Strontium Oxide Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory Properties of Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized From Suaeda monoica Saltmarsh.

Background Currently, nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field of research. Because of their nanoscale dimensions, nanoparticles (NPs) find application in a wide range of industries, including engineering and medicine. The leaves of Suaeda monoica have anti-inflammatory qualities. The purpose of this study was to create SrO NPs isolated from theleaves ofS. monoicaaqueous extract and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory efficacy. The S.monoicasaltmarsh, commonly known as South-Indian Seepweed, is a mangrove-associated plant and has been used as traditional medicine for decades with multifunctional biological activity. Objectives The aim of our study is to biosynthesize strontium oxide NPsfrom S. monoicasaltmarsh and to see whether they have any anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and methods In the present study, the pharmacological significance wasstudied using crude extract and synthesized SrONPs from S. monoica. The synthesized SrONPs were characterized using UV spectrophotometry. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay was analyzed using egg albumin denaturation. SrO NPs' peak observance was found at 630 nm, and a graph was plotted for the zone of inhibition vs concentration and compared with the standard. Results It was observed that the color of the SrO NPs deepened during the synthesis process. Furthermore, at a wavelength of 630 nm, the UV spectrum analysis showed a noteworthy absorption value of 1.4. The activity of inflammatory enzymes is significantly impacted by the anti-inflammatory properties of SrONPs in the protein denaturation inhibition test. Conclusions The application of SrONPs in the synthesis process has the potential to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of Suaeda monoica as evidenced by the observed increase in anti-inflammatory capacity and defense against infections and injury.

Conducting biointerface of spider-net-like chitosan-adorned polyurethane/SPIONs@SrO2–fMWCNTs for bone tissue engineering and antibacterial efficacy

In pursuit of enhancing bone cell proliferation, this study delves into the fabrication of porous scaffolds through the integration of nanomaterials. Specifically, we present the development of highly conductive chitosan (CS) nanonets on fibro-porous polyurethane (PU) bio-membranes. These nanofibers comprise functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs), well-dispersed superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIONs), and strontium oxide (SrO2) nanoparticles. The resulting porous scaffold exhibits remarkable interfacial biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and load-bearing capability. Through meticulous in vitro investigations, the CS-PU/SPIONs/SrO2-fMWCNTs nanofibrous scaffolds have demonstrated a propensity to promote bone cell regeneration. Notably, the integration of these nanomaterials has been found to upregulate crucial bone-related markers, including ALP, ARS, COL-I, RUNX2, and SPP–I. The evaluation of these markers, conducted through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry, substantiates the improved cell survival and enhanced osteogenic differentiation facilitated by the integrated nanomaterials. This comprehensive analysis underscores the efficacy of CS-PU/SPIONs/SrO2-fMWCNTs bioscaffolds in promoting MC3T3-E1 cell regeneration within, thereby holding promise for advancements in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Green synthesis of bioactive nanocomposites using Diploschistes scruposus lichen and investigation of cytotoxic effects on cancer cells

Green synthesis of nanoparticles, which is a safer and more environmentally friendly approach than traditional nanoparticle production methods, emerges as a promising field of the future. The green synthesis method, utilizing lichen extracts, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional nanoparticle production methods. Lichens have the ability to reduce and stabilize metallic salts, in addition to possessing medicinal effects from the secondary compounds they contain. In this context, the properties of lichens pave the way for a promising avenue in which nanotechnology can be harnessed within the field of cancer therapy. Building upon this back-ground, Diploschistes scruposus was employed in the production of nanoparticles through the green synthesis method. The study conducted the synthesis of lichen-derived silver-zinc oxide, silver-strontium oxide, and silver-nickel oxide nanoparticles, leveraging the characteristics of the Diploschistes scruposus species. It is specifically highlighted that toxicity studies concerning strontium oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles are lacking. This aspect renders the study a valuable resource for addressing a significant knowledge gap in these fields and comprehending the potential biomedical applications of these nanoparticles. The properties of the resulting nanoparticles were determined through analysis of characteristic FE-SEM for morphological examination, and FT-IR was utilized to identify the presence of functional compo-nents. EDX methods were employed for elemental analysis, and XRD methods were used for crystal structure analysis. The hydrodynamic diameters of the nanoparticles were determined by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering). In addition to characterization, the materials were tested for cytotoxi-city in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using MTT test. According to the MTT assay, toxicity studies were dose-dependent and the lowest IC50 value was found in the MCF-7 cell line with Ag–ZnO at 4.25 ± 0.014 μg/mL.

Investigation of Jatropha Oil Transesterification into Methyl Esters under Supercritical Methanol Environment using Advanced Heterogeneous Catalysts

AbstractThe rationale for this study lies in the investigation of the transesterification of crude Jatropha curcas oil into biodiesel using advanced heterogeneous catalysts under supercritical methanol conditions. The oxides of strontium, lanthanum, and zinc (SrO, La2O3, and ZnO) were synthesized with varying loadings (2 wt %, 6 wt %, and 10 wt %) on γ‐Al2O3 using the wet impregnation method followed by calcination at 900 °C. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the prepared catalysts, multiple analytical techniques were employed, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The performance of the catalysts was assessed through the measurement of biodiesel yield, where the SrO/γ‐Al2O3, ZnO/γ‐Al2O3, and La2O3/γ‐Al2O3 systems produced yields of 97.54 %, 97.49 %, and 97.36 %, respectively, under identical reaction conditions of a 1 : 40 oil to methanol molar ratio, 10 wt % catalyst loading amount, 300 °C reaction temperature, 90 bar reaction pressure, and a reaction time of 3 min. Despite a minimal decrease of 0.05 %, zinc oxide catalysts remain highly attractive due to their favorable price position compared to strontium. Additionally, the catalyst can be reused up to 12 times with minimal loss in biodiesel yield (~2 %).

Enhancing the Electrical and Photoelectrical Efficacy with the Synergistic SrO–ZnO Nano‐Heterosystem

Development of the sustainable materials for consolidation of the energy sustainability needs special emphasis in the current era of the increasing energy demand. In compliance with this, present investigation reports first investigation on the amended sustainable production conjugated with the microwave process of the strontium oxide (SrO) and zinc oxid (ZnO) forming SrO–ZnO nanoscale heterostructure. The band gap of the prepared green nanomaterial was tuned reducing it from 5.8 to 3.6 eV upon the formation of the nanocomposite. With the mixed cubic and hexagonal phase, these particles have average crystallite size of 66.4 nm and irregular shape. The electro‐catalytic assays have expressed the bifunctional role of the SrO–ZnO towards generation of the oxygen and hydrogen. However, it has an excellent hydrogen production capacity with the lower overpotential of 126 mV and Tafel slopes 123.6 mV dec−1. In addition, this nanomaterial has also exhibited superior electrochemical charge storage for batter applications with the unit capacity of 541.7 mAH g−1 and Rs = 0.4 Ω, reflecting facilitated diffusion at the interface. In terms of photovoltaic applications, SrO–ZnO nanocomposite has effectively passivated the perovskite solar cells by improving efficiency from 7.2% to 15.1%. Such an improved performance is associated with the chemical synergism.

Structure, pressure-induced phase transition, electronic and thermal properties of alkaline earth oxide compounds

ABSTRACT The current study reports the pressure-driven phase change, and electronic and thermal properties of strontium oxide (SrO) and barium oxide (BaO) under pressure in different phases via a density functional theory (DFT). The metastable phases are predicated and have not yet been perceived in the previous calculations or experimental works. The transition pressures at which various phases transform and their electronic and thermal performances are also investigated. The electronic band profiles of the compounds have been computed using different exchange-correlation functions. According to the present study, the B1 phase is the most stable phase across the phases taken into consideration. The band structure results reveal the semiconducting behavior of these compounds in all phases. Furthermore, various thermal performances are also predicted. The current study is open to experimentally verify our several predictions.

Influence of the Addition of Zinc, Strontium, or Magnesium Oxides to the Bioglass 45S5 Network on Electrical Behavior.

