Strong Interfacial Interaction Research Articles

Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies of the perfluorosulfonic acid-based composite membranes containing sulfonated graphene oxide for fuel cell applications

In this investigation, to understand the impact on glass transition temperature (Tg) and increase the mechanical properties (elastic and shear modulus), proton conductivity, and single-cell performance, sulfonic acid (-SO3H) functionalized graphene oxide (SGO) was introduced in the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes (Nafion). We conducted atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of fully dry and hydrated PFSA membranes at various hydration levels and SGO loading. The Tg of PFSA polymer composite membranes was increasing with the rising loading percentage of SGO because of the strong connection between the SGO and the PFSA polymer chains in the fully dry states. In addition, the strong antiplasticization effect of water resulted in a further increase of the Tg of hydrated Nafion/SGO-4 composite membranes. The elastic and shear modulus of the Nafion/SGO (Nafion is trade name PFSA membranes) composites increased significantly with SGO loading because of the strong interfacial interaction between SGO and PFSA polymer chains. PFSA membranes loaded with SGO exhibited significant improvement in proton conductivity up to 0.167 S/cm at 90% relative humidity (RH), 95˚C, 2 wt% SGO loading, which is 1.51 times of recast Nafion membrane. In addition, PFSA composite membrane showed excellent fuel cell performance in terms of maximum power density up to 0.97 W/cm2 at 100% RH, 80 ˚C, 2 wt% SGO loading, which is ∼1.3 times of recast Nafion membrane at similar test conditions because of the hygroscopic nature of SGO, the creation of interconnected proton-conducting channels, and the reduction of fuel permeability through the prepared composite membranes.

Mechanistic insights into the formation of surface oxygen vacancies with controllable concentration and long-term stability in small-molecule bonded bismuth-based semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst

Constructing oxygen vacancies (OVs) with desired concentration and stability on the surfaces of semiconductors has been demonstrated to be a powerful tactic to enhance their photocatalytic performances. Nevertheless, forming OVs usually requires rigorous conditions, and OVs harshly suffer from deactivation during photoreaction. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to introduce surface OVs with tunable concentrations and long-term stability in bismuth-based semiconductors (BBS) through organic small-molecule surface-bonding. Taking I-doped BiOCl (I-BiOCl) as a model photocatalyst and catechol and its derivatives as ligands, a series of organic/I-BiOCl bonded hybrid photocatalysts are successfully synthesized. Compared with I-BiOCl, hybrid photocatalysts exhibited substantially enhanced catalytic activity toward multiple contaminants removal. Experimental characterizations and DFT calculations reveal a strong interfacial interaction between organic ligands and BBS through the formation of BiOC bonds, which lengthen Bi-O bonds within [Bi2O2]2+ structural units and reduce the formation energy of OVs, facilitating the escape of lattice O atoms and thus producing abundant surface OVs. More importantly, the concentration of OVs can be easily regulated by controlling the number of organic ligands, and the OVs exhibit high stability during photoreaction, attributing to the existence of high-valence-state Bi(3+x)+ that is near the OVs, which would not be re-oxidized by oxidative species like the low-valence-state Bi(3-x)+, that is, they would not be reset to original Bi3+. As a verification of its universality, the surface bonded strategy has been successfully extended to other BBS.

Enhancements in damping properties and thermal conductivity of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber by using hindered phenol modified alumina

AbstractHighly integrated electronic components used under mechanical vibration usually require the vibration‐reduction and heat‐dissipation protection from rubber composites. But it is still a challenge to simultaneously improving damping properties and thermal conductivity of rubber. Herein, hindered phenol modified alumina is prepared and filled to acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR), leading to NBR/modified alumina composites with strong interfacial interaction. The composites exhibit superior damping properties. They have higher hysteresis ratio, damping coefficient, damping factor at 25°C, and effective damping temperature ranges than NBR and its unmodified alumina composites. The NBR/modified alumina composites also have higher thermal conductivity and lower relaxation rate than NBR and its alumina composites. The modification of alumina by the hindered phenol is an effective method for preparing NBR composites with extraordinary combination of good damping properties and high thermal conductivity. The composites have a great application potential for vibration‐reduction and heat‐dissipation protection of electronic components.

