Strong Path Research Articles

Structural Changes to Maintain a Strong Development Path in Indonesia

Abstract For many years, Indonesia’s economic growth has been remarkably steady, raising average income by around 4% per year. However, achieving such rates in the medium-to-longer term will likely be more challenging. Using a growth accounting framework and shift-share analysis, this article reviews sources of past growth to highlight opportunities to raise future income growth. The main driver of GDP per capita over the past five decades has been greater use of labor and capital. Structural change in sectoral employment has been a key driver of labor productivity growth. There is scope for productivity growth through further structural change as well as catch-up growth. The role of key policy areas in facilitating this change is considered in light of the middle-income trap literature and policy gaps are assessed in these domains. Policies related to openness, education, rule of law, financial development, and aspects of entrepreneurship all represent opportunities to set Indonesia on a higher growth path.

Perception of Customers towards Employees in Organised Retail Sector

In India, retail sector has transformed as one of the most fast growing and very vibrant industry. In global retail industry ranking, India holds fifth position, Organised retail sector in the country has got 9% of market share in overall retail sector. Kerala being a biggest consumer market state in the country , future for the expansion of organized retail has a strong path way to expand further. The main objective of this study is to examine the importance of employee approach in the organised retail sector and to examine the perception of customers in organised retail sector towards the approach of store employees at the time of shopping. The study has been carried out in major retail chains in Kerala, which has got national presence. Stores such as Big Bazaar,Aditya Birla More, RPG Spencers, Reliance Fresh and Nilgiris were selected to perform the study. This study was conducted among 326 customers who visited the mentioned stores . The response were captured by administrating a structured questionnaire. The findings of the study shows that employee approach is significantly important to enhance customer experience in organsied retail sector. The study examines that helpful and courteous approach of employees plays a vital role to enhance customer experience in organized retail sector.

Influence maximization in graph-based OLAP (GOLAP)

The notion of influence among people or organizations has been the core conceptual basis for making various decisions. With the increasing availability of datasets in various domains such as social networks and digital healthcare, it becomes more feasible to apply complex analytics on influence networks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach to managing influence networks using a set of extended graph models, called graph-based OLAP (GOLAP). The design space for GOLAP is defined by the incorporation of node types (i.e., colors), weights on relationships (i.e., edges), constraints on the number of nodes for a certain node type and constraints on the percentage of nodes for a certain node type. We begin with defining a method to find a strongest influence path (SIP) which is the strongest path from the source node to the target node. We can answer complex queries on influence networks such as “find an SIP with t nodes of color c” or “find an SIP with t% nodes of color c.” Based on the SIP model, we present a set of influence maximization methods which find a set of s seed nodes that can influence the whole graph maximally with various constraints such as having ‘t nodes of color c’. We also address methods for optimizing the time complexity of the analytics algorithms. We apply heuristic-based and graph reduction-based methods to reduce the time complexity. In addition to proving the proposed methods, we present the result of our implementation on the methods.

Optimal Scheduling Method of Transport Path in Coastal Port International Logistics Park

Tang, X., 2019. Optimal scheduling method of transport path in coastal port international logistics park. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 1125–1131. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to improve the dynamic optimization control ability of coastal port international logistics park transportation and transportation, an optimal scheduling method of coastal port international logistics park transport path based on artificial intelligence path constraint is proposed. The multi-objective evolution method is used to control the path constraint of the transport path optimization scheduling of the coastal port international logistics park, and the bee colony method is used to optimize the route selection of the transport path optimization scheduling of the coastal port international logistics park. The multi-objective Pareto mapping method is used to carry out the path planning and design of the coastal port international logistics park transport. Combined with pheromone guidance method, the adaptive control of transport path optimization scheduling of coastal port international logistics park is carried out, and the bee colony evolutionary optimization model of coastal port international logistics park transport path optimization scheduling is constructed, and the artificial intelligence algorithm of coastal port international logistics park transport path optimization scheduling is constructed according to the colony path constraint optimization method. Artificial intelligence control and adaptive optimization of transport path optimal scheduling in coastal port international logistics park are realized. The simulation results show that this method has good adaptive performance and strong path optimization control ability for the optimal scheduling of transport paths in coastal port international logistics parks.

Planning Particularities: Reinterpreting Urban Planning in China with the Case of Chengdu

ABSTRACTThe concept of neoliberalisation is increasingly applied to China to explain its unprecedented urban transformation. This paper argues against fitting China into a prototype neoliberal model. Instead it proposes a fresh interpretation of its urban planning particularities within a continuity-contestation framework, embodied in the context, governance and practice of planning. Chengdu, the gateway in West China, is chosen as a case study to illustrate this framework. Analysing the successive city Master Plans of Chengdu, it was found that there was a strong path dependency in Chengdu’s plan-making process. Yet contestations from the planning context and planning practice pressured for planning transformation. Interestingly, inconsistencies within its Master Plans sometimes worked in line with the market and mediated the conflicts between plan-led and market-led development logics.

Beam Discovery Using Linear Block Codes for Millimeter Wave Communication Networks

The surge in mobile broadband data demands is expected to surpass the available spectrum capacity below 6 GHz. This expectation has prompted the exploration of millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency bands as a candidate technology for next generation wireless networks. However, numerous challenges to deploying mm-wave communication systems, including channel estimation, need to be met before practical deployments are possible. This paper addresses the mm-wave channel estimation problem and treats it as a beam discovery problem in which locating beams with strong path reflectors is analogous to locating errors in linear block codes. We show that a significantly small number of measurements (compared to the original dimensions of the channel matrix) is sufficient to reliably estimate the channel. We also show that this can be achieved using a simple and energy-efficient transceiver architecture.

Compressive RF Training for Massive MIMO With Channel Support Side Information

Hybrid beamforming (BF) is a promising solution for massive MIMO with limited RF chains. To reduce the amount of pilot overhead for channel estimation, compressed sensing techniques that exploit channel sparsity have been proposed. One key issue is how to design the RF (analog) training vectors to achieve higher BF gain with fewer pilots. Specifically, narrow-beam RF training requires large pilot overhead for finding strongest paths, and random RF training suffers from low BF gain. We propose to use a mixture of narrow-beam and random RF training vectors, and optimize the fraction of the two sets of RF training vectors based on channel support side information (CSSI) at the BS. We show that this optimized fraction exhibits a phase transition: when the CSSI accuracy exceeds a certain threshold, the maximum number of narrow-beam RF training vectors should be used to focus beams in all directions indicated by the CSSI. Otherwise, only random RF training vectors should be used to explore the unknown channel support. Moreover, we derive closed-form bounds on the channel estimation error. Both the analysis and simulations show that the proposed method can achieve substantial gains over various baseline methods.

Application of Bipolar Neutrosophic sets to Incidence Graphs

In this research paper, we apply the idea of bipolar neutrosophic sets to incidence graphs. We present somenotions, including bipolar neutrosophic incidence graphs, bipolar neutrosophic incidence cycle and bipolar neutro-sophic incidence tree. We define strong path, strength and incidence strength of strongest path in bipolar neutrosophicincidence graphs. We investigate some properties of bipolar neutrosophic incidence graphs. We also describe anapplication of bipolar neutrosophic incidence graphs.

Influences of Project Management Capabilities on the Organizational Performance of the Saudi Construction Industry

This paper aims to study the relations between construction enterprises’ project management capabilities and organizational performance. A questionnaire survey was administered to 89 Saudi construction contracting organization administrative members. Data were obtained from 32 projects that were held during the last two years and were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). It was hypothesized in this study that a construction organizational performance is influenced by project management capabilities within the enterprise. A structural equation model was set up to measure the above two latent variables through their constituent variables. This study introduced a method to measure performance both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The strong path coefficients between the constructs of the model are an indication that after decades in pursuit of finding ways to improve the performance of construction organizations, subjective dimensions of performance have proven to be as effective as the traditional objective dimensions.

Regional stickiness of novel ideas in the scholarly international business community

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the geographic dissemination of work in International Business (IB) by investigating the extent to which research topics tend to see mostly local use – with authors from the same geographic region as the article identified by the topic model as the first article in JIBS building on the topic – vs global use – where topics are used by authors across the world.Design/methodology/approachTopic modeling is applied to all articles published in the Journal of International Business Studies between 1970 and 2015. The identified topics are traced from introduction until the end of the sampling period using negative binomial regression. These analyses are supplemented by comparing patterns over time.FindingsThe analyses show strong path dependency between the geographic origin of topics and their spread across the world. This suggests the existence of geographically narrow mental maps in the field, which the authors find have remained constant in North America, widened yet are still present in East Asia, and disappeared in Europe and other regions of the world over time. These results contribute to the study of globalization in the field of IB, and suggest that neither a true globalization nor North American hegemony has occurred in recent decades.Originality/valueThe application of topic modeling allows investigation of deeper cognitive structures and patterns underpinning the field, as compared to alternative methodologies.

Spillovers and Path Dependences in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry: A Firm-Level Analysis

In China, numerous policy interventions have been undertaken to promote exports of the manufacturing industry. In this paper, we study how the burgeoning export sector has affected the performance of the manufacturing industry. In particular, we focus our attention on two dimensions: efficiency and technological advancement, and the presence of spillovers and path dependences. The main feature of our empirical study is to distinguish between different types of firms according to their output orientation, ownership, and technology intensity. We also recognize that outputs for domestic use and exports may be produced using different technologies. Our results demonstrate the superiority of multi-output firms in both efficiency and technological advancement. Further, these firms generate strong outgoing spillovers to the industry. In contrast, export-only firms are found to be the most inefficient and technologically underdeveloped, while barely generating outgoing spillovers. In terms of efficiency and technological advancement, we also find that foreign- and privately-owned firms and high-tech firms are the best performers. Finally, we find evidence of strong path dependence and weak absorptive capacities for incoming spillovers in the manufacturing industry. We give targeted policy recommendations based on these findings.

Managing pharmaceutical shortages: an overview and classification of policy responses in Europe and the USA

This exploratory article gives a cross-sectional account of how established health-care systems have responded to the novel challenge of drug shortages. In line with previous research, our analysis confirms the existence of strong path dependence in the adoption of policy responses. This path dependence is manifested in a pronounced typology of response patterns where jurisdictional approaches to the management of drug shortages differ along two core dimensions. These are the salience attributed to the problem, and the level to which state organisations engage with the problem. These patterns are mirrored in the conceptual framing and strategic orientation of the respective drug shortage policies, with: Spanish and Irish drug shortage policies focusing on the individual product level and being largely reactive; US policies focusing on the therapeutic level, with a focus on mitigation; and German and Austrian policies seeking to address the active ingredient level, with a proactive focus on shortage prevention. Despite the importance of legacies, we find evidence of innovation and path creation particularly in relation to the US and German approaches, which we explain by the simultaneous occurrence of internal crisis and pressures from local stakeholders. Points for practitioners This article addresses a major challenge, drug shortages, which has emerged in recent years and could be characterised as a ‘system shock’. A typology of policies adopted based on an analysis of a range of health system responses is developed. Fundamental differences across these responses are evident, such as level of action (individual product level/therapeutic level/active ingredient level), time frame (from ad hoc/short term to long term) and strategic approach (reactive/mitigating/preventive). This analysis finds fundamentally different policies, such as delegated institutional powers and census management/network governance. The typology based on the salience attributed to the problem and the nature (proactive/reactive) of policymaking may assist stakeholders in health systems to critique their approach to this challenge and, at a more fundamental level, how the system responds to disruptive events.

Preamble Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Sparse Channel Identification

Preamble detection before data transmission is an important module for an underwater communication system, since false detections would bring undesirable consequences in terms of the lifetime and coexistence of underwater networks. This paper conducts a thorough investigation of preamble detection in adverse underwater acoustic channels in the presence of various external interference, such as narrowband interference, impulsive noise, partial-band partial-block-duration interference, and chirps from nearby systems—The Gaussian noise model is not sufficient. We propose two novel detection methods based on the inherent sparsity of underwater acoustic channels: The first method declares signal detection when a sparse signal reconstruction is successful, whereas the second method accumulates the correlation coefficients from multiple paths instead of just the strongest path. We study the performance of the proposed methods based on simulations and experimental data sets, where the detection thresholds are empirically obtained. Performance results testify to the clear advantages of the proposed detection methods relative to existing matched-filter based approaches in various interference conditions.

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Determinants of Innovation Output in China

Based on the Entropy Method, ESDA and spatial panel data model methods using urban patents database of China’s 285 cities during 2014-2015, this article explored the spatial pattern and determinants of innovative output. The results show that: Innovative output shows obvious characteristics of geographical agglomeration and spatial agglomeration. Most cities had strong path dependence and lock-in characteristics, and transition didn’t occur. When the inter-city correlation is considered, human capital and industrial base are the major driving forces for boosting innovation output. The input of innovation elements will not only promote the improvement of local innovation ability, but also promote the development of innovation capability in the neighboring cities.

The Kurds of Turkey: National, Religious and Economic Identities

The Kurds of Turkey: National, Religious and Economic Identities

The Role of Price in Deciding to Purchase Ready-to-Drink Tea

The purpose of this research is to test the factors that influence the decision to purchase The Pucuk Harum tea. There are three variables tested: brand image, price and product quality. The questionnaire was delivered to 100 @pucukharumid consumers and bootstrapped for a 500 data sample. The findings support that all factors, i.e. brand image, price and product quality, significantly influence the decision to purchase The Pucuk Harum. The most important factor is the price, and the factor that had the least influence is image. Smart PLS Simultaneous Equation Modelling was conducted to measure the indirect relationship between fourpaths within the model. The results show that the strongest path is the process of prices that affect the image through the product quality. The price is also an antecedent factor that mostly influences the purchase decision through other variables within the model.