45S5 Bioglass has been widely used in regenerative medicine due to its ability to dissolve when inserted into the body. Its typically amorphous structure allows for an ideal dissolution rate for the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer, which is important for the development of new bone. This bioactive capacity can also be controlled by adding other oxides (e.g., SrO, ZnO, and MgO) to the 45S5 Bioglass network or by storing electrical charge. Ions such as zinc, magnesium, and strontium allow for specific biological responses to be added, such as antibacterial action and the ability to increase the rate of osteoblast proliferation. The charge storage capacity allows for a higher rate of bioactivity to be achieved, allowing for faster attachment to the host bone, decreasing the patient's recovery time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the variation in the structure of the bioglass with regard to the amount of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs), which is important for the bioactivity rate not to be compromised, and also its influence on the electrical behavior relevant to its potential as electrical charge storage. Thus, several bioactive glass compositions were synthesized based on the 45S5 Bioglass formulation with the addition of various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2, mol%) of zinc, strontium, or magnesium oxides. The influence of the insertion of these oxides on the network was evaluated by studying the amount of NBOs using Raman spectroscopy and their implication on the electrical behavior. Electrical characterization was performed in ac (alternating current) and dc (direct current) regimes.

Fabrication and characterization of a novel strontium oxide-polythiophene core–shell nanocomposite for in-vitro electrochemical detection of antiplatelet cilostazol drug in formulation and human plasma

The green synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing plants is a novel promising approach in bio-nanotechnology. The strontium oxide nanoparticles (SrO NPs) were synthesized for the first time utilizing a plant extract of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The strontium oxide polythiophene (SrO@PTh) nanocomposite was then prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization of thiophene on the surface of SrO NPs using anhydrous FeCl3 as an oxidant. FTIR spectrum indicates the coordination of SrO NPs with the binding sites along PTh backbone. TEM analysis resulted in an average particles size of (25 – 50 nm) for SrO NPs and core–shell nanostructure of its composite (SrO@PTh CS) with shell thickness of (20–90 nm). The XRD analysis indicates a crystalline cubic structure of SrO NPs with particles size of ≈ 45 nm in average and interplanar space of (0.24 ∼ 0.36 nm). The crystallinity was relatively diminished to some extent for SrO@PTh CS which exhibits a particle size of about 85 nm and interplanar space of (0.13 ∼ 0.23 nm). A smart and novel electrochemical graphite paste sensor (GPS), based on SrO@PTh CS nanocomposite, has been fabricated for the ultrasensitive in-vitro detection of antiplatelet drug cilostazol. SrO@PTh CS nanocomposite-based square-wave voltammetry biosensor exhibited the lowest limits of detection of 1.99 × 10−10 and 9.83 × 10−10 M for cilostazol drug determination in bulk and human plasma samples, respectively compared to all the reported methods. It exhibited also good reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability and was free from biological interference effects.

Strategic electrochemical oxidation of vinblastin sulfate (an anticancer drug) via PVP-functionalized strontium oxide nanoparticles.

Cancer is a primary cause of death worldwide, and considerably impacts mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries. The rise in chemotherapeutic patients and toxicity of cytotoxic agents highlight the need for reliable analytical methods to detect these compounds. The current study presents a simple and straightforward method for producing polyvinylpyrrolidone functionalized strontium oxide nanoparticles (PVP-SrO NPs). The synthesized PVP-SrO NPs were applied as a sensitive sensor to detect vinblastin sulfate (VNB) (an anticancer drug). The synthesized PVP-SrO NPs were characterized using different characterization techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the functionality of synthesized PVP-SrO NPs. The sharp intense peaks of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirm the crystalline nature of NPs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the nanobeads like morphology, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) reveals the presence of Sr and O at 68.3% and 23% respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the PVP-SrO/GCE is more conductive than bare GCE with an R ct value of 960.4 Ω compared to 2440 Ω. The sensor exhibited a wide linear dynamic range for VNB (0.05 to 60 μM) with low LOD 0.005 μM, and LOD 0.017 μM. The proposed sensor was successfully used for monitoring VNB in human blood serum samples with a satisfactory percent recovery from 96% to 103%. The fabricated sensor exhibits better performance than the reported sensors in terms of processing, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, energy consumption, and enhanced efficacy in a very short time.

Green Synthesis of Selenium, Zinc Oxide, and Strontium Nanoparticles and Their Antioxidant Activity - A Comparative In Vitro Study.