Synergistically enhanced solar light‐driven degradation of hazardous food colorants by ultrasonically derived MgFe2O4/S‐doped g‐C3N4 nanocomposite: A Z‐scheme system‐based heterojunction approach

Magnesium ferrite/sulfur‐doped graphitic nitride (MFO/SCNNS) heterostructure has been developed via sonication‐assisted deposition of zero‐dimensional MFO over the surface of two‐dimensional SCN nanosheets. Additionally, the prepared nanocomposite material has been characterized by several analytical characterization techniques including XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED), energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV–Vis. spectroscopy, electron spin resonance(ESR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which indicated the existence of strong interfacial interactions via heterojunction formation between MFO and SCNNS. The as prepared nanocomposite, especially MFO:SCNNS (1:1) (having 1:1 mass ratio of MFO to SCNNS), offered impressive photo‐response for the complete degradation of Erythrosine B and Indigo Carmine within 30 min under direct solar light irradiation. The enhanced photoactivity of the MFO:SCNNS (1:1) was also confirmed by the photoluminescence, photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Mott–Schottky analysis also depicts the formation of p‐n heterojunction at the interface of MFO and SCNNS, responsible for the enhanced photoactivity. Additionally, the degradation process has also been studied using mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, and ESR spectral analysis. The trapping experiments were also conducted to confirm the formation of active radical species during the photodegradation reaction. Furthermore, the nanocomposite photocatalytic material offered excellent stability and reusability and thus can serve as an effective candidate for environmental remediation application such as real waste water treatment.

Hydrocarbon Resin-Based Composites with Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Dielectric Loss for High-Frequency Copper Clad Laminates.

The rapid development of the 5G communication technology requires the improvement of the thermal stability and dielectric performance of high-frequency copper clad laminates (CCL). A cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) resin was added to the original 1,2-polybutadienes (PB)/styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) binary resin system to construct a PB/SEBS/COC ternary polyolefin system with optimized dielectric properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption. Glass fiber cloths (GFCs) and SiO2 were used to fill the resin matrix so to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) and enhance the mechanical strength of the composites. It was found that the CTE of polyolefin/GFCs/SiO2 composite laminates decreased with the increase of SiO2 loading at first, which was attributed to the strong interfacial interaction restricting the segmental motion of polymer chains between filler and matrix. It was obvious that the addition of COC and SiO2 had an effect on the porosity, as shown in the SEM graph, which influenced the dielectric loss (Df) of the composites directly. When the weight of SiO2 accounted for 40% of the total mass of the composites, the laminates exhibited the best comprehensive performance. Their CTE and Df were reduced by 63.3% and 22.0%, respectively, and their bending strength increased by 2136.1% compared with that of the substrates without COC and SiO2. These substrates have a great application prospect in the field of hydrocarbon resin-based CCL.

Super-strong and anti-tearing poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nano-composite hydrogels fabricated by formation of multiple crosslinking bonding network structure

As load-bearing material in biomedical-applications as cartilage replacement, artificial meniscus and tendons, etc., poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)-tannic acid (TA) nano-composite hydrogels with multiple-crosslinking network were fabricated by establishing freezing/thawing-annealing-swelling method. By TA anchoring, PVA molecules were grafted onto GO surface efficiently, and strong interfacial interaction led to exfoliation and uniform distribution of GO in matrix. By introducing annealing process, the crystallinity and crystallite size of PVA increased and introducing GO-TA led to more perfect and denser crystalline structure, while physical crosslinking network centered on GO-TA and hydrogen bond-abundant crystalline phase formed, resulting in increasing crosslinking density of hydrogel. By further swelling in CaCl2 aqueous solution, hydroxyl-Ca2+ coordination formed, and multiple-crosslinking network was constructed with high crosslinking density. The tensile strength and fracture toughness of composite hydrogel were remarkably improved, reaching 14.38 MPa/27.93 MJ/m3, approximately 11-/26-fold higher than those of neat PVA hydrogel, while tearing strength was significantly enhanced, attributed to high energy dissipation through unzipping multiple interactions.

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalysis of a rare-earth cerium/silver/zinc oxide inorganic nanocomposite

Abstract A cerium/silver/zinc oxide (Ce/Ag/ZnO) inorganic nanocomposite was synthesized through a homogeneous precipitation method. The characterization and photocatalysis procedures were carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and photocatalytic performance. The characteristic absorption peak of ZnO was near 432 cm−1, no absorption was observed peak near 1,083 cm−1 for CeO2 and ZnO, the absorption peak near 721 cm−1 was generated by the vibration of CeO2, and the absorption peak had an obvious blue shift. The XRD results showed a strong interfacial interaction among Ag, CeO2 and ZnO to form a core–shell structure. The SEM image showed that the Ce/Ag/ZnO samples are approximately 25 nm. The XPS spectra showed that the Ce/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite powders were successfully prepared. The UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra showed that the Ce/Ag/ZnO nanocomposites reduced the band gap and increased the ability of visible light response. The addition of rare earth Ce could inhibit the recombination of ZnO photoelectron pairs and improve the photocatalytic effect. Therefore, Ce/Ag/ZnO exhibited good characteristics of nanocomposite materials and good photocatalytic ability.

Interfacial interaction-dependent in situ restructure of NiO/TiO2 photocatalysts

Composite photocatalysts often undergo in situ restructure during photocatalytic reactions. Herein we report that the NiO-TiO2 interfacial interaction of NiO/TiO2 photocatalysts prepared via an ion exchange method strongly influences in situ restructure processes. With the Ni loading increasing, TiO2 supported NiO nanoparticles, TiO2 (core)-NiO (ultrathin shell) and TiO2 (core)-NiO (ultrathin shell) supported NiO nanoparticles are acquired sequentially. During photocatalytic water reduction reaction, TiO2 supported NiO nanoparticles and TiO2 (core)-NiO (ultrathin shell) are stable due to strong NiO-TiO2 interfacial interaction, whereas NiO nanoparticles supported on TiO2 (core)-NiO (ultrathin shell) are reduced to Ni nanoparticles, resulting enhanced photocatalytic activity. These findings bridge heterogeneous thermocatalysis and photocatalysis with the phenomenon of interfacial interaction-dependent in situ restructure.

High-Performance Crack-Resistant Elastomer with Tunable "J-Shaped" Stress-Strain Behavior Inspired by the Brown Pelican.

The gular sac tissue of brown pelican featured by the curvy pattern of fibers has an excellent combination of strain-stiffening behavior and fracture resistance. We develop an embroidery-reinforcement and solvent-welding strategy to fabricate a biomimetic elastomer with similar structure to that of the gular sac tissue. The embroidery reinforcement enables a well-designed biomimetic pattern of aramid fibers, and the solvent welding induces strong interfacial interaction between the aramid fibers and polyurethane matrix. This strategy endows the composite with excellent strain-stiffening behavior, fracture resistance, mechanical strength, and toughness, which are even better than the living prototype. Finite elements analysis reveals that the curvy pattern and strong interfacial interaction are crucial for both the J-shape behavior and the mechanical properties. The facile and robust strategy can be extended to other fibers reinforced polymers and should be promising for development of strong and tough soft materials with "J-shape" behavior.

0D/2D/1D silver-decorated CuPc/Bi2MoO6 Z-scheme heterojunctions enable better visible-light-driven tetracycline photocatalysis

The pursuit of a desirable photocatalytic technology has always been accompanied by photocatalyst design and development, marking high activity, long-term stability, and low cost. Herein, an in-situ deposition approach is used to integrate plasmonic 0D Ag nanoparticles on the surface of 2D slice-like 2,9,16,23-tetranitrocopper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) sensitized 1D Bi2MoO6 nanofibers (Ag-CuPc/Bi2MoO6) for visible-light-induced tetracycline (TC) photocatalysis. Benefiting from the combination of 2D CuPc sensitization, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of 0D Ag nanoparticles, we experimentally find that the Ag-CuPc/Bi2MoO6 nanofibers boost the visible-light utilization efficiency, promote charge transfer, and separation, and accelerate electron redox transformation in TC photocatalysis. The superior photocatalytic activity is attributed to the strong interfacial interaction, and Z-scheme heterojunction synergy in Ag-CuPc/Bi2MoO6 nanofibers. This work opens new horizons for the delicate design of promising Z-scheme visible-light photocatalysts for the removal of antibiotics in wastewater, realizing water purifications.

A novel hierarchical heterostructure of hollow La2Ti2O7/In2O3 with strong interface interaction for photocatalytic antibiotic degradation

Interfacial regulation in solar-light-responsive heterostructures is considered an effective strategy to address efficient charge transfer. However, the conscious design of interfacial engineering is still a great challenge. Herein, sandwich-like La2Ti2O7/In2O3 hierarchical tubular heterostructure was reasonably designed to modulate the interface structure for efficient photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation. Systematic investigations reveal that the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is affirmed using the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, density functional theory calculations and in-situ irradiated XPS spectra. The hierarchical tubular heterostructure is responsible for improved light absorption and active sites, while the strong interfacial interaction can induce the separation and migration of photogenerated charges. Thus, the optimized photocatalyst exhibits high ciprofloxacin degradation rate of 98.2% in 100 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0408 min−1, which is about 98.05-fold and 38.86-fold of the pristine In2O3 and La2Ti2O7, respectively.

