Structural-functional Approaches Research Articles

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the mediator complex subunits MED5a and MED5b genes impaired secondary metabolite accumulation in hop (Humulus lupulus)

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an important commercial crop known for the biosynthesis of valuable specialized secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands), which are used for the brewing industry. To achieve burgeoning market demands is the essentiality of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in hop. Over the past year, several studies using structural biology and functional genomics approaches have shown that Mediator (MED) serves as an integrative hub for RNAP II-mediated transcriptional regulation of various physiological and cellular processes, including involvement of MED5a and MED5b in hyperaccumulation of phenylpropanoid in A. thaliana. In the present work, an unprecedented attempt was made to generate Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant lines in hop using a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system. The Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant lines showed reduced expression of structural genes of the flavonoid, humulone, and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, which was more pronounced in the lupulin gland compared to leaf tissue and was consistent with their reduced accumulation. Phenotypic and anatomical observations revealed that Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant line exhibited robust growth, earlier flowering, earlier cone maturity, reduced cone size, variations in floral structure patterns, and distorted lupulin glands without any remarkable changes in leaf morphology, intensity of leaf color, and chlorophyll content. Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf and lupulin gland tissues indicates that the expression of enzymatic genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis, floral organs, flowering time, and trichome development, including other genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism and defense mechanisms, were differentially modulated in the Hlmed5a/med5b lines. The combined results from functional and transcriptomic analyses illuminates the pivotal function of HlMED5a and HlMED5b in homeostasis of secondary meatbolites accumulation in hop.

КОЛЛАБОРАЦИЯ МОДЫ И НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ДИЗАЙНЕ ОДЕЖДЫ

Modern fashion is a zone of influence of the active development of science and technology, embodying the ideas of descience in the creativity of modern designers and contributing to its development. The object of the study is the components of the collaboration of fashion and science as a key trend in modern fashion design – innovation and environmental friendliness. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, the system method, comparative and structural-functional approaches, the idea of developing a synthesis of science and fashion. As a result of the research, the author comes to conclusions about the transformation of the human worldview under the influence of the collaboration of science and fashion: along with concern for bodily comfort and attraction to new opportunities when using digital clothing, a person begins to strive for material awareness. Scientific developments make it possible to create new materials, each of which allows designers to embody them in products that affect a change in worldview and allow them to create revolutionary inventions in the technologies of creating clothing and innovative textiles: eco-techno textiles, 3D printing, nanotechnology, electronic textiles, smart materials

The Game as an Ontological Practice

The ontological status of the game, according to the authors, today needs a particularly thorough analysis, and traditional approaches to game research require a deeper methodological justification. The growing importance of game culture in modern social dynamics sharply raises questions about the essence of games, to which the previous paradigm, based on an activity approach, did not give clear answers. The hypothesis of the study is that the game is one of the oldest ontological practices and serves to identify the ethical, semantic, existential boundaries of certain everyday situations in which a person develops acceptable or possible behavioral strategies for himself. In this status, game is comparable to ritual and performs similar functions in social dynamics. The study used phenomenological and systemic methods with elements of the structural-functional approach and the method of logical reconstruction, as an auxiliary toolkit of sociological research was used, in particular, the focus group method. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that modern computer, virtual games act as tools for self-knowledge for users, and also serve to mark socially acceptable and unacceptable behavior patterns. Social reality plays a double role here. On the one hand, it forms a dichotomous relationship with virtual reality, which allows the player to form their own ethical principles related to behavior in various environments. On the other hand, social reality is a source for game plots, implicitly offering the player to treat it contemplatively and detachedly. Thus, the study revealed a new socio-cultural significance of the game in social and personal development. The proposed methodology for the interpretation of games is a universal method, with the help of which previously difficult to resolve issues, in particular, the phenomenon of ludomania, can be clearly verified.

Причины социально-трудовых конфликтов в подразделениях противопожарной службы

The article reveals the problem of social and labor conflicts in the units of the fire service. The theoretical basis of the study was the classical postulates on the nature of social contradictions and the role of conflicts in everyday practices of the service team, proposed within the structural-functional approach by G. Simmel and R. Darendorff. The article is based on the results of the author's study of social and labor conflicts in one of the fire and rescue units of Saratov region. The paper analyzed the problems that provoke social and labor conflicts, such as: living conditions at work (poorly functioning common areas, lack of sufficient sleeping space, problems with maintaining a comfortable temperature in the rooms); unfair distribution of uniforms, means of personal consumption; poor material provision of the unit (broken equipment, insufficient provision of protective equipment); shifting responsibility for equipment repair from unit management to staffand civilian personnel, inconsistency of assignments with job duties; unfair distribution of workload; violation of safety requirements when fighting fires; ignorance of rules necessary for fire and rescue work; non-compliance with work and rest regimes; low level of discipline; personal animosity; team leadership style (yelling, disrespectful attitude, rudeness of the superiors towards the subordinates); psychological incompatibility in the guardhouse; constant stressful situations in the workplace; different perceptions of their work on the part of young and middle-aged and older staff; the nature of the staff; the use of property and equipment by other units in fire and rescue work (breakage, loss). In the course of the questionnaire survey and the results of the interview the author found out the main reasons of the conflict situations inside the guard-house, marked the problem areas potentially able to raise the latent situation of dissatisfaction of the personnel to the level of open conflict.

William Luther Pierce’s The Turner Diaries on Neo-Nazi Violence Language Usage in Social Media Propaganda “Unite The Right” Rally

The US has a long history of revolution where the ideological and cultural systems are deep rooted in the people. Apart from its democratic system, the country is also full of conservative ideology of racism, where one of them is Neo Nazi. This article employs in-depth method using Structural-Functional Approach to describing how neo-Nazi compiling their power as a group, Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze how William Luther Pierce’s The Turner Diaries can make impact of the movement, and Neo-Nazi as a white supremacy ideology based on post-nationalism concept showed that the similar norms and perspective in different countries can lead to unity and integration as well as omit borders from Germany to the United States. Moreover, factors of language and government system can also intensify of the method result. From the confederation and The Turner Diaries, the ideas of white supremacy were disseminated and manifested through the parade and Jason Kessler’s propaganda in social media towards the campaign of anti-Jewish, Asian, and black people. All the factors matter for the neo-Nazi movement to run the rally and the fuel for defending their identity.

Trends in the provision of corporate resources to industrial enterprises in the conditions of the mobilization economy

The purpose of the article. The research conducted by the author of the article is aimed at identifying key approaches to the formation of modern corporate resources at industrial enterprises in order to ensure the functioning of critical infrastructure in a mobilization economy. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research being carried out was made up of private scientific and general scientific methods, techniques, technologies and approaches, among which it is necessary to distinguish systemic and structural-functional approaches to determine the structure of critical infrastructure and the interaction of structural elements, situational approach to identify spatio-temporal factors affecting the functioning of systems, economic-mathematical and statistical methods to identify the current state the level of security of industrial enterprises with corporate resources. Results. The author of the article suggests the main approaches and directions of providing industrial enterprises with corporate resources in the conditions of the mobilization economy. Conclusions. The recommendations formed by the author of the article and the selected approaches will ensure the functioning of the critical infrastructure of enterprises in the conditions of the mobilization economy. Application. The results obtained by the author of the study can be used in the process of providing business structures with corporate resources that meet modern requirements in a mobilization economy.

The Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and Political Parties: institutional and political mechanisms of interaction (1991-1999)

The subject of the study is the process of transformation of the structures of the Presidential apparatus responsible for ensuring a continuous dialogue between the head of state and parliamentary parties and movements, most of which in the 1990s were adjacent to the opposition camp. The purpose of the work is to identify the key factors that influenced the formation and further diversification of departments of the presidential administration interacting with the Russian party-political spectrum in the crisis situation of the 1990s, based on the use of various sources (normative legal acts, analytical materials of political journalism, electronic resources). Problem-chronological, formal-legal, institutional, systemic and structural-functional approaches are used as the main methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the almost complete absence of works examining the history of the formation and evolution of the Presidential Administration from the angle of the impact of the party-political and electoral factor on this institution. In the course of the conducted research, it was possible to establish that interaction with socio-political associations was not the main activity of the Presidential Administration in the 1990s. Only after the restoration of the Communist Party, as well as the election of the opposition Duma (1993), a department appeared in the Presidential Administration that oversaw interaction with the new parliamentary fronde. The main task of this structural unit (despite the frequent change of names, numbers and responsibilities) was its participation in the implementation of a common strategy for the political containment of anti-presidential (anti-communist, anti-reformist) forces in a crisis situation. At the same time, the activities of the department for working with parties in the context of the general anti-communist strategy of the 1990s were of an auxiliary (technological) nature, while the main political issues were resolved by the first persons of the opposing sides at a personal (behind-the-scenes-informal) level.

SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS AND FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATUS

At present, the Russian economy is faced with the task of ensuring the innovative development of the country in the face of limited access to foreign resources. This task should be solved with the help of joint efforts of the state and business. One of the instruments of such cooperation is public-private partnership.
 The goal is a comprehensive analysis of the state of public-private partnership in the Russian Federation and the development of recommendations for its further development.
 Methodology of work: methods of analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural-functional approaches, comparison method, statistical method, formal-legal method, generalization method.
 Results: it was determined that the deep introduction of public-private partnership in the field of innovation will have a positive impact on the implementation of the strategic national development goals of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is necessary to expand the list of used forms of public-private partnership
 Scope of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of promising ways and proposals for their solution, which can be used to improve public-private partnerships in innovation.

Gender Perspective in UN Police Peacekeeping

Despite the upsurge in conflicts at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries and the increase in peacekeeping activities, women’s participation in peacekeeping operations has been the exception to the rule rather than the standard practice. However, the UN has focused on the negative and disproportional impact of internal armed conflicts on women and children. For the past two decades, the UN has been working to incorporate a gender perspective into the peacekeeping architecture. The starting point was UN Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted in 2000, which fully recognized the importance of the gender perspective in peace and security. The UN’s further systematic actions in this direction have changed the simplistic view of women as victims of internal armed conflicts and have recognized them as active contributors to peace and security. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively examine the current state of the international community’s commitment to women, peace and security in order to fill the existing theoretical gaps and find further ways to enhance the role of women in peace and security activities. The study is based on interdisciplinary, historical and structural-functional approaches, and uses content analysis of official UN documents and data, analytical reports of international organizations, relevant scientific materials and publications. The authors conclude that UNSCR 1325 (2000) initiated a major shift in UN peacekeeping in the context of a large-scale “Women, Peace and Security” agenda and has led to new approaches to women’s participation in all stages of peace processes. Women’s active and equal participation in peace negotiations and the implementation of political decisions has become an important factor in strengthening peace and security. Moreover, the UN’s current activities are not limited to women’s participation in peacekeeping. In addition to changes in the planning and staffing of peacekeeping operations, the UN has also taken steps to address less visible behavioral issues, including the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence, as well as the professional skills of peacekeeping personnel. At the same time, the increase in the number of women in the military and police components of UN missions has raised some international concerns about the potential masculinization of female peacekeepers.

International Negotiations in the Digital Age

The digital revolution has a significant impact on world politics, including the practice of international negotiations and diplomacy, which, being extremely conservative areas of human activity, still have to adapt to the new digital reality conditions. The practice of digital diplomacy, which involves using social networks to interact with a wide international audience, is becoming widespread. New diplomacy formats are emerging that focused on working with big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. This study explores the impact of the digital revolution on the practice of international negotiations. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the structural-functional approach, according to which international negotiations act as a structural element of diplomacy and foreign policy. At the same time, the authors single out the invariants of negotiations, which include the stages of international negotiations - preparation phase, discussions and implementation of the results of negotiations. The digital revolution is changing the nature of international negotiations, creating new opportunities for negotiation tactics, as well as new challenges, primarily related to information security and confidentiality. In addition, the development of digital technologies produces new subject areas of international negotiations that focus on Internet regulation, information security and other digital society problems, and contributes to the emergence and development of new international negotiations formats - multistakeholder negotiations and online remote negotiations. The authors conclude that the main negotiation invariants remain the same. However, digital technologies are transforming the available negotiating tools and tactics. Under these conditions, new knowledge and competencies are in demand among diplomats, in particular, in the field of data management and information security.