Barriers and Recommendations to Innovative Ownership Models for Wind Power

Local ownership models have proven to be an important way to avoid local resistance to onshore wind turbines. As wind power expands into onshore and nearshore wind farms, such ownership models become of increasing importance, while also undergoing further development. This paper uses the Choice Awareness theory to examine some of the barriers connected to the implementation of these new ownership models and presents recommendations to overcome such barriers. Choice Awareness addresses societal aspects (discourse, socioeconomics, and public regulation) mainly related to implementing alternatives to existing technologies. For the theory to be able to embrace the complexity of the transition of the energy system more holistically, we explore and specify the organizational dimension of choice-eliminating mechanisms. Based on the case of an NGO’s attempt to bid for a tender for nearshore wind turbines, it is shown how the central administration prevents new innovative ownership models from entering the tender. A strong path dependency has led to a conscious or unconscious elimination of projects based on organizational structures that do not fit the definition of large energy companies. As a result of this, the paper makes three recommendations for policy changes with the aim to secure equal possibilities for actors involved in nearshore wind power tenders.

Ambient seismic noise wavefield in Japan characterized by polarization analysis of Hi-net records

The polarization of seismic waves can be used to infer the directionality of the ambient noise wavefield. We demonstrate a simple relationship between the vertical–horizontal cross-spectra at a single station and the azimuthal energy distribution of incident waves. The imaginary parts of the cross-spectra are related to the azimuthal energy distribution of elliptically polarized waves (Rayleigh waves), and the real parts are related to linearly polarized waves (P waves). The relationship can be used to estimate the dominant backazimuth and directional intensity of the incident waves. We apply our polarization method to records of length 1 yr observed by Hi-net to investigate the characteristics of the ambient noise wavefield in Japan. Rayleigh waves in secondary microseisms in the period range 4–8 s are sensitive to ocean wave activity in the adjacent sea, showing seasonal variations in directionality that are related to a pressure source region estimated by an ocean wave model. Compared with Rayleigh waves, the sources of the P wave energy are distant. The relative contribution of P wave energy in ambient noise increases when the adjacent sea is calm. At periods of 2–4 s, the directionality of the ambient noise wavefield seems to correspond to major tectonic boundaries. In addition to spatial variations of directionality due to the source distribution of microseisms in 2–4 s, strong crustal heterogeneities along tectonic boundaries may produce the abrupt change in the directionality. Trapping and scattering in thick sediments and around those boundaries may reduce the ambient noise directionality originating from their source distribution. The backazimuths at 1–2 s periods point towards the nearest coasts from each station without remarkable seasonal variations, which is attributed to strong path effects, wave scattering and attenuation. As polarization analysis is applicable through a wide frequency range our technique provides a means of characterizing the broad-band ambient seismic wavefield.

Gap Waveguide Technology for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Systems

Millimeter-wave communication systems require many innovative antennas adapted for future application scenarios such as the upcoming 5G cellular networks. Due to the strong path loss in free space at the millimeter-wave frequency range, high gain and low-cost antennas are in great demand. Also, advanced features such as multi-beam for multiple user, dual-polarization, or even complete phased arrays with enormous degrees of freedom in beamforming are some of the key research lines for antenna designers nowadays. In this article an overview of a new type of family of low-loss antennas and components based on the recently developed gap waveguide technology is presented. With the advent of new millimeter-wave applications, this low-cost and low-loss waveguide technology can be considered as a good candidate to be used as the core RF building block.

A Scalable and Statistically Robust Beam Alignment Technique for Millimeter-Wave Systems

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands provide an opportunity for much wider channel bandwidth compared with the traditional sub-6-GHz band. Communication at mm-waves is, however, quite challenging due to the severe propagation pathloss incurred by conventional isotropic antennas. To cope with this problem, directional beamforming both at the base station (BS) side and at the user equipment (UE) side is necessary in order to establish a strong path conveying enough signal power. Finding such beamforming directions is referred to as beam alignment (BA). This paper presents a new scheme for efficient BA. Our scheme finds a strong propagation path identified by an angle-of-arrival (AoA) and angle-of-departure (AoD) pair, by exploring the AoA–AoD domain through pseudo-random multi-finger beam patterns and constructing an estimate of the resulting second-order statistics (namely, the average received power for each pseudo-random beam configuration). The resulting under-determined system of equations is efficiently solved using non-negative constrained least-squares, yielding naturally a sparse non-negative vector solution whose maximum component identifies the optimal path. As a result, our scheme is highly robust to variations of the channel time dynamics compared with alternative concurrent approaches based on the estimation of the instantaneous channel coefficients, rather than of their second-order statistics. In the proposed scheme, the BS probes the channel in the downlink and trains simultaneously an arbitrarily large number of UEs. Thus, “beam refinement,” with multiple interactive rounds of downlink/uplink transmissions, is not needed. This results in a scalable BA protocol, where the protocol overhead is virtually independent of the number of UEs, since all the UEs run the BA procedure at the same time. Extensive simulation results illustrate that our approach is superior to the state-of-the-art BA schemes proposed in the literature in terms of training overhead in multi-user scenarios and robustness to variations in the channel dynamics.