Largely Improved Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites via In Situ Polymerization with Low Loading of Graphene Oxide

Polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared and reinforced by graphene oxide (GO) via in situ polymerization. A two-step solvent-replacement process was used to perfectly disperse GO in the PU nanocomposites. The composites exhibited significant improvement in mechanical properties. With only a small amount (0.02 wt%) of GO, the tensile strength showed an increment of 60%. The interfacial interaction between GO and the polymer matrix was deeply investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the thickness and thermal stability of the polymer-grafted-GO increased obviously. The extreme improvement of the mechanical properties is attributed to the excellent dispersion of GO in the matrix and the strong interfacial interaction. In addition, the resiliency of the PU–GO nanocomposites is still outstanding.

Biobased Resin for Sustainable Stereolithography: 3D Printed Vegetable Oil Acrylate Reinforced with Ultra-Low Content of Nanocellulose for Fossil Resin Substitution.

The use of biobased materials in additive manufacturing is a promising long-term strategy for advancing the polymer industry toward a circular economy and reducing the environmental impact. In commercial 3D printing formulations, there is still a scarcity of efficient biobased polymer resins. This research proposes vegetable oils as biobased components to formulate the stereolithography (SLA) resin. Application of nanocellulose filler, prepared from agricultural waste, remarkably improves the printed material's performance properties. The strong bonding of nanofibrillated celluloses' (NFCs') matrix helps develop a strong interface and produce a polymer nanocomposite with enhanced thermal properties and dynamical mechanical characteristics. The ultra-low NFC content of 0.1-1.0 wt% (0.07-0.71 vol%) was examined in printed samples, with the lowest concentration yielding some of the most promising results. The developed SLA resins showed good printability, and the printing accuracy was not decreased by adding NFC. At the same time, an increase in the resin viscosity with higher filler loading was observed. Resins maintained high transparency in the 500-700 nm spectral region. The glass transition temperature for the 0.71 vol% composition increased by 28°C when compared to the nonreinforced composition. The nanocomposite's stiffness has increased fivefold for the 0.71 vol% composition. The thermal stability of printed compositions was retained after cellulose incorporation, and thermal conductivity was increased by 11%. Strong interfacial interactions were observed between the cellulose and the polymer in the form of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl and ester groups, which were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This research demonstrates a great potential to use acrylated vegetable oils and nanocellulose fillers as a feedstock to produce high-performance resins for sustainable SLA 3D printing.

Blends Based on Poly(ε-Caprolactone) with Addition of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Coconut Fibers: Thermal Analysis, Ageing Behavior and Application for Embossing Process.

In this research a biodegradable blend of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is proposed as a new material for the production of a relief printing plate used for special applications on packaging materials, i.e., the embossing process. Coconut fibers (CFs) were added as a natural filler to PCL/PLA blends to improve the functional properties of the prepared blends. Thermal, mechanical and surface analyses were performed on the unaged and artificially aged blends. The results showed that CF has been proven to optimize the hardness of the blend, which is crucial for the production of relief plate for embossing applications. The lowest hardness was measured on neat PCL (53.30° Sh D) and the highest value on PCL/PLA/CF 70/30/3.0 blend (60.13° Sh D). Stronger interfacial interactions were present at the PLA/CF interface because the interfacial free energy is closer to zero and the work of adhesion and spreading coefficient are higher than for the PCL/CF interface. The results of thermal analysis of unaged and aged blends showed that ageing for 3 weeks resulted in significantly lower thermal stability, especially for neat PCL and PCL/PLA 80/20 blends. Blends with a higher content of PLA and CF showed a slightly increased ageing resistance, which is attributed to the increased crystallinity of PLA after ageing due to the addition of CF showed in the DSC diagrams.

