roles of piezo-fan integration on improving convective heat transfer from a continuous circular jet onto a flat target surface. The tests are performed under Rej=2,500∼7,500 (circular jet), s/d = 2∼28 (non-dimensional fan-to-jet distance) and L/d = 2∼8 (non-dimensional jet-to-target distance). In addition, few numerical simulations regarding the flow fields are also made to illustrate the mutual interaction mechanism between piezo-fan and continuous jet. The findings reveal that, in the longitudinal configuration, the average values of heat transfer enhancement factor (χ) and heat transfer uniformity factor (ξ) are approximately 13% and 0.5% higher, respectively, compared to the transverse configuration. In the longitudinal arrangement, the significance of the piezoelectric fan amplifies as the circular nozzle gradually distances itself from the target surface. This fan assumes a pivotal role in augmenting both the uniformity and efficiency of heat transfer associated with the circular jet. Conversely, when the piezoelectric fan moves beyond a specific s/d value (s/d = 10), the interaction between intermittent flow and the wall-jet experiences complete cessation. Despite the existence of a fountain effect resulting from the interaction between the piezoelectric fan and the circular jet in the longitudinal configuration, its discernible impact on overall heat transfer attenuation is minimal. The insights gained from this study will be valuable in improving active strategies for jet impingement and promoting the development of piezoelectric functional devices.

Machine learning models for diagnosis of essential tremor and dystonic tremor using grey matter morphological networks

BackgroundEssential tremor (ET) and dystonic tremor (DT) are the two most common tremor disorders, and misdiagnoses are very common due to similar tremor symptoms. In this study, we explore the structural network mechanisms of ET and DT using brain grey matter (GM) morphological networks and combine those with machine learning models. Methods3D-T1 structural images of 75 ET patients, 71 DT patients, and 79 healthy controls (HCs) were acquired. We used voxel-based morphometry to obtain GM images and constructed GM morphological networks based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence-based similarity (KLS) method. We used the GM volumes, morphological relations, and global topological properties of GM-KLS morphological networks as input features. We employed three classifiers to perform the classification tasks. Moreover, we conducted correlation analysis between discriminative features and clinical characteristics. Results16 morphological relations features and 1 global topological metric were identified as the discriminative features, and mainly involved the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits and the basal ganglia area. The Random Forest (RF) classifier achieved the best classification performance in the three-classification task, achieving a mean accuracy (mACC) of 78.7%, and was subsequently used for binary classification tasks. Specifically, the RF classifier demonstrated strong classification performance in distinguishing ET vs. HCs, ET vs. DT, and DT vs. HCs, with mACCs of 83.0 %, 95.2 %, and 89.3 %, respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated that four discriminative features were significantly associated with the clinical characteristics. ConclusionThis study offers new insights into the structural network mechanisms of ET and DT. It demonstrates the effectiveness of combining GM-KLS morphological networks with machine learning models in distinguishing between ET, DT, and HCs.

Study on the mechanical properties of a viscoelastic self-centering brace with rotational displacement amplification and its application in RC frames

This paper introduces a novel viscoelastic self-centering brace with a rotational displacement amplification function (VSB-RA), developed to address the issue of limited energy dissipation in traditional self-centering braces. The basic structure and working mechanism of the VSB-RA are detailed. Low-cycle reciprocating loading tests were performed on two types of VSB-RA specimens with different initial amplification angles, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted on their bearing capacity, energy dissipation performance, self-centering capability, and frequency correlation. A refined finite element model was developed in ABAQUS software to simulate the complete test loading process. Nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is then performed on an 8-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure with the VSB-RAs using different initial amplification angles. The results demonstrate that the hysteresis curves of the VSB-RA exhibit distinct flag-shaped characteristics and excellent self-centering performance, and its energy dissipation capacity increases exponentially with the decrease of the initial amplification angle. The numerical simulation results of the hysteresis curves align well with experimental findings. The inter-story drift, residual inter-story drift, floor acceleration, and base shear force are effectively controlled in the VSB-RA frame structures compared to the uncontrolled structure. Under rare earthquake actions, the base shear forces of the structure are reduced by 27.2 %, 27.9 %, and 30.7 % at initial amplification angles of 45°, 37.5°, and 30°, respectively.

Exploring the Structural Plasticity Mechanism of Corticospinal Tract during Stroke Rehabilitation Based Automated Fiber Quantification Tractography.

Corticospinal tract (CST) is the principal motor pathway; we aim to explore the structural plasticity mechanism in CST during stroke rehabilitation. A total of 25 patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging before rehabilitation (T1), 1-month post-rehabilitation (T2), 2 months post-rehabilitation (T3), and 1-year post-discharge (T4). The CST was segmented, and fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were determined using automated fiber quantification tractography. Baseline level of laterality index (LI) and motor function for correlation analysis. The FA values of all segments in the ipsilesional CST (IL-CST) were lower compared with normal CST. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed time-related effects on FA, AD, and MD of the IL-CST, and there were similar dynamic trends in these 3 parameters. At T1, FA, AD, and MD values of the mid-upper segments of IL-CST (around the core lesions) were the lowest; at T2 and T3, values for the mid-lower segments were lower than those at T1, while the values for the mid-upper segments gradually increased; at T4, the values for almost entire IL-CST were higher than before. The highest LI was observed at T2, with a predominance in contralesional CST. The LIs for the FA and AD at T1 were positively correlated with the change rate of motor function. IL-CST showed aggravation followed by improvement from around the lesion to the distal end. Balance of interhemispheric CST may be closely related to motor function, and LIs for FA and AD may have predictive value for mild-to-moderate stroke rehabilitation. Clinical Trial Registration. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique Identifier: ChiCTR1800019474.

Associations between accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm, brain structural and genetic mechanisms, and dementia.

Knowledge of how circadian rhythm influences brain health remains limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm (CRAR) with incident dementia, cognitive dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities in the general population and underlying biological mechanisms. Fifty-seven thousand five hundred and two participants aged over 60 years with accelerometer data were included to investigate the association of CRAR with incidental dementia. Non-parametric CRAR parameters were utilized, including activity level during active periods of the day (M10), activity level during rest periods of the day (L5), and the relative difference between the M10 and L5 (relative amplitude, RA). Associations of CRAR with cognitive dysfunction and brain structure were studied in a subset of participants. Neuroimaging-transcriptomics analysis was utilized to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Over 6.86 (4.94-8.78) years of follow-up, 494 participants developed dementia. The risk of incident dementia was associated with decreasing M10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45; 95% conference interval [CI], 1.28-1.64) and RA (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28-1.64), increasing L5 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and advanced L5 onset time (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23). The detrimental associations were exacerbated by APOE ε4 status and age (>65 years). Decreased RA was associated with lower processing speed (Beta -0.04; SE 0.011), predominantly mediated by abnormalities in subcortical regions and white matter microstructure. The genes underlying CRAR-related brain regional structure variation were enriched for synaptic function. Our study underscores the potential of intervention targeting at maintaining a healthy CRAR pattern to prevent dementia risk.

MOF-based probes for total content detection of Ca2+/Sr2+----Regulating detection performance indicators of probes via "paramagnetic/diamagnetic heterometallic probes" strategy

Probes based on luminescence metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) have been extensively investigated. Although many of the probes can detect multiple analytes individually, it has not been reported that the probes can detect the total content of multiple analytes simultaneously. Herein a series of isostructural MOFs ([MgxMn1-x(L1)(DMSO)2]) were constructed via a strategy utilizing paramagnetic/diamagnetic heterometallic probes, which can be used for detecting Ca2+/Sr2+ individually or simultaneously without discrimination through a structural transformation mechanism. In-depth investigations reveal that probes involving such mechanism possess distinct advantages in total content detection, and one noteworthy characteristic of the probes is they exhibit similar working curves for different detectable analytes. By adjusting the ratio of paramagnetic/diamagnetic metal ions in the probes, their detection performance indicators can be precisely regulated. This work not only develops a new strategy for the customization of probe with specific performance indicators, but also opens up fresh opportunities to construct probes for total content detection.

Research on the regulatory mechanism of pore structure in soil matrix prepared by fluidized bed calcination of coal gangue

As a bulk industrial solid waste, coal gangue has caused serious pollution to the environment, and its application in the field of soil amendments has been widely studied, but the mechanism of pore structure regulation of coal gangue as soil substrate has not been reported in the literature. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue are analyzed, and its particle size, element content, and occurrence state are defined. The regulation mechanism of pores and pores in preparing matrix soil with coal gangue is revealed, and an efficient and energy-saving fluidizing activation technology is proposed to prepare active matrix soil. The results show that matrix soil with optimal pore structure can be obtained by fluidized bed calcination at 700 °C for 15 min, with a porosity of 55.0 %, volumetric water content of 28.7 %, and gas phase rate of 24.8 %. The technology also removes carbon, which is prone to natural fires, and fixes sulfur, which is good for plant growth. The formation and regulation mechanism of pores structure of soil matrix prepared by fluidized calcination of coal gangue is as follows: The oxidation reaction of carbon and the decomposition of minerals in coal gangue will form pore structures. Adjusting the reaction temperature and time, controlling the rate of carbon oxidation reaction, and the rate of mineral decomposition can achieve the goal of regulating the pore structure. Large pores with a pore size greater than 0.03 mm are formed by the oxidation of carbon and the decomposition of kaolinite. The pores with a diameter of 0.0001–0.03 mm are formed by the overflow of carbon dioxide gas, which is generated by the oxidation reaction of carbon embedded in coal gangue particles and the decomposition of calcium carbonate. The results of this study will provide technical and theoretical support for promoting the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and improving environmental protection.

An effective secondary suspension system for isolating the high-frequency vibrations of suspended monorail vehicle running on a flexible track beam

ABSTRACT Secondary suspension system is a core component of a suspended monorail vehicle (SMV), which plays a vital role in suppressing the car-body vibrations. This article aims to investigate the vibration isolation performance of an external secondary system (ESSS) for the SMV. Firstly, the structural features and mechanical mechanism of the ESSS are elaborated, which are compared with those of an existing internal secondary suspension system (ISSS) in the SMV. Then, an effective analysis method for the vehicle-track beam interaction of the suspended monorail system (SMS) is established based on the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics theory, in which the main modal information of the track beam is considered. Furtherly, applying the established analysis method, the vehicle-track beam vibrational responses between the ISSS and ESSS are compared under the local irregularity of beam-end junction and random track irregularity, and the superiorities of adopting the ESSS are revealed. Finally, by comprehensively considering the vehicle-track beam vibrational responses, several crucial parameters of the ESSS are selected appropriately. Results show that the ESSS has a significant advantage in isolating the high-frequency vibrations of the SMV compared with the existing used ISSS; simultaneously, it could also effectively decrease the track beam vibration. To guarantee good vehicle riding comfort, the vertical stiffness and damping with the ESSS are recommended to be 0.05∼0.2 MN/m and 10∼30 kN·s/m, respectively. Highlights ➢ Structural features and mechanical mechanisms of an effective ESSS for the SMV are introduced. ➢ A high-efficiency analysis method for vehicle-track beam interaction of the SMS is established. ➢ By a comparison with the commonly used IEEE, the advantages and significance of the ESSS are revealed ➢ Several crucial design parameters of the SMV with ESSS are selected appropriately.

Why comparing matters – on case comparisons in organic chemistry

When working with domain-specific representations such as structural molecular representations and reaction mechanisms, learners need to be engaged in multiple cognitive operations, from attending to relevant areas of representations, linking implicit information to structural features, and making meaningful connections between information and reaction processes. For these processes, appropriate instruction, such as a clever task design, becomes a crucial factor for successful learning. Chemistry learning, and especially organic chemistry, merely addressed meaningful task design in classes, often using more reproduction-oriented predict-the-product tasks. In recent years, rethinking task design has become a major focus for instructional design in chemistry education research. Thus, this perspective aims to illustrate the theoretical underpinning of comparing cases from different perspectives, such as the structure-mapping theory, the cognitive load theory, and the variation theory, and outlines, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, how instructors can support their students. Variations of this task design in the chemistry classroom and recommendations for teaching with case comparisons based on current state-of-the-art evidence from research studies in chemistry education research are provided.

Promising membrane photobioreactor for continuous flow treatment of Low C/N wastewater: Treating process, community structure, and cooperation mechanism

Low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) wastewater treatment is an emerging issue for conventional treatment technologies. To achieve this goal, a novel membrane photobioreactor (MPBR), integrating microalgae consortium (MC) and activated sludge (AS) phases, was investigated. The separation of the MC and AS phases could improve the removal of pollutants in low C/N wastewater, which could achieve the rapid denitrogenation through NH4+-N assimilation in MC phase, and effectively reduce organic matter concentration in AS phase, resulting in better nutrient recovery, lower costs, and stable pH. The results in phase I showed that the pollutants, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP), met the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838–2002) by MPBR. The AS phase with low DO, which could enrich heterotrophic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes vadinHA17, Spirochaeta and Ahniella) and nitrogen cycling bacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium, Bacillus and Ellin6067), could promote the removal of COD and NO3--N in the continuous effluent. Based on the co-occurrence pattern analysis, the main influencing factor of MC and AS phases was the reduction of COD, which also illustrated the synergistic removal of organic matter by the cooperative interaction of microalgae and heterotrophic bacteria. From a genetic perspective, the internal circulation mode also enhanced microbial nitrogen metabolism in the MPBRs, with higher abundances of nitrification- and denitrification-related functional genes in the MC phase, and higher abundances of nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and denitrification genes in the AS phase. This study provided an experimental and theoretical basis for MPBR in low-C/N wastewater treatment.

My Body Under Capitalism

This creative-critical personal essay unpacks the structural mechanisms and invisible biases that allow gendered violence and the whore stigma to flourish. I embody my role as unsympathetic victim-survivor of sexual assault, refusing to conform to societal pressures around virtue and propriety. Resisting the temptation to point the finger at any one perpetrator, I explore the co-option of women’s bodies and my demons with a subversive literary arsenal, using humor, volatility and disruption as weapons. This essay-in-fragments explores consent culture, objectification and the commodification of my body as I engage in transactional sex and sex for pleasure, with an aim to subvert expectations around sex workers, who are often accused of “asking for” rape.

Cleavage-independent activation of ancient eukaryotic gasdermins and structural mechanisms.

Gasdermins (GSDMs) are pore-forming proteins that execute pyroptosis for immune defense. GSDMs are two-domain proteins, activated by proteolytic removal of the inhibitory domain. Here we report two types of cleavage-independent GSDM activation. First, TrichoGSDM, a pore-forming-domain-only protein from the basal metazoan Trichoplax adhaerens, is a disulfides-linked autoinhibited dimer, activated by reduction of the disulfides. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure illustrates assembly mechanism for the 44-mer TrichoGSDM pore. Second, RCD-1-1/RCD-1-2, encoded by polymorphic rcd-1 in filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, are also pore-forming-domain-only GSDMs. RCD-1-1 and RCD-1-2, when encountering each other, form pores and cause pyroptosis, underlying allorecognition in Neurospora. Cryo-EM structure reveals a pore of 11 RCD-1-1/RCD-1-2 heterodimers and heterodimerization-triggered pore assembly mechanism. This study shows mechanistic diversities in GSDM activation and indicates versatile functions of GSDMs.

Structural basis of Zika virus NS1 multimerization and human antibody recognition

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family along with the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4). The recent global outbreaks of contemporary ZIKV strains demonstrated that infection can lead to neurological sequelae in adults and severe abnormalities in newborns that were previously unreported with ancestral strains. As such, there remains an unmet need for efficacious vaccines and antiviral agents against ZIKV. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from the infected cell and is thought to be associated with disease severity besides its proven usefulness for differential diagnoses. However, its physiologically relevant structure and pathogenesis mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present high-resolution cryoEM structures of ZIKV recombinant secreted NS1 (rsNS1) and its complexes with three human monoclonal antibodies (AA12, EB9, GB5), as well as evidence for ZIKV infection-derived secreted NS1 (isNS1) binding to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). We show that ZIKV rsNS1 forms tetramers and filamentous repeats of tetramers. We also observed that antibody binding did not disrupt the ZIKV NS1 tetramers as they bound to the wing and connector subdomain of the β-ladder. Our study reveals new insights into NS1 multimerization, highlights the need to distinguish the polymorphic nature of rsNS1 and isNS1, and expands the mechanistic basis of the protection conferred by antibodies targeting NS1.