Background Antioxidants are vital in reducing oxidative stress, a key factor in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of our study is to analyze and compare the oxidative potential of biosynthesized selenium, strontium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and methods Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized using 20 mM of sodium selenite as the precursor and 1 g each of Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum as reducing and stabilizing agents. Strontium nanoparticles (SrNPs) were synthesized with 30 mM of strontium chloride as the precursor and 1 g of Acacia nilotica as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using 30 mM of zinc nitrate as the precursor and 1 g each of Cuminum cyminum and Syzygium aromaticum as reducing and stabilizing agents. Selenium, strontium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The antioxidant activity of biogenically synthesized strontium, selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles was examined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)radical scavenging assay (DPPH assay) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (H2O2 assay). Results The FT-IR spectra of selenium nanoparticles revealed a peak at 3327.990 cm-1, strontium nanoparticles at 3332.331 cm-1, and zinc oxide nanoparticles at 3216.346 cm-1. The significant results for the green-synthesized selenium, strontium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were observed in antioxidant assays. The results from the DPPH assay show thatat the highest concentration of 50 µL, SrNPs exhibited 90.12 % inhibition, SeNPs displayed 90.12% inhibition, and ZnONPs showed 89.55% inhibition. In the H2O2 assay, at the highest concentration of 50 µL, SrNPs showed 87.43% inhibition, SeNPs displayed 85.11% inhibition, and ZnONPs exhibited 84.66% inhibition. SrNPs demonstrated a higher percentage of inhibition in both the DPPH and H2O2 assays. Maximum inhibitory activity was observed at the highest concentration. However, the prepared nanoparticles showed a slightly lower percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard. Conclusion Strontium nanoparticles synthesized based on Acacia nilotica demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity compared to the synthesized selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, the study suggests that the produced strontium nanoparticles can serve as an antioxidant agent, owing to their remarkable free radical scavenging activity.

Magnet selection for permanent magnet synchronous machines by decision science

This work investigates magnet selection for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) by decision science. 20 multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods ranked a list of 45 industrial-grade permanent magnets based on eight property requirements―high energy density (BHMAX), high coercivity (HC), high magnetic remanence (BR), high electrical resistivity (ρ), high Curie temperature (TC), high maximum service temperature (TS), low linear thermal expansion coefficient (α), and low density (d)―targeted to selecting magnets for PMSMs. The Shannon's entropy method evaluated the objective attribute weights of ρ, BHMAX, and HC, as ∼46%, ∼24%, and ∼23%, respectively, and the rest—BR, TC, TS, d, and α―combined as ∼7%; equal weights (∼12.5% each) to all the attributes were the subjective weights. Principal component analysis (PCA) consolidated ranks from various MADM methods, and hierarchical clustering (HC) grouped magnets based on their similarities. For PMSMs in applications where ρ, BHMAX, and HC, are more critical compared to the rest of the properties, the eight top-ranked magnets are N35 (Neodymium® 35), N35H (Neodymium® 35H), N30 (Neodymium® 30), N30H (Neodymium® 30H), N27H (Neodymium® 27H), N27 (Neodymium® 27), F5–S (Ferrite 5, Sintered Iron Strontium Oxide), and F3–S (Ferrite 3, Sintered Iron Barium Oxide) in that order. On the other hand, for PMSMs in applications where all the attributes are equally important, the eight top-ranked magnets are N35 (Neodymium® 35), N35H (Neodymium® 35H), N30H (Neodymium® 30H), N30 (Neodymium® 30), N27H (Neodymium® 27H), N27 (Neodymium® 27), CS4 (Samarium Cobalt 4), and F5–S (Ferrite 5, Sintered Iron Strontium Oxide) in that order. The consolidated ranks of the magnets obtained by assigning objective and subjective attribute weights showed a strong correlation of ∼0.94. This investigation targeted magnet selection for PMSMs from a comprehensive dataset of industrial-grade permanent magnets, utilizing several property requirements, applying both objective and subjective attribute weights identified Neodymium® 35 as the top-ranked magnet.

First principles investigation of electronic and elastic properties of strontium oxide and strontium peroxide phases: insights into structural stability and phase transitions

Strontium oxide (SrO) and Strontium peroxide (SrO2) with multiple phases have been observed to exist at various temperatures and pressures, however there is little literature available on their properties. We have therefore attempted to discover several unexplored properties of various phases of SrO and SrO2. In this study, the electronic and elastic properties of SrO and SrO2 have been calculated via the first principle approach. We performed the said calculations over four available phases (FCC, BCC, hexagonal-1, and hexagonal-2) of SrO and two available phases (tetragonal and orthorhombic) of SrO2. The calculations have been conducted using density functional theory within the scalar-relativistic norm-conserving optimized Vanderbilt pseudopotential. In this study, equilibrium lattice parameter, elastic constants, structural stability, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Pugh ratio, Universal anisotropy index, Cauchy pressure and Kleinman’s internal strain parameter as elastic properties; the band gap and nature of the band gap as electronic properties have been calculated for the aforementioned materials. The phase transition between FCC-SrO and BCC-SrO has been observed during the calculation of elastic properties at 47 GPa. Based on the mechanical stability criteria, all phases except SrO(BCC) and SrO(Hexagonal-2) have been found to pass. The value of the bulk modulus have been observed between 68 GPa and 88 GPa for the different phases of SrOx [x = 1, 2]. Satisfactory agreement could be found between the present results and the available theoretical and experimental results.

Effects of strontium oxide on synthesis and performance of monocrystalline ultrahigh-Ni layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Monocrystalline layered cathode is of particular interest owing to the satisfactory mechanical integrity against long-term cycling. However, the high-temperature calcination, which is perceived as the indispensable reaction condition, favors the formation of Ni2+ that triggers the Li+/Ni2+ disorder and the formation of electrochemically inactive NiO. Herein, we develop a SrO-assistant method to synthesize a monocrystalline ultrahigh-Ni LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2 under a moderate calcination temperature. The addition of an appropriate amount of SrO (0.3 wt%, SCN95–Sr-3) facilitates the formation of monocrystalline LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2 (grain size: 2–4 μm) under 790 °C. The obtained LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2 represents excellent electrochemical properties with an initial discharge capacity of 240.5 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 90.1 % at 0.1C (1C = 220 mA g−1) in a Li-metal half cell. Upon long-term cycling, the monocrystalline feature with less crystallographic defect effectively enhances the structural stability and inhibits the formation of intergranular cracks, resulting in an enhanced cyclic stability (discharge capacity of 151.0 mAh g−1 maintained after 300 cycles at 1C in a Li-metal half cell). Coupled with a graphite anode, the LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2|| graphite full cell represents a stable cycling at 1C, with a capacity retention of 99.0 % after 100 cycles.

Mechanical, structural, and radiation shielding characteristics for transparent boro-tellurite glasses modified with strontium and bismuth oxide ratios

In this investigation, a new transparent boro-tellurite glass series modified with strontium oxide and differing ratios of bismuth oxide was synthesized to explore the radiation shielding ability. The mechanical and physical features were checked theoretically. At the same time, the structure for fabricated glasses was investigated by Raman spectra, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to Raman spectra results, the prominent peaks displayed enhancing and shifting to lower wavenumber from 774 cm−1 for TBSB0 to 751 cm−1 for TBSB20 with adding Bi2O3 instead of TeO2. XRD proved the amorphous nature of all glass samples. In contrast, TGA explored the thermal stability by studying the weight loss for TBSB0 and TBSB20 that are 1.6264 % and 0.3198 % at 1000 °C, respectively. The inclusion of Bi2O3 as opposed to TeO2 resulted in a density enhancement from 4.3200 to 5.6900 g/cm3, packing density (Vt) from 0.4221 to 0.4715, and mass attenuation coefficient (μm, at 184 keV) from 0.2921 to 0.7185 cm2/g. On another side, experimental evaluation of the radiation shielding properties was conducted, and the μm values were compared with XCOM data. The theoretical and experimental relative difference was in the 0.445–5.974 % range. The direct relation between Bi2O3 concentrations and radiation shielding properties is obvious. TBSB20 sample showed the highest radiation shielding capacity compared with other fabricated glasses. These results indicate the ability to use the fabricated glasses in the radiation shielding field.

Investigating Electronic, Optical, Thermodynamic, and Thermoelectric Properties of SrO and SrO2 Phases: A Density Functional Theory Approach.

The significance of strontium oxide (SrO) and strontium peroxide (SrO2) is currently being investigated as one of the countless potential uses for green energy. However, few studies have examined the distinctive properties of several phases of SrO and SrO2. In order to fill this research gap, we have conducted a study on their various properties through "density functional theory (DFT)" under ideal conditions. This includes the study of electronic, optical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of the above-mentioned materials. For this study, the "Quantum Espresso" tool in DFT using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof-generalized-gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) as the exchange-correlation functional and "Optimized Norm-Conserving Vanderbilt (ONCV)" as the pseudopotential has been used. The face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonal-1, and hexagonal-2 phases of SrO and the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of SrO2 have been selected for the aforesaid study, for which some structural information has already been available. During this study, the energy band gap as an electronic property; the dielectric constant, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and energy loss function as optical properties; entropy, heat capacity, Debye temperature, and Debye sound velocity as thermodynamic properties; and the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and figure of merit as thermoelectric properties have been investigated. In addition, phonon dispersion curves and formation energies have been used to confirm the dynamical stability and thermodynamic stability, respectively, for all of the materials mentioned above. The curve showed that the FCC, hexagonal-1, and hexagonal-2 phases of "SrO" are dynamically stable. These materials have good optoelectronic properties and can be used in ultraviolet sensors due to their intermediate band gap and highest material response in the ultraviolet range. In terms of thermoelectric property, the maximum value of "figure of merit" for the above material has been achieved up to 0.5. Satisfactory agreement has been found between the current findings and the known theoretical and experimental findings.

Process optimization of rice husk ash supported catalyst in biodiesel synthesis using response surface methodology approach

Biodiesel is sustainable and biodegradable energy that is synthesized from renewable material consisting of a high capability to replace energy from fossil fuels. This research focused on biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil utilizing rice husk ash (RHA) supported catalysts. A series of alkaline earth metal oxide, calcium oxide, and strontium oxide supported on RHA catalyst; CaO/RHA and SrO/RHA catalysts were synthesized via wetness impregnation method with varied calcination temperatures and ratios. It was found that the 10SrO/90RHA (900 °C) catalyst produced maximum biodiesel yield (89.97%) over the transesterification process from waste cooking oil, while the catalytic activity of 10CaO/90RHA (800 °C) catalyst demonstrated the 83.09% of biodiesel yield. Further analysis on optimization of parameters for transesterification reaction using 10SrO/90RHA (10:90) catalyst revealed that higher biodiesel produced at a reaction temperature of 65 °C, catalytic loading of 6 wt%, oil-to-methanol of 1:18 mol ratio and reaction time of 1 h. The optimization for the 10SrO/90RHA (900 °C) catalyzed reaction was then verified using response surface methodology (RSM) throughout Box-Behnken design (BBD). The characteristics of the produced biodiesel, under optimal process conditions, comply with the standards set by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for fuel quality.

The Influence of Strontium Oxide on the Physio-Mechanical Properties of Biomedical-Grade Titanium in Ti-SrO Composites

Dental implants can be made of various materials, and amongst them, titanium and titanium alloy were the materials of choice for dental implants for many years because of their biocompatibility. The two alloys have a high level of biocompatibility, a lower modulus of elasticity, and better corrosion resistance than other alloys. Thus, they are frequently utilized in biomedical applications and mostly replace stiff fabrics. The latest advances in a new strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy are the main topic of this research. With regard to biomedical applications, additions of strontium oxide were synthesized at three distinct weight percentages (2%, 4%, and 6% by wt%). Powder metallurgy was used to create the alloys, which were then sintered by heating the samples. The effects of adding strontium oxide were analyzed by utilizing measurements of the Brinell hardness, X-ray diffraction, porosity, diametral tensile strength, roughness, and wettability of the finished surfaces. The results show that adding more strontium oxide (gradually increasing the ratio from 2% SrO to a 6% addition) raised the roughness and porosity. However, the microhardness and diametral tensile strength were enhanced with an increase in the volume fraction of strontium oxide particles. In conclusion, the alloy that contained 6 wt% strontium oxide microparticles had reasonably high mechanical properties and might be regarded as suitable for use in dental and medical applications due to its high wettability or, in other words, its low contact angle. The Brinell testing results for the diametral tensile strength, microhardness, and porosity of the generated strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy demonstrate its high potential for usage as a biomaterial, particularly in dental applications.

Examination of bioactivity studies of phosphate glasses doped with strontium

Glass samples of the composition 45P2O5-xNa2O-(50-x)CaO-5SrO (x = 20, 25, 30, 35 mol%) were prepared by conventional melt quench method and were subjected to in vitro bioactivity studies by immersing in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution with pH = 7.4 at 37 °C. In vitro bioactivity study of strontium doped phosphate glasses involves examining the interaction between the glass material and biological systems, such as cells or tissues. The crystalline phase, functional group analysis, surface morphology and elemental composition of the synthesised samples were evaluated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analyses respectively. Strontium doped phosphate glasses are a type of biomaterials that have prospective applications in the field of bone tissue engineering and regeneration. The formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of glasses post immersion in SBF was confirmed by XRD and FTIR spectra. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of crystal agglomerates on the surface of glasses. EDX confirmed the presence of Ca and P ions. The fixed concentrations of phosphorus oxide and strontium oxide have been found to have an impact on the properties of the glass material, even as the amounts of sodium oxide and calcium oxide are varied. The results of these studies can yield valuable insights into the bioactivity of the glasses and their potential applications in the fields of bone tissue engineering and regeneration.

Preparation, Characterization, Dielectric Properties, and AC Conductivity of Chitosan Stabilized Metallic Oxides CoO and SrO: Experiments and Tight Binding Calculations.

Polymeric films made from chitosan (CS) doped with metal oxide (MO = cobalt (II) oxide and strontium oxide) nanoparticles at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20% wt. MO/CS) were fabricated with the solution cast method. FTIR, SEM, and XRD spectra were used to study the structural features of those nanocomposite films. The FTIR spectra of chitosan showed the main characteristic peaks that are usually present, but they were shifted considerably by the chemical interaction with metal oxides. FTIR analysis of the hybrid chitosan-CoO nanocomposite exhibited notable peaks at 558 and 681 cm-1. Conversely, the FTIR analysis of the chitosan-SrO composite displayed peaks at 733.23 cm-1, 810.10 cm-1, and 856.39 cm-1, which can be attributed to the bending vibrations of Co-O and Sr-O bonds, respectively. In addition, the SEM graphs showed a noticeable morphological change on the surface of chitosan, which may be due to surface adsorption with metal oxide nanoparticles. The XRD pattern also revealed a clear change in the crystallinity of chitosan when it is in contact with metal oxide nanoparticles. The presence of characteristic signals for cobalt (Co) and strontium (Sr) are clearly shown in the EDX examinations, providing convincing evidence for their incorporation into the chitosan matrix. Moreover, the stability of the nanoparticle-chitosan coordinated bonding was verified from the accurate and broadly parametrized semi-empirical tight-binding quantum chemistry calculation. This leads to the determination of the structures' chemical hardness as estimated from the frontier's orbital calculations. We characterized the dielectric properties in terms of the real and imaginary dielectric permittivity as a function of frequency. Dielectric findings reveal the existence of extensive interactions of CoO and SrO, more pronounced for SrO, with the functional groups of CS through coordination bonding. This induces the charge transfer of the complexes between CoO and SrO and the CS chains and a decrease in the amount of the crystalline phase, as verified from the XRD patterns.

Green synthesis of strontium oxide nanoparticles and strontium based nanocomposites prepared by plant extract: a critical review

Abstract Recently, strontium oxide nanoparticles (SrO NPs) have become the center of attention due to potential features and promising applications. The physicochemical approaches possess many limitations including extreme experimental conditions, highly complex instruments and use of hazardous chemicals. An eco-friendly and sustainable approach from biogenic sources for formation of SrO NPs is an emerging trend nowadays to effectively replace conventional approaches. This review study all those aspects that facilitate the reader for understanding all biogenic approaches of SrO NPs for their use in different applications with less toxicity issues. In this study, firstly we discuss in detail about plant and other biogenic assemblies based on the synthesis of SrO NPs after which parameters affecting the synthesis of SrO NPs are discussed and finally excellent biomedical applications of SrO NPs along with mechanism are summarized. The literature also showed that green synthesized SrO NPs are highly biocompatible in nature and showed excellent anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-fungal potential. Hence, this study will provide an understanding to researchers about recent trends for the formation of SrO NPs through different biogenic assemblies and their potential biomedical applications.