Enhancement of thermoelectric property of carbon nanotubes by p-type doping with judicious molecular design of spiro-bifluorene derivatives

Although thermoelectric composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with organic polymers or small organic molecules have witnessed explosive achievements, judicious molecular design still remains a great challenge. Here, p-type doping using spiro-bifluorene derivatives is proposed to significantly improve single-walled CNT (SWCNT) thermoelectric performance. The composite shows an increase of ∼108% in room-temperature power factor relative to the pristine SWCNT (112.6 ± 4.3 μW m-1 K-2), with the maximum of 239.2 ± 4.2 μW m-1 K-2. The corresponding mechanism of effective p-type doping and strong interfacial interaction are elucidated by calculated energy levels, SWCNT surface coating and photophysical spectroscopic measurements. Finally, the thermoelectric device connected in series display an open-circuit voltage and an output power of 9.77 mV and 57.3 nW, respectively at a temperature gradient of 30 K. The results will benefit the exploitation of novel CNT-based TE composites and their applications.

Interfacial design of nanocellulose/boron nitride nanosheets composites via calcium ion cross-linking for enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical robustness

Highly thermally conductive composites with synergetic mechanical robustness and desirable thermal stability are crucially significant for the effective thermal management of modern electronics, yet it remains challenging due to the unsatisfied interfacial interactions. Herein, high aspect ratio carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) and calcium ion cross-linking strategy were innovatively introduced in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) composites to achieve their interfacial regulation and multifunctional integration. Impressively, the resultant Ca2+-CNFs/BNNS/c-CNTs composites exhibited a densely packed hierarchical structure and strong interfacial interactions, which provided continuous thermal conduction path for phonons transport. As a result, the Ca2+-CNFs/BNNS/c-CNTs composites were endowed with high in-plane thermal conductivity (13.46 W m−1 K−1), promising tensile strength (134 MPa), and excellent thermal stability. These findings provide a feasible interfacial engineering strategy to design the high-performance thermally conductive composites, holding great promise for advanced thermal management applications in modern electronics.

Theoretical study of the interfacial properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin nanocomposites

We demonstrate the effect of defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the interfacial interaction of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites by first-principles calculation. Atomistic interface models consisting of single-walled CNT and epoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; DGEBA) were used. Total energy, the partial density of states, and electronic charge distributions were investigated. The results indicated a weak interaction between the defect-free CNT and the epoxy. When the DGEBA was placed over the site nearest to the defect on a CNT, it was found to be energetically stable. Moreover, shared charge density, which may result in a stronger interfacial interaction, was observed between the CNT and DGEBA. The presence of the defects is responsible for providing the valence electrons that do not participate in the carbon–carbon bond in the CNTs. Consequently, we conclude that the defects in the CNT are sometimes useful and may enhance interfacial adhesion at the interface of nanocomposites.

Electric metal contacts to monolayer blue phosphorus: electronic and chemical properties

The contact nature when monolayer blue phosphorus (blueP) interfaces with three transition metal electrodes (i.e., Pd, Ir, and Pt) was unraveled by the ab initio density functional theory calculations. Specifically, n-type Schottky contact is observed for Ir(111)-blueP, in contrast, p-type Schottky contacts are formed for Pd(111)- and Pt(111)-blueP. The Fermi level is pinned partially at metal-blueP interfaces due to two interfacial behaviors: one being the modification of metal work function caused by interface dipole formation ascribed to a redistribution of charges, and the other being the production of gap states that are dominated by P p-orbitals since the intralayer PP bonds are weakened by the interfacial metal-P interactions. The incorporation of metal substrates would also significantly alter the chemical properties of the adsorbed monolayer blueP. The binding strength of hydrogen can be enhanced by as much as 0.9 eV, which resulted from two parts: one is the charge transfer from metal substrate to monolayer blueP rendering a stronger HP coupling; the other is a strong interfacial interaction after the hydrogen adsorption. The free energy change of H adsorption onto Ir(111)-blueP is as low as 0.16 eV which is comparable to the most efficient catalyst of Pt. These findings would provide theoretical guidance for the future design of electronic devices based on blueP and exploration of its potential in novel catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction.

The Influence of Thermal Treatments on Anchor Effect in NMT Products.

The anchor effect in nanomolding technology (NMT) refers to the effect that polymer nanorods in nanopores on metal surfaces act as anchors to firmly bond the outside polymer components onto the metal surface. In this work, the influences of thermal treatments on the anchor effect are studied at microscopic level from the perspective of interfacial interaction by a model system (poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and alumina nanopore composite). The differential scanning calorimeter and fluorescence results indicate