Strong Economic Growth Research Articles

HALAL TOURISM AS A STRATEGY TO MAXIMIZE EMPLOYMENT ABSORPTION IN LAMPUNG

This article describes that it is hoped that this country would be able to create many jobs in order to have strong economic growth. The goal of this study is to give the findings of an investigation of the impact of economic expansion on labor absorption in the province of Lampung. In order to address the labor issues in Lampung Province, analysis will be used to seek for correlations between variables, underlying causes, and potential policy solutions. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the absorption of labor in Lampung Province is influenced by GRDP/share of tourism sector, Total Population Completed High School, and percentage change in room occupancy rate. GRDP/share of tourism sector has a significant relationship between the number of working people. The number of people who work has a significant relationship to the number of residents who have a positive relationship to the number of people who work with the last education graduated from high school. Tourism is believed to be a solution to the low employment absorption in Lampung province. The development of halal tourism besides being able to increase economic growth will also be able to spur maximum employment absorption. Based on the R square value of 0.995, it is revealed if there is a good enough influence on the independent variable on the dependent variable as shown by the total working population of 99.5 percent, while the remaining 0.5 percent reveals that there are other facts

Study on the Current Situation of China’s Education Inequality

Despite China's recent strong economic growth, there are still many educational disparities, significant delays in completing educational objectives, and unequal educational quality. They include family involvement in society, insufficient investments in education, unfair distribution of education funding, the impact of regional economies, inappropriate policies and regulations, and corruption in education. The current state of educational inequality between regions, urban and rural locations, and class families is examined in this paper. The causes of educational inequality are also found to be multifaceted, mainly due to uneven regional economic development, inadequate policy implementation, the importance families attach to their children's education, and other factors. To achieve equity in education, by identifying the issues and delving into the reasons, the author seeks solutions to the issue. After researching, the author believes that the problem of educational inequity can be effectively remedied through measures such as balancing educational resources, increasing educational input, improving input distribution models, improving educational policies and regulations, and innovating and improving educational models.

Taiwan’s development of neoliberalism

This article analyzes the adoption of neoliberalism in Taiwan and its impact on financial, labor, and industrial policies. Taiwan adopted neoliberalism in the late 1970s, facing challenges in maintaining autonomy against global pressures and domestic business interests. The state-controlled market underwent a significant transformation because of the sacrifices made for various stakeholders. Taiwan's strong economic growth has been recognized globally, making it an example for other developing countries to implement neoliberal policies. This article focuses on the period after the 2008 global financial crisis, in which Taiwan implemented monetary and fiscal policies to stabilize the financial system and generate domestic demand. While supporting corporate financing and facilitating personal relationships with banks, the government aims to restore financial stability. The Taiwanese state has consistently pursued the values of neoliberalism while maintaining balance with societal-oriented policies. The government's approach to this problem has evolved, demonstrating efforts to overcome the side effects of neoliberal policies. Ultimately, Taiwan's economic development reflects the complex play of neoliberalism and its impact on various sectors in the country.

The Relevance of Human Security Approach in Assessing The Causes and Solutions to Food Insecurity in South Sudan (Case Study: South Sudan 2017 Famine)

The Relevance of Human Security Approach in Assessing The Causes and Solutions to Food Insecurity in South Sudan (Case Study: South Sudan 2017 Famine)

Evaluation of Parking Demand at Valsad Railway Station

Abstract: The world's fastest growing major economy is India. Gujarat is one of the fastest-growing states in India, with strong industrial and economic growth. A well-balanced transportation system is vital for the overall growth of any region. Gujarat also has a robust rail network, which complements this. Gujarat is the location of one of the busiest railroad lines that connects the political and commercial centres of Delhi and Mumbai. On the railway lines connecting Mumbai with Delhi and Ahmadabad with Mumbai, Valsad is one of the significant and crowded stations. Many residents of Valsad hold jobs in the neighbouring cities of Mumbai, Vapi, and Surat, among others. As a result, railroad is a popular means of transportation. The majority of these folks drive their two-wheelers or other vehicles from their residences to the railroad station, where they usually park them. People used to park their cars outside the parking lot during peak hours, such as early in the morning and late at night, when there was a significant demand for parking at the railway station. Because of this, adequate parking facilities are needed to prevent situations of this kind. According to field observations, there are not enough parking spaces at Valsad Railway Station. Because commuters used to park on the sides of the roads and on the sidewalks, there was constant traffic in and around the railway station area. As a result, Valsad Railway Station needs to evaluate parking demand. Inventory of parking spaces and a survey of parking utilisation by petrol were done to assess the parking demand licence plate technique. the demand exclusive parking surveys will be used to achieve clear situation of the existing parking state of affairs and future recommendation to ease the parking demand.

HEADLINE INFLATION AND CONSUMERS’ CONFIDENCE IN NIGERIA

Introduction: The Nigerian economy experienced a significant growth turning point in early 2000 after returning to democratic rule in 1999. Nonetheless, the country's strong economic growth has done little to address the issues such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, the exchange rate, inflation, and interest rate spread. As a result, consumer confidence falls, resulting in lower spending. Methods: The ARDL model was used to highlight the importance of consumer confidence (household spending) and inflation in Nigeria using data from the cbn survey of consumer expectations from 1996 to 2022. Results: The findings show that a unit increase in headline inflation corresponds to a 0.01 increase in consumer confidence, implying that consumers lose 99.99 percent of their confidence at every point of increase in headline inflation, indicating that headline inflation is a core determinant of consumption in Nigeria. Conclusion and suggestion: In light of the study's findings, the federal government should consider raising the nation's minimum wage, among other policy options, in order to increase household consumption expenditures. Furthermore, Nigerian government policies should address disparities in consumption among the citizenries.

Decoupling effect and driving factors of carbon footprint in megacity Wuhan, Central China

BackgroundChina’s 35 largest cities, including Wuhan, are inhabited by approximately 18% of the Chinese population, and account for 40% energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Wuhan is the only sub-provincial city in Central China and, as the eighth largest economy nationwide, has experienced a notable increase in energy consumption. However, major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the nexus of economic development and carbon footprint and their drivers in Wuhan.MethodsWe studied Wuhan for the evolutionary characteristics of its carbon footprint (CF), the decoupling relationship between economic development and CF, and the essential drivers of CF. Based on the CF model, we quantified the dynamic trends of CF, carbon carrying capacity, carbon deficit, and carbon deficit pressure index from 2001 to 2020. We also adopted a decoupling model to clarify the coupled dynamics among total CF, its accounts, and economic development. We used the partial least squares method to analyze the influencing factors of Wuhan’s CF and determine the main drivers.ResultsThe CF of Wuhan increased from 36.01 million t CO2eq in 2001 to 70.07 million t CO2eq in 2020, a growth rate of 94.61%, which was much faster than that of the carbon carrying capacity. The energy consumption account (84.15%) far exceeded other accounts, and was mostly contributed by raw coal, coke, and crude oil. The carbon deficit pressure index fluctuated in the range of 8.44–6.74%, indicating that Wuhan was in the relief zone and the mild enhancement zone during 2001–2020. Around the same time, Wuhan was in a transition stage between weak and strong CF decoupling and economic growth. The main driving factor of CF growth was the urban per capita residential building area, while energy consumption per unit of GDP was responsible for the CF decline.ConclusionsOur research highlights the interaction of urban ecological and economic systems, and that Wuhan’s CF changes were mainly affected by four factors: city size, economic development, social consumption, and technological progress. The findings are of realistic significance in promoting low-carbon urban development and improving the city’s sustainability, and the related policies can offer an excellent benchmark for other cities with similar challenges.

The determinants of inward FDI in India in the 2000s

Purpose Unlike the traditional growth model of emerging markets after economic liberalization, India’s inward foreign direct investment (FDI) surged paralleling its strong economic growth in the 2000s, despite the failure to establish a strong secondary sector. This creates an opportunity to deepen the conceptual and contextual understanding of the pivotal mechanisms that impel foreign multinational enterprises to invest into India and provides a natural setting to better understand the nature of its institutional, political and economic environment. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a theory contextualized to Indian inward FDI patterns for the 2000–2017 period. The theoretical framework expands upon received investment motives, with explicit consideration given to the idiosyncrasies of developments in India’s recent macro and socioeconomic environment. The authors test the hypotheses using panel data from 134 countries that invested in India, using a Hausman–Taylor estimation. Findings The authors find that India’s transition toward a knowledge economy attracts asset augmenting rather than asset exploiting FDI. Investors appear to target long-term investments by gaining access to India’s digital capabilities, R&D, and growing talent base with a high degree of specialization within analytics, biotechnology, engineering, or pharmaceuticals. Foreign investors do not seem to be notably deterred by infrastructural challenges nor by legal and regulatory restrictions. Originality/value By providing a new perspective on India’s atheoretical economic development and FDI environment, this study offers a distinct point of comparison with regard to established hypotheses within the extant literature on FDI into emerging markets. Rethinking contemporary investment motive theory by introducing an adapted conceptual framework provides further opportunity to inform the understanding of firm strategies in similar environments.

FDI and Economic Growth – Perspective of Southeast European Countries

Abstract Emergence of new economic entities, through either integration or disintegration, always creates system inefficiencies resulting in temporary economic setbacks. At the macroeconomic level, this brings about slowdown in economic growth and delayed catching up with more advanced economies. In Europe, the turn of the century brought along political and economic disintegration, on one hand, and economic integration, on the other. Demise of planned economies across Eastern Europe caused serious economic turmoil due to market fragmentation. Meanwhile, creation of new economic architecture in the European Union (EU) has created additional challenges of economic restructuring. Therefore, achieving sustainable economic growth and high income has become the ultimate economic policy objective. Equity investment in form of foreign direct investment (FDI) has proven to be the right choice, because influx of fresh capital and know-how enabled strong economic growth and restructuring through increasing labor productivity and economic efficiency. Stronger competitive pressure through FDI contributed to dynamic restructuring, resembling in increasing exports and stronger integration into global economy. Yet, growth rates across countries were not always proportional to the volume of inward FDI, which indicates a certain level of underperformance for some countries. The aim of the paper is to closer investigate the FDI-growth nexus by differentiating between two types of FDI – mergers and acquisition (M&A) and greenfield investment. Thus, the analysis will take account of the characteristics of the FDI host economy, and those of the investing company, because we find it reasonable to assume that different forms of FDI incorporate different business dynamics and the time horizon of the investor’s expectations. In order to find out the effects of different forms of FDI on economic growth we apply panel data analysis with fixed effects and Prais-Winsten estimator on the sample of European reform countries whereby FDI, M&A and greenfield investment are considered the key variables. Analysis also includes a set of control variables, which combine standard neoclassical growth variables. Results indicate that, with reference to the level of innovativeness, different types of FDI indeed produce different effects on host countries’ economic growth.

Angel Investing in India in the Past Two Decades

In the past two decades, there has been a drastic shift in the mindset of Indian youth, which has led to strong Economic growth in India. The news startups are focusing on significant issues faced by the people in the country and trying to develop solutions with the help of technology or service. The increase in startups has also created several job opportunities for the youth. The latest reports indicate that there are around 55,00 startups registered in India, which is 100% more than the number of startups in 2015. Along with the increase in the number of startups, there has been a significant increase in investors and investments. The key investors are Angel Investors, Venture Capitalists, and Private Equity Firms. Since Venture Capitalists are shifting their focus to larger deals and mature startups, a significant gap is being created for early-stage startups. Angel investors are contributing significantly to the void left by Venture capitalists for early startups. The Angel investors have closed over 1600 deals and invested around 1.2 billion dollars from 2010 to 2019.

Urban growth boundaries optimization under low-carbon development: Combining multi-objective programming and patch cellular automata models

Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs) are a tool to control urban sprawl. However, the way to optimize future urban land uses and fix their boundaries is not clear. This paper presents a new framework to delimit UGBs while accounting for ecological, economic, and carbon storage benefits. Aggregate land-use constraints are included in a multi-objective optimization algorithm to capture non-inferior solutions on the Pareto Surface (PS) under different objective scenarios. A patch-level cellular automata simulation model is then used to spatially allocate these land uses, followed by a new two-step adjustment method to delineate the UGBs. This modeling is applied to Wuhan, China. The results show that: (1) One district (Caidian) will have a strong economic growth under low-carbon development. (2) The maximization of carbon storage reduces losses in ecological benefits, suggesting that carbon storage be considered in urban growth planning. (3) The combined model framework and two-step boundary adjustment method can help urban planners define different UGB scenarios and make science-based policy decisions.

The Greek Military Dictatorship: Revisiting a Troubled Past, 1967–1974 by Othon Anastasakis and Katerina Lagos, eds.

<i>The Greek Military Dictatorship: Revisiting a Troubled Past, 1967–1974</i> by Othon Anastasakis and Katerina Lagos, eds.

Forecasting Inflation Rate in the Philippines Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) Model

The Philippines has experienced a long period of rapid economic growth. However, inflation has now become a major concern, with the Philippines currently experiencing high inflation. High inflation is a threat to strong economic growth, particularly to people's purchasing power. This study aims to predict the inflation rate in the Philippines using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. The historical data on the inflation rate of the Philippines, comprising 135 observations from January 2012 to March 2023, was obtained from the official website of the Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA). The study followed the Box Jenkins Methodology, which consists of 4 stages: Identification, Estimation, Diagnostic Checking, and Forecasting to develop a SARIMA model. It was then revealed that the best SARIMA model for predicting the inflation rate in the Philippines is SARIMA (1,1,1) (0,0,1)_12 based on the following criteria: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC), σ^2, and the Highest Log Likelihood. This chosen model has a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 8.17% which is within the acceptable range of 25%. This shows an indication that the forecast is acceptably accurate. The best SARIMA model was then used to forecast the inflation rate in the Philippines from April 2023 to March 2024, and based on the result of the forecasting, it appears that the inflation rate in the Philippines is expected to decline gradually over the next 12 months, from 6.93% in April 2023 to 4.85% in March 2024. These findings could provide insights that the government can use to make decisions about monetary policies and help the economy of the Philippines to improve.

Rethinking Post-Authoritarian Chile through Its Popular Music

AbstractThis article is a study of Chilean popular music produced during the 1990s, the first decade following the end of the Pinochet dictatorship. The return of democracy and a period of strong economic growth contributed to a boom in the Chilean music industry. A wealth of music was recorded and the opportunities for listening to live music multiplied. The article's main objectives are to illuminate the ways in which Chilean popular music addressed democracy's inspiring promises and frustrating limits and to consider how Chileans used popular music to foster new post-authoritarian identities. First, it argues that music was used to reclaim national symbols that had been coopted by the dictatorship. Second, it considers the music of two generations of musicians who returned to the country after living in exile. Finally, it focuses on punk and hip-hop, the styles that produced the most significant examples of protest music in the post-authoritarian period.

A wage-led or profit-ledge demand regime: the case of Jordan (1990-20220)

Purpose- For too long, the performance of the Jordanian economy has been dissapointing. During the period 2010-2020, the mean annual growth rate in real Gross Domestic product (GDP) was equal to 2.0 percent. In addition, the overall unemployment rate increased from 12.5 percent in 2010 to 23.2 percent in 2020. To decrease the doublie-digit unemployment, any growth strategy requires a good understanding of the characteristics of the Jordanian economy. In other words, increasing the profit share in a wage-led economy, and increasing the wage share in a profit-led economy will both have negative consequences to economic growth. Therefore, it important to identify whether the Jordanian economic regime is wage-led or profit-led. Methodology- This paper investigates the effect of changes in the functional income distribution on economic growth in Jordan during the period 1990-2020. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to assess the presence of the long-run relationship between changes in income distribution and aggregate demand. Findings- Based on the estimated results, it is argued that the the demand regime in the Jordanian economy Jordan is wage-led. In other words, an increase in the wage-share leads to higher economic growth. Conclusion- Given the challenge of unemployment, the Jordanian government and the leaders of the private sector should not allow the supply and demand sides of the labor market determine wages. The economy needs pro-labor institutional reforms to realize strong and sustainable economic growth rates. Keywords: Jordan, growth, unemployment, wage-led, profit-led, net exports, ARDL, cointegration. JEL Codes: B50, E11, E12

FROM ABEYANCE TO A ‘STRONG’ SOFT POWER: THE PROGRESSION OF INDIA’S CULTURAL SUBTLETY

The study of power has been one of the main features of global politics. It is said that sometimes in the current era, states win the wars by telling a better story instead of the state who has power and can prevail in a battleground. Though India has constantly had several soft power tactics, they had limited success as they were not combined with hard power such as a strong army and developed defense skills, particularly nuclear ability. Nevertheless, the previous decade was an important turning point that showed India’s growing hard power, driven by strong economic growth and vigorous maritime policies, which reinforced its soft power projection. Soft power has come to be one of the foundation stones of the current Indian Prime minister Narendra Modi Doctrine and is an important theme in most of his state visits. This paper analyzes the different soft power components such as civilization and ancient heritage (Buddhism, yoga, Ayurveda, Sanskrit, democracy, and Bollywood used by the Indian governments. Soft power tools have raised importance, mainly as concerns culture and values, which mixed with peaceful policies made for a truly great opportunity of using soft power. The study evaluates India’s soft power assets and liabilities, thus presenting how the state has been trying its best to make better use of its potential to realize the state’s interests. Hence, the research has largely analyzed and described numerous ways in which all over the world states have resorted their selves to soft power in the face of interdependent world order to garner influence and for the attainment of foreign policy objectives which all depend upon state resources that what they have and side by side abilities to mobilize. Keywords: India’s soft power, Hindutva, Narendra Modi, Diplomacy

Testing The Effect of Islamic Financial Inclusion, Infrastructural Quality on Economic Growth in Nigeria: New Insight From Bootstrap and Non-Linear ARDL

&lt;p&gt;Inclusive growth can hardly be achieved without improvement in the inclusive finance that would enable the vulnerable households to become key economic players. While efforts are now shifted towards the Islamic financial inclusion based on the realization of weakness of traditional financial inclusivity, the impact of Islamic financial inclusion particularly, its pathways of bridging infrastructural gaps and growth drive have been partially explored. This study examines the effect of Islamic financial inclusion, infrastructural quality on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses monthly data covering from 2017 until 2020 which was analyzed via a newly developed Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributive Lag. The results reveal a number of findings. First, the result of bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag demonstrates that there is strong co-movement between economic growth, Islamic financial inclusion, Sukuk and infrastructural quality. This finding points to the existence of a strong positive relationship between Islamic financial inclusion, infrastructural quality and economic growth in Nigeria. Second, results from nonlinear models have revealed that Islamic financial inclusion and Sukuk have asymmetric effects on economic growth. This asymmetric pattern reinforces the claim that Islamic financial inclusion can play a dedicated role in ameliorating economic downturn. Third, the results of nonlinear causality reveal strong bidirectional causality Islamic financial inclusion, economic growth and Sukuk. In this sense, inclusive Islamic finance could play a dedicated role to help countries in overcoming economic recession.&lt;/p&gt;

The Impact of Higher Mortgage Rates on the Housing and Mortgage Markets

With the Federal Reserve tightening monetary policy, mortgage rates are up considerably. Although higher rates challenge affordability nationwide, they are also associated with periods of strong economic growth, low unemployment, and higher inflation. These latter effects have historically outweighed the affordability effect, and home prices have generally risen, albeit at a slower rate, during periods of increasing interest rates. Although affordability is even more challenged now than it was just prior to the Global Financial Crisis, the housing supply shortage and solid labor market conditions provide a cushion for home price appreciation. Higher rates will reshape the housing and mortgage markets, however: Rate/term refinances are largely choked off, cash-out refinances are likely to continue at much lower levels, and purchase activity will be lower, as there will be fewer buyers and sellers. Higher rates will also lead to the expansion of the second-lien market.

SAN FRANCISCO PEACE TREATY IN THE LIGHT OF JAPANESE-CHINESE RELATIONS

The following article is devoted to the analysis of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 in the light of Sino-Japanese relations and those unresolved problems that originate in the ‘Time of Troubles’. According to this system, the states of East Asia and the Pacific region live to this day. Japan and China are the main players in East Asia and have a great influence on the international situation as a whole. The absence of the PRC, and the government of Chiang Kai-shek, at the conference in San Francisco gives rise to Beijing's desire to revise the results of the Second World War on the status of Taiwan and the Senkaku Islands. China's economic growth rate has averaged 10% per year since (1990), a clear indication that China will not be satisfied with the ‘modest role’ it was given in the region after World War II. China's demographic resource (1.5 billion people) and strong economic growth are the prerequisites that should ensure “the peaceful rise of China, the acquisition of the status of a world power without resorting to military instruments.”

Assessing the role of gender in hiring: a field experiment on labour market discrimination.

The under-representation of females within the labour market, particularly in managerial roles, has sparked a local and global debate on whether women, mostly mothers, face negative discrimination. This study distinctly adopts a field experiment methodology to investigate the presence of gender discrimination and the motherhood penalty against higher education (Bachelor, Master's, and Doctoral degree) females seeking full-time employment in the labour market at the initial stage of the recruitment process, being the call-back to the interview. This study took place in Malta, which was characterised by a low unemployment figure, complemented by strong economic growth at the time, thus enabling a proper analysis of the possible presence of gender-based discrimination even when labour demand is high. Field experiments were chosen as the methodology. This involved sending pairs of fictitious job applications belonging to two fictional male and female candidates (identical to each other except for the demographic characteristics) in response to job vacancies. Then, the employers' behaviour was recorded to assess whether they engaged in discriminatory practices. The analysis of the replies through the use of econometric models shows that there is no statistically significant evidence that employers engage in discrimination at the call-back stage of the recruitment process. Furthermore, during this distribution period, no particular age class was favoured or discriminated against, a finding that contradicts the idea that young female workers are discriminated against due to their maternal responsibilities. Such a study contributes to the growing literature on the subject, by being the first study done in Malta to scientifically test whether the significant gender employment gap present in various industries in Malta is attributed to negative discrimination against women or mothers with young children.