Forming of the personnel potential of higher education and science in conditions of external constraints

Introduction. In the structure of the total social potential, the basic role is assigned to the personnel potential, in the formation of which the social institutions of science and education take part. External restrictions caused by the spread of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 have led to the need for major changes in the existing system of training young research personnel.Purpose setting. To overcome the external constraints that have arisen, a number of recommendations have been promptly developed and a set of measures has been introduced to improve the quality of education and the attractiveness of the scientific and educational sector for young professionals, but at the same time, the technology for evaluating the effectiveness of the measures taken has not been fully developed. The purpose of the work is to identify the result of the measures taken and to identify the main contradictions that hinder the increase in the attractiveness of scientific and educational activities for graduates of higher educational institutions in the face of external restrictions.Methodology and methods of the study. The work uses sociocultural and structural-functional approaches, which made it possible to determine the potential vector and form of national universities development in the context of globalization under the influence of external constraints. The empirical base of the study was data obtained by using sociological methods in the course of the annual study of the employment trajectories of graduates of the Novosibirsk National Research State University.Results. It is shown that the measures and recommendations taken involve a number of actions not only at the federal level, but also at the level of universities, including tactics and strategy. An analysis of empirical data obtained in the framework of sociological studies of the labor preferences of graduates showed an increase in the interest of young professionals in the public sector of science and education during the lockdown period. With the removal of restrictions, the percentage of young researchers involved in science is reduced, while in the field of education the dynamics remain positive.Conclusion. As part of the lockdown, the measures taken were sufficiently effective to allow the domestic higher school to successfully localize and continue its activities in the national educational space.

Functioning features of industrial enterprises and complexes in modern economic conditions: structural changes and industrial development prospects

The article presents an analysis that contains functioning features of industrial enterprises and complexes in the conditions of transformation of their activities caused by the fourth industrial revolution. The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of structural changes in industry and the role of industrial policy in the implementation of structural transformations that contribute to the sustainable development of the economy. During the set goal, the objectives of the study were identified, which are necessary to coordinate industrial development programs in related sectors of the economy, modernization of infrastructure that promotes industrial development on a platform basis and the effectiveness of industrial policy implemented at the state level. When studying the task, methods of system and structural analysis, a structural-functional approach to the analysis of structural change problems were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the currently implemented programs of enterprise development should be coordinated with the strategies for the development of industries, which will allow them to coordinate and determine the levels and ways of interaction of economic entities. The directions of structural changes are proposed as a response to the digitalization of production processes and a way of rational organization of economic activity of subjects.

Initiatives and the process of the development of regional students’ cross-cultural communication skills

The article states the problem of preparing students for cross-cultural communication by some means of initiatives. The authors provide a detailed series of definitions and determine the necessity to consider regional specificities during the development of initiatives aimed at improving the students’ cross-cultural communication skills. Thus the following main prospects outline the design of the initiatives: the examination of the quantitative and qualitative analysis, which will enable to identify the students’ preparedness for the project; the review of research works and analytical data reflecting the role and importance of initiatives; the analysis of the mechanisms for initiatives’ implementation, one of which is a professional task. The main results are the determination of the value foundations of the mechanisms for students’ preparation, justification for the selection of the region taken for comparison and analysis, the experience of which is adapted to the conditions of the local region, consolidation of the main areas of students’ cross-cultural training implemented within the project framework, and the design of a predictive model of the initiative. Systematic and structural-functional approaches are used to fulfill the goal set (to expand the right understanding of the prospects for the design of initiatives during the development of cross-cultural communication).

The development of the infrastructure of outpatient-polyclinic institutions that provide cardiological aid and factors of their success

The purpose. To identify the key success factors in the development of the infrastructure of outpatient polyclinic institutions (OPPIs) that provide cardiac care. The conditions of their development based on the principles of public-private partnership (PPP) are taken into account. Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to the program based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific data, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches. Results. Significant problems in OPPIs that provide cardiac care infrastructure organization and management were identified. The data obtained showed the need to take measures for financing, organization of a high-tech production process, implementation of modern economic mechanisms in their work are necessary. This determined the search of mechanisms for the joint functioning of the state and business, the development of PPP in health care. The main mechanisms of PPP functioning were highlighted, namely organizational-legal, financial-investment, technical-organizational aspects. The benefits of cooperation for the state and the private partner are determined. A conceptual model of the key factors for achieving success in the development of OPPIs infrastructure based on PPP principles has been developed. Their role in the activities of OPPIs is indicated. Conclusions. The model of key factors for achieving success in the modernization of OPPIs infrastructure proposed in the article is a promising direction in the development of medical establishments that provide cardiac care. PPP is a promising direction in the development of the infrastructure of health care institutions in Ukraine.

The system of power and subordination in the family of Kabardians and Balkars in the XIX – early XX century

The article is devoted to the analysis of power family relations in the traditional society of Kabarda and Balkaria in the XIX – early XX century. Its purpose is to study the system of gender-role relations between men and women and the functioning of the "power-subordination" mechanism among Kabardians and Balkars during this period. The study analyzes the traditional model of the family in Kabardian and Balkar societies, its structural organization and historical types that existed at the time under consideration. Much attention is paid to the study of the status of the head of the family, the contradictory position of women, children, gender ideology, which constructed stereotypical behaviors. The developed dual structure of power relations is shown, where interaction on the female half of the family according to the formula "power/subordination" was formed, similar to the male hierarchy, i.e. the wife of the older man acquired the status of the head of her female part and controlled various forms of social practice. On the basis of the studied material, it is concluded that the idea of the slavish or oppressed position of women, as well as the despotic power of the father among Kabardians and Balkars has no sufficient grounds. The father's large amount of power was compensated by the democratic beginnings of family life, and a woman in a formally subordinate position had a set of opportunities for explicit and implicit influence on decision-making. The novelty of the article is to create a more complete picture of the system of power relations in the traditional societies of Kabarda and Balkaria. The main research model was the structural-functional approach developed by T. Parsons and J. Murdoch. The field of application of this research can be social and cultural policy in our country, which allows us to harmoniously combine traditions and innovations, as well as teaching humanities in universities.

Keterlibatan Perempuan di Perekonomian Keluarga Daerah Pedesaan

Women's participation in the economic empowerment of rural communities today has become a fact and a social reality that attracts interest and should be studied in depth through research in the field of anthropological sociology. The participation of the Samaenre women, who play a role in increasing the standard of living and welfare of the people in the village through the cultivation of mushrooms (fungi), is the focus of this research, which is examined using the social fact paradigm with a structural-functional approach through the theoretical framework of Durkheim (mechanical solidarity) and Spencer (biological organisms). This study aims to uncover and present the social facts of Samaenre women's participation in the economic empowerment of mushroom cultivation. The method used in this research is qualitative with an explorative-descriptive form. Data collection is done through observation and interviews. The analysis follows the flow of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Samaenre women's participation in the economic empowerment of mushroom cultivation through farmer groups and cultivation groups was intertwined with bonds of mechanical solidarity and showed a system of biological organisms in society to improve their standard of living and welfare.

Neural basis of dysphagia in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dysphagia is a major cause of stroke infection and death, and identification of structural and functional brain area changes associated with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) can help in early screening and clinical intervention. Studies on PSD have reported numerous structural lesions and functional abnormalities in brain regions, and a systematic review is lacking. We aimed to integrate several neuroimaging studies to summarize the empirical evidence of neurological changes leading to PSD. We conducted a systematic review of studies that used structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging approaches to explore structural and functional brain regions associated with swallowing after stroke, with additional evidence using a live activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. A total of 35 studies were included, including 20 studies with structural neuroimaging analysis, 14 studies with functional neuroimaging analysis and one study reporting results for both. The overall results suggest that structural lesions and functional abnormalities in the sensorimotor cortex, insula, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and associated white matter connections in individuals with stroke may contribute to dysphagia, and the ALE analysis provides additional evidence for structural lesions in the right lentiform nucleus and right thalamus and functional abnormalities in the left thalamus. Our findings suggest that PSD is associated with neurological changes in brain regions such as sensorimotor cortex, insula, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and associated white matter connections. Adequate understanding of the mechanisms of neural changes in the post-stroke swallowing network may assist in clinical diagnosis and provide ideas for the development of new interventions in clinical practice.

