Effect of biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Cucurbita seed extract on Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae with its biological applications

Abstract

The biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized by biogenic reduction of applied Cucurbita seed extract. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern displayed the high crystalline nature of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and the crystallite size was calculated at 35 nm range. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red study revealed the functional groups of biogenic reduction and vibrational bands present in the synthesized nanoparticles. The UV–Visible analysis explained the SPR absorption peak at 371 nm. The Photoluminescence study revealed the strong red shoulder emission peak at 665 nm. The particle size analyzer displayed the particle size occupies majorly on 45–65 nm. The SEM analysis pointed the ZnO nanoparticles under rod, rectangular and hexagonal shapes were procured. The EDAX spectrum also mapping exposed the purity of formed ZnO nanoparticles with just Zn and O peaks. The HRTEM analysis exposed the hexagonal shape wurtzite structure ZnO particles formation. The physiochemical analysis revealed general nature of Cucurbita seed powder moreover which explained the phytochemicals involved in biogenic reduction of ZnO nanoparticles. The formed ZnO nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial activity on E. coli, Bacillus pumilus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The cytotoxicity study stated the good toxicity on E. coli AB 1157. The antifungal activity showed a better effect on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger fungi. The antioxidant activity clarified the good free radical scavenging action. The anti larvicidal activity expressed a better impact on Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae.