Strong Shoulder Research Articles

Asymmetric Fluorene‐Based Fused‐Ring Molecules Acceptors for Fullerene‐Free Organic Solar Cells

Asymmetric fluorene‐based fused‐ring molecules acceptors 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((11,11‐dioctyl‐5,5‐dioxido‐11H‐benzo[b]fluoreno[2,3‐d]thiophene‐3,9‐diyl)bis(3‐octylthiophene‐5,2‐diyl))‐bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile [BTOFIC] and 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((5,5′‐(11,11‐dioctyl‐11H‐benzo[b]fluoreno[2,3‐d]thiophene‐3,9‐diyl)bis(3‐octylthiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))‐bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diyl‐idene))dimalononitrile [BTFIC] are synthesized. BTOFIC and BTFIC are easily soluble in common organic solvents. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, and the bandgaps (Egs) of BTOFIC and BTFIC are −5.91, −3.87, and 2.04 eV and −5.72, −3.81, and 1.91 eV, respectively. BTOFIC and BTFIC show the maximum absorption peak (λmax) at 548 and 648 nm and a strong shoulder peak at 592 and 576 nm in film, and the optical bandgaps of 1.87 and 1.81 eV, respectively. The organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated with poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)] [PTB7‐Th]:BTOFIC and PTB7‐Th:BTFIC show a power conversion efficiency of 3.31% and 5.35%, respectively. In this research, it is revealed that BTOFIC and BTFIC can be potential asymmetric non‐fullerene acceptors for further development of OSCs.

A Nitrogen-rich Supernova Remnant in M31: Interaction with the Circumstellar Medium at Late Times

We present the discovery of a supernova remnant in M31 which is unlike any other remnant known in that galaxy. An optical ground-based spectrum of WB92-26 taken at the MMT and sampling most of this marginally resolved object reveals strong lines of [O ii], [Ne iii], H i, [O iii], [O i], [N ii] and [S ii], though the H i lines are very weak and the [N ii] lines are very strong. Multiple velocity components are visible in those lines, with broad wings extending to −2000 and +1500 or 2000 km s−1 (the heliocentric velocity of M31 is −300 km s−1). The lines show strong peaks or shoulders near −750, −50, and +800 km s−1 in the M31 frame. The density implied by the [S ii] ratio combined with the X-ray luminosity, FUV flux, and optical size lead us to conclude that the optical emission lines are generated by shock waves, not photoionization. Consideration of the velocity structure indicates that the emission is from a shock in the circumstellar medium (CSM). This CSM must be depleted in hydrogen and enriched in helium and nitrogen through CNO processing, and it must have had a high velocity before the explosion of the parent star, to explain the broad wings in the emission lines. We estimate the CSM shell to have a mass of 2 M ⊙, implying a core-collapse SN. It is likely that Eta Car will produce a remnant resembling WB92-26 a few thousand years after it explodes.

Concerned about Climate? You Should be Eating Rabbit

Research Article| November 01 2022 Concerned about Climate? You Should be Eating Rabbit Amy Finley Amy Finley Amy Finley is finishing an MS in food systems at the University of Vermont. A native of San Diego, California, her decision to move to New England was influenced, in part, by climate change. She has worked professionally as a trained chef for more than twenty years, has appeared on several shows on the Food Network and the Cooking Channel, and is the author of the memoir How to Eat a Small Country (Clarkson Potter, 2011). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2022) 22 (4): 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.4.90 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Amy Finley; Concerned about Climate? You Should be Eating Rabbit. Gastronomica 1 November 2022; 22 (4): 90–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.4.90 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentGastronomica Search Walking from my car to the front entrance of the Whole Foods, I heard the protestors before I saw them. It was summer 2014, and a small woman wearing bunny ears paced at the front of the crowd, a megaphone gripped in her hand. Scalded by the rays of the strong Southern California sun, her arms and shoulders were turning as pink as the wiggly nose of the white, fluffy rabbit depicted on the protestors’ waving placards—it sat on a dinner plate under the slogan, “Whole Foods is now selling our pets.” That poor woman needs sunscreen, I thought, as I shouldered my shopping bag and prepared to thread the gauntlet. Perhaps unwittingly I gave the woman some sort of look, or maybe she had some sixth sense about why I was at the market in the first place—I don’t know. But as I passed by, she turned her... You do not currently have access to this content.

First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil

A new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 is described. The material examined was collected as part of the project "Avaliação da biota bentônica e planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará" (BPOT), off northeastern Brazilian continental slope on the state of Rio Grande do Norte at depths ranging from 135 to 283 meters. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov. is recognized among its congeners by: rostrum slightly exceeding the article 2 of antenna 1; lower lip outer lobes with strong shoulder cusps; maxilliped inner plate with two apical robust setae; gnathopod 2 carpus shortened; pereopod 5 basis tapering distally; and epimeral plate 3 posterior margin weakly crenulated. This is the first record of Foxiphalus for the Atlantic Ocean and we provide an amended diagnosis of the genus and an identification key to its world species. In addition, two new records of Phoxocephalidae are reported from northeastern Brazil: Heterophoxus shoemakeri Andrade & Senna, 2020 and Metharpinia dentiurosoma Alonso de Pina, 2003.

The Correlation Between the Strength of the Shoulder and Trunk Muscular Systems in Elite Adolescent Water Polo Athletes.

Introduction Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams of seven players each. Water polo players must have swimming speed, strong abdominal and back muscles, and strong shoulder muscles to cope with this sport's special conditions. In this study, we investigate the possible association of shoulder and trunk muscle systems in adolescent water polo athletes of high demands. Materials and methods The research included 42 water polo players aged 14-16, who train regularly for at least five years, six times a week, and participate in national championships and national teams. The athletes were evaluated on the strength and torque of these muscular systems using the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 4 Pro (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc, Shirley, NY). The correlation of the results was done using the statistical package SPSS 21. Results The correlations revealed statistically significant differences in trunk extension in combination with the shoulder external/internal rotation ratio. Also, most of the correlations occurred between the trunk and non-dominant limb of the athletes and, more often, in the female athletes. Furthermore, for the hand grip, the male athletes showed a greater difference in strength between the dominant and the non-dominant member than female athletes. Finally, the evaluation of the trunk extension/flexion ratio and external/internal rotation ratio for the shoulder joint showed that many athletes are outside the normal range and need targeted strengthening. Conclusion The negative correlation coefficient between trunk extension/flexion and shoulder external/internal rotation indicates that the trunk extension mechanism helps for better internal rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, water polo players should focus on the training of the stretching mechanism of the trunk and also give weight to achieving a balance between the competing muscular systems of the trunk and the shoulder. Thus, athletes can maximize their skills and, at the same time, protect themselves from injuries.

Influence of non-adiabatic effects on linear absorption spectra in the condensed phase: Methylene blue.

Modeling linear absorption spectra of solvated chromophores is highly challenging as contributions are present both from coupling of the electronic states to nuclear vibrations and from solute-solvent interactions. In systems where excited states intersect in the Condon region, significant non-adiabatic contributions to absorption line shapes can also be observed. Here, we introduce a robust approach to model linear absorption spectra accounting for both environmental and non-adiabatic effects from first principles. This model parameterizes a linear vibronic coupling (LVC) Hamiltonian directly from energy gap fluctuations calculated along molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories of the chromophore in solution, accounting for both anharmonicity in the potential and direct solute-solvent interactions. The resulting system dynamics described by the LVC Hamiltonian are solved exactly using the thermalized time-evolving density operator with orthogonal polynomials algorithm (T-TEDOPA). The approach is applied to the linear absorption spectrum of methylene blue in water. We show that the strong shoulder in the experimental spectrum is caused by vibrationally driven population transfer between the bright S1 and the dark S2 states. The treatment of the solvent environment is one of many factors that strongly influence the population transfer and line shape; accurate modeling can only be achieved through the use of explicit quantum mechanical solvation. The efficiency of T-TEDOPA, combined with LVC Hamiltonian parameterizations from MD, leads to an attractive method for describing a large variety of systems in complex environments from first principles.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy view on the nature of Ce 4f electrons in the antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice CePd5Al2

We report an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{5}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$, focusing on the quasi-two-dimensional $k$-space nature of its Fermi surface and, tuning photon energy to the Ce $4d--4f$ on-resonance transition, the hybridization of the Ce $4f$ state. A strong shoulder feature on the ${f}^{0}$ peak was detected, suggesting hybridization between conduction and $f$ bands. On-resonance spectra revealed narrow, yet hybridized quasiparticle bands with sharp peaks and $\ensuremath{\sim}$ 9 meV energy dispersion near the Fermi energy ${E}_{F}$. The observed dispersive hybridized $f$ band can be well described by a hybridization-band picture based on the periodic Anderson model (PAM). Hence, the $4f$ electrons in $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{5}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$ display a dual nature, with both localized and itinerant features, but with dominantly localized character.

Maritime Delimitation Zones in the Framework of Customary Rules

Background and Aim: The international law of the seas is based on the strong shoulders of the powerful system of international custom that has been repeatedly cited by international judicial and arbitration authorities. Therefore, in a comprehensive study, it was necessary to study the customary rules of delimitation of maritime areas, which have undergone many changes and transformations over the centuries. The present article examines this trend with a brief look at the customary rules of delimitation of maritime areas. Materials and Methods: The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations regarding the writing of texts as well as references to sources were observed. Findings: Customary international law has played an important role in the process of forming the international law of the seas and shaping the necessary criteria to evaluate its rules. The principle of the commonality of the seas, the national authority over the seas, the principle of the freedom of the seas in the Middle Ages, the judgment of the maritime courts and the legal opinions of the maritime dispute resolution authorities are evidence of the customary rules governing the seas. If the customary rules are so effective in the formation of the rules of delimitation of maritime areas that need special attention, then the course of its evolution was examined and the impact of customary rules on the development of the law of the sea was examined. Conclusion: This article emphasizes that customary law has not provided a specific method for delimitation that is legally binding or creates a privileged position over other methods.

Studies in Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758) Part 2: Strombus anatellus Duclos, 1844, Strombus crassilabrum Anton, 1839, Strombus incisus Wood, 1828 and Strombus ustulatus form laevis Dodge, 1946 (Neostromboidae: Strombidae)

Many valid species can hide buried within prior taxonomic revisions. These need to be examined before the taxonomist embarks on the challenging task of naming new taxa. In this study we re-examine the synonyms complied by Abbott (1960) under Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758), examining each taxon for morphological clarity and distinctiveness. After considering the written descriptions and type material in light of prior revisions, we suggest that there are three valid species buried within the C. urceus synonymy of Abbott. All three species can be differentiated from C. urceus in general form, being less equi-triangulate and lacking the strong shoulder knobbing of that species. In addition, all three species are distinguishable by their distinctive aperture colouration. Canarium urceus possesses a typically black aperture, Canarium anatellum (Duclos, 1844) can be differentiated by its typically uniformly red/orange aperture, while Canarium incisum (Wood, 1828)is recognisable by the typically orange columella and outer lip, and a more triangular form. Strombus ustulatus form laevis Dodge, 1946 is the classical well-known form from the Philippines and elsewhere that is recognisable by its white columella. As the name laevis was preoccupied, we have renamed the species Canarium esculentum nomen novem. We assessed Strombus crassilabrum Anton, 1839 to be a nomen dubium. Further, our revision provides an improved hypothetical framework for the evolution and radiation of this most adaptable and variable of organisms, through increased clarity, and the re-circumscription of hitherto described taxa with distinctive morphotypes and separate biogeographical ranges.

Від Марусі Кайдашихи до Іветти Вербицької: трансформація вербалізаторів концептуальних рис жінки в українському художньому дискурсі

The article analyses the verbalizers of the ‘woman’ concept used by I. Nechuy-Levytsky to create the image of Marusia Kaydashykha (novel “Kaydasheva simya”, 1878), and by the writer Liuko Dashvar to produce the image of Ivetta Verbytska (novel “Maty vse”, 2010). The aim of the proposed study is to clarify the means of linguistic representation of the ‘woman’ concept in the novels “Kaydasheva simya” (1878) and “Maty vse” (2010) and compare them considering the author subjectivism and time gap between the works. The structure of the ‘woman’ concept, proposed by O. Chybysheva (2005) and T. Sukalenko (2009), was the theoretical basis of the analysis. Three subconcepts such as ʽExternal characteristics’, ʽInternal characteristicsʼ and ʽSocial characteristicsʼ were highlighted in the research. Each of them contains the corresponding microconcepts. ʽExternal characteristicsʼ include ʽExteriorʼ, ʽClothesʼ, and ʽShoesʼ. ʽInternal characteristicsʼ embrace ʽMoral qualitiesʼ, ‘Emotional and psychological statesʼ and ‘Intellectual featuresʼ of a woman. ʽSocial characteristicsʼ cover such microconcepts as ʽMarital statusʼ, ʽActivitiesʼ, ʽAttitude to a husbandʼ, ʽAttitude to childrenʼ, ʽAttitude to familyʼ, and ‘Attitude to other peopleʼ. The means of linguistic representation of all subconcepts and microconcepts in the artistic discourse of the analysed works were revealed. It is concluded that for almost a century and a half the conceptual features of Ukrainian women with a strong character have changed somewhat, which has also affected the linguistic verbalizers. This is especially true of a woman’s internal and social characteristics. Attractive in appearance, a loving and devoted mother, a guardian of the family, she became educated, well-bred, active, purposeful in achieving her goal. However, as a century ago, she, even married, is usually deprived of a strong male shoulder, which forces her to remain a strong, steadfast personality.

Chinese Tourists as a Sustainable Boost to Low Seasons in Ex-Yugoslavia Destinations

Seasonality is a major issue for sustainable tourism as it governs the optimal use of investment, infrastructure and human capital. Given the increasing numerical and financial significance of Chinese outbound tourism, the ex-Yugoslavia (ex-Yu) countries, partaking in the Belt and Road Initiative, are presented with a potential boost to their Tourism and Travel Industry (T&T) by attracting Chinese travelers during the low season. In an attempt to provide an answer to the RQ and justify grounds for future research and efforts towards developing content and services for Chinese travelers, to be undertaken mostly by Tourism Boards and DMOs in ex-Yugoslavia, this paper explores several aspects: The importance of the T&T in the 6 ex-Yu countries, with focus on the Economic indicators; within the Triple Bottom Line’s (TBL) theme of Seasonality, the existence of meaningful overlaps or mismatches between trends in inbound tourism across ex-Yugoslavia countries and trends in China’s outbound tourism; if meaningful mismatches exist, especially in ex-Yu low seasons, could Chinese tourists be an asset? Although the focus is on the Economic dimension of the TBL through its theme of Seasonality, the other two dimensions, Social and Environmental, are also considered; potential effects and interactions of the Viable, Equitable and Bearable sub-dimensions are also discussed. The final findings present a very significant mismatch, with extreme gaps in trends between the ex-Yu countries’ inbound tourism in low seasons and the corresponding Chinese outbound tourism, the latter presenting very strong shoulders, almost matching the values of high, or even peak, season. In a scenario projecting a range of 0.04–0.38% of Chinese outbound tourists visiting ex-Yu countries, benchmarked vs. January 2018 values, indicates the statistical significance of the potential boost to the low season, with important growth rates for all countries except Croatia and Slovenia for the 0.04% case.

Effect of biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Cucurbita seed extract on Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae with its biological applications

The biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized by biogenic reduction of applied Cucurbita seed extract. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern displayed the high crystalline nature of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and the crystallite size was calculated at 35 nm range. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red study revealed the functional groups of biogenic reduction and vibrational bands present in the synthesized nanoparticles. The UV–Visible analysis explained the SPR absorption peak at 371 nm. The Photoluminescence study revealed the strong red shoulder emission peak at 665 nm. The particle size analyzer displayed the particle size occupies majorly on 45–65 nm. The SEM analysis pointed the ZnO nanoparticles under rod, rectangular and hexagonal shapes were procured. The EDAX spectrum also mapping exposed the purity of formed ZnO nanoparticles with just Zn and O peaks. The HRTEM analysis exposed the hexagonal shape wurtzite structure ZnO particles formation. The physiochemical analysis revealed general nature of Cucurbita seed powder moreover which explained the phytochemicals involved in biogenic reduction of ZnO nanoparticles. The formed ZnO nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial activity on E. coli, Bacillus pumilus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The cytotoxicity study stated the good toxicity on E. coli AB 1157. The antifungal activity showed a better effect on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger fungi. The antioxidant activity clarified the good free radical scavenging action. The anti larvicidal activity expressed a better impact on Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae.

The Implications of Brexit for Financial Markets: Towards a Network of EU Financial Centres

Abstract The departure of the global financial centre in London from the EU raises fundamental questions about the future of the European financial market. But we should refrain from discussing which European financial centre will get which part of the London pie. Instead, we ought to be asking: How can we develop a European financial system that spreads investment and risk among many strong shoulders?

The Moon Blooms in Occupied Hours by Anis Shivani

Reviewed by: The Moon Blooms in Occupied Hours by Anis Shivani Andrea Syzdek (bio) Anis Shivani. The Moon Blooms in Occupied Hours. BlazeVOX, 11 2017. Anis Shivani's fourth collection of poems, The Moon Blooms in Occupied Hours, contains grit and muscle. The work is heavily influenced by modernist verse—it is highly political, historical, referential, and prophetic. The best poems in this collection are true heavyweights that challenge mainstream contemporary verse. The book is split into two sections: Anchorites and Sodomites and it is clear from this contrast (asceticism and hedonism) that these poems ask much of the reader in terms of how they should be read rhetorically and aesthetically. One of Shivani's best poetic assets is the way in which he uses tone. It is wonderfully dry, thick with complex diction, and full of personality. In these poems, tone builds through saturation. It takes a few poems to get the full flavor of the speaker's voice that excels in biting dark humor: "I want to construct polite mosques / over mounds of exemplary sins" and clever surrealism: "to love like tigers in garages / floating like boxes of the future / zookeepers are locked shut." In the poem "Greenland" tone is tightly constructed with the help of long, rhythmic lines that sing down the page: I was a postman in last night's dreamhandling mail for corporate thieves in limousines and my back gave in to hitler's melodyand my back gave in to stalin's melodyand my back gave in This passage is one of the more lyrical moments in the collection, but true to the overall voice of the work, merging the ideologies of tyranny, empire, and capitalism and chipping away at it with irony. These lines have more breath in them compared to other poems in the collection and are masterful in terms of depth and simplicity. The poem ends with a similar kind of rhythmic music that showcases the speaker's sharp tonal wit: like the ear under waterlike the sparrow shedding featherslike the moon's reflection in the last drying dropsat the horse's troughon a handpicked summer night Tone works well in these lines because it is a fusion of cutting sarcasm and gentleness, especially at the end with the play between "the moon's reflection in the last drying drops / at the horse's trough" and "handpicked summer night." The success here is the combination of image, diction, and rhythm which converges into a unique blend of voice that confronts and soothes. The strongest use of tone happens in "To the Twenty-First Century" with the opening line: [End Page 237] "I am battle-hardened, I will warn you," which sets the reader up for a series of prophesies drenched with political, historical, and literary references: I will be at the last-minute wedding of Hitler and Eva Braun, the poisoning of Stalin, the assassination of Trotsky, appraising each act for its performative power. As Foucault would have it, there are no more ill-natured tyrants, only discourse constituted of blasphemous whiffs of suggestion. Several lines down the speaker proclaims: "Hermann Broch will die of heartbreak, for sure, and so will Musil, / and perhaps Isherwood, and their funerals will not be televised." Tone is crucial for this poem because it is driven by an individualistic voice that pushes against oppression (from physical violence to the violence of language). And it is also fantastically defiant: I am looking forward to new meanings of exile and punishment. I am going to shelter women from strange dark nations who run from shadows, but have brutally strong shoulders. The speaker of the poem also refers to oppressed groups who struggle to survive against the pressures of empire, such as "sad young artists huddled around the radio of war" and immigrants "determined to raise tigers for kids." References help push the voice along and hold a tight grip on the reader until the very last lines: "I cannot wait to clutch this new century to my bosom, / for I am tested and ready and warned, saving my best for last." The referential nature of Shivani's work is a challenging...

Theoretical study on the vibrationally resolved spectra and quantum yield of blue phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with 2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyridine as the cyclometalated ligand

Abstract In this paper, the phosphorescent properties of six Ir(III) complexes with 2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyridine (4 F-3CF3ppyH) as the cyclometalated ligand (two experimentally reported and four novelly designed) are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and quadratic response (QR) time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) including spin−orbit coupling (SOC). The vibrationally resolved phosphorescence spectra were calculated to elucidate the experimental spectra. The strongest emission peak is mainly contributed by 0-0 transition. The strong shoulder peak can be ascribed as benzene ring and pyridine ring skeleton fundamental vibration transitions coupled with C-H wagging vibration transitions. The wide and weak emission band arises from the combination frequency. It was found that all of the six compounds could emit blue phosphorescence. To obtain the quantum yields, the radiative rate constant is quantitatively determined, while the nonradiative decay rate is qualitatively evaluated both by temperature-independent and temperature-dependent nonradiative decay processes. It shows that the quantum yields of all the six compounds are very high, which are evaluated to exceed 0.85. As a result, all of them are expected to be potential blue-emitting Ir(III) complexes.

Antiproliferative effects on human lung cell lines A549 activity of cadmium selenide nanoparticles extracted from cytotoxic effects: Investigation of bio-electronic application

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles make necessary to acquire more information against the cytotoxic effects on human lung epithelial cells A549 potential adverse to health effects. More biological studies highlighted their cytotoxic potential like pulmonary or respiratory diseases were focused on toxicity nanoparticles mechanisms are involved. The aim of our research, is the comparison of cytotoxicity effect between cells-particle interactions, viability test, membrane integrity and oxidative stress were investigated. XRD showed a strong peak associated with (111) plane of hexagonal CdSe suggesting formation of highly orientated nanoparticles. The longitudinal optical phonon shifted slightly due to strain whereas strong low-energy shoulder shift can be explained within a model for surface optical phonons. Photocatalytic activity of CdSe nanoparticles were investigated by exploiting photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The typical UV–vis absorption spectra of RhB solution at different time intervals it can be clearly seen that the relative intensity of the absorption peak corresponding to RhB, with the catalyst for different concentration time intervals (0mM, 2mM, 5mM & 10mM) of the prepared CdSe nanoparticles. After completion of 5mM % the dye was completely degraded and the absorption spectra act as a photocatalyst. CdSe nanoparticles exhibits antibacterial activity over a broad range of bacterial species and in particular against P. vulgaris where it out competes four other commonly used S. aureus, E.coli, P. vulgaris and E. hermannii, well as testing four different appropriate concentration from the results showed a significant gain in viable cell numbers of all four bacteria species, with 5mM and 10mM being the most effective and 2mM being the worst, where it provided only a slight improvement from the control in detail.

Highly Efficient Greenish-Yellow Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on a Novel 2,3-Diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine Iridium(III) Complex

A cyclometalated greenish-yellow emitter 2,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine iridium(III) complex is successfully synthesized and used to fabricate phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The optimized device exhibits a greenish-yellow emission with the peak at 523 nm and a strong shoulder at 557 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.38, 0.58). The full width at half maximum of the device is 93 nm, which is broader than the fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] based reference device of 78 nm. Meanwhile, a maximum current efficiency of 62.6 cd/A (47.5 lm/W) is obtained. This result is higher than a maximum current efficiency of 54.8 cd/A (43 lm/W) of the Ir(ppy)3 based device. The results indicate that this new iridium complex may have potential applications in fabricating high color rendering index white organic light emitting diodes.

영화 「우리에게 내일은 없다」의 의상분석

This study attempted to summarize the characteristics of fashion in the 1930s which were the background of 'Bonnie and Clyde' and analyze how fashion in the 1930s was expressed through costume in the movie, focusing on some critical scenes. For this, previous studies and domestic & foreign books, magazines and DVDs relating to movie costume were examined. For analysis of movie costume, 'Bonnie and Clyde (1967)' DVD was referred to. In the movie, meaningful scenes were captured using a GOM Player. Then, the study results found the followings: First, in terms of women's fashion in the 1930s, adult look and slim & long silhouette which naturally revealed breast, waist and hip with a long skirt, a military look with strong shoulders and tailored costume were found. In terms of men's fashion, in contrast, the Duke of Windsor Style (a slim silhouette jacket and loose pants) was popular. Second, in the movie, Bonnie's costume started with a slim linen H-line dress at her first meeting with Clyde. While committing crimes and becoming a famous gangster, she displayed the fashion styles which were in vogue in the 1930s such as fancy and luxurious slim dress, tailored suit and trench coat. Third, in terms of Clyde's costume, from his first meeting with Bonnie to his first crime, he put on common costume (ex: pants, vest, shirts, etc.) which revealed his open and unconventional character. After he became a famous gangster, he would wear the Duke of Windsor style (jacket, vest and pants). The study results well describe movie costume's role as visual language which expresses characters' inner circumstances and outer situations that reflect socio-cultural background.

Solution-processed interlayer of n-type small molecules for organic photovoltaic devices: Enhancement of the fill factor due to ordered orientation

Novel alcohol/water-soluble small molecules were obtained using various p- and n-type backbones. The synthesized molecules were dissolved in organic solvents and highly polar solvents. The DPPA film exhibited strong shoulder peak at approximately 633nm compared with the solution, which was due to the ordered orientation of DPPA. According to XRD measurements, a prominent diffraction peak at 20.1° was observed in the in-plane diffraction pattern of DPPA, which indicates an out-of-plane peak (010) due to the molecular packing by π–π stacking. A photovoltaic device containing DPPA exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.75V, a current density of 15.1mA/cm2, a fill factor of 69.0% and a power conversion efficiency of 7.9%. The photovoltaic device containing the DPPA derivative exhibited an improved power conversion efficiency compared with those containing BPA and QA (6.6% and 7.6%, respectively) due to the ordered orientation and packing of DPPA.

Solar Coronal Plumes and the Fast Solar Wind

The spectral profiles of the coronal Ne viii line at 77 nm have different shapes in quiet-Sun regions and Coronal Holes (CHs). A single Gaussian fit of the line profile provides an adequate approximation in quiet-Sun areas, whereas, a strong shoulder on the long-wavelength side is a systematic feature in CHs. Although this has been noticed since 1999, no physical reason for the peculiar shape could be given. In an attempt to identify the cause of this peculiarity, we address three problems that could not be conclusively resolved, in a review article by a study team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) (Wilhelm et al. 2011): (1) The physical processes operating at the base and inside of plumes, as well as their interaction with the Solar Wind (SW). (2) The possible contribution of plume plasma to the fast SW streams. (3) The signature of the First-Ionization Potential (FIP) effect between plumes and inter-plume regions (IPRs). Before the spectroscopic peculiarities in IPRs and plumes in Polar Coronal Holes (PCHs) can be further investigated with the instrument Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), it is mandatory to summarize the results of the review to place the spectroscopic observations into context. Finally, a plume model is proposed that satisfactorily explains the plasma flows up and down the plume field lines and leads to the shape of the neon line in PCHs.