The role of the Qadiyat of the Muslim Religious Board in the modern Muslim Community of Tatarstan

The study of the activities of Muslim institutions in the field of regulation of social relations in a secular state is of particular interest in terms of religious associations’ adaptation. The authors explore the structure of the Qadiyat of the Muslim Religious Board of the Republic of Tatarstan, the powers of qadis, the main directions of their activities and give examples of the consideration of cases by Muslim judges, analyzing regulations and publications within the framework of the structural-functional approach. Tatarstan qadis as members of the Qadis Council and as regional Muslim judges perform control, advisory, mediation and arbitration functions. Qadis deal with marriage and family matters, inheritance disputes, settle conflicts in the business sphere, consult on Sharia issues and are engaged in the preservation and strengthening of Tatar traditions. One of the promising directions for the development of the institution of Qadiyat as an instrument for pre-trial settlement of disputes is the creation of a mediation and arbitration body on its basis that can help a wide range of believers to resolve conflicts according to the norms of Islam and Russian laws.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ МОЛОДІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the formation of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine. The main forms of youth political activity are characterized. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the mechanisms and tools of youth participation in the formation and implementation of youth policy. On the basis of the analysis of the legal framework of youth policy, conclusions were made regarding the main trends and specifics of youth participation in political processes, which is expressed through the activities of various public organizations and movements. The purpose of the publication is to study the process of formation of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine and the role of the state in its formation and development. The methodological basis of the study is based on the use of philosophical, general scientific methods, methods of a systematic approach to analyze the ways and means of forming the political and legal activity of youth, in determining the socio-political situation of youth in Ukraine. The structural-functional approach is used to determine the functions of political activity in the conditions of the transition of society from an authoritarian to a democratic political system. The institutional approach is used to analyze the interaction of the process of political and legal activity and the political system of society, where political institutions, political parties, and public associations play the main role. The normative-value approach was embodied in the analysis of the system of political values, their formation and role in the process of political socialization of the young generation. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the comprehensive analysis of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine and its significance for political and socio-economic development. Conclusions. Youth is a dynamic component of modern Ukrainian society. Since young people have to implement the reforms initiated by the state, the state, determining the ways of formation and development of society, focuses primarily on young people, whose potential and knowledge can become a guarantee of progressive development. The political and legal activity of youth is aimed at the formation of a young person who positions himself as a responsible person who respects the rights of other people; is tolerant of political, moral, aesthetic, worldview orientations and preferences; shows a desire for such forms and directions of activity that would consolidate social efforts, make the life of every person meaningful, civilized and promising; is active in the political and legal sphere. Despite the difficult political, economic, and social situation in the country, the public structures of the youth movement are actively developing, preserving their historical traditions, roots, occupying an appropriate place in the political system of society and have now acquired a rather clear outline and certainty, which is due to the presence of support and the implementation of an active policy from the state and local authorities.

Теоретичні засади та підходи до модернізації закладів вищої освіти на базі концепції сталого розвитку

In recent years, higher education institutions have been developing under the influence of atypical, unpredictable, powerful exogenous challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant transformations in the educational, research, and international activities of universities, transferring most communications to an online format (distance learning, remote work, meetings with colleagues and communication with partners in the form of video conferencing, making use of modern digital technologies). With the beginning of russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, educational institutions are suffering enormous losses both in human capital (departure of scientific and pedagogical staff and students of higher education abroad, mobilization, injury, captivity, death of both employees and students) and in material and technical support (damage or destruction of buildings, laboratories, destruction or theft of equipment, etc.). The authors of the article note that the post-war modernization of Ukrainian universities should be implemented on the basis of the conception of sustainable development, covering various areas of their activities, and not limited exclusively to restoration to the pre-war state. The aim of the article is to systematize scientific approaches to the study of the processes of modernization of higher education institutions on the basis of the conception of sustainable development. To achieve the goal, the method of content analysis was used to study scientific publications of foreign scientists devoted to the study of various aspects of sustainable development of higher education institutions. On the basis of the carried out study, the following main groups of scientific approaches have been allocated: institutional, material-ecological, process, experimental-search, stakeholder (partnership), and structural-functional approaches. The authors conclude that, given the multifaceted nature of the processes of modernization of higher education institutions on the basis of the conception of sustainable development, it appears more balanced to apply an integrated approach to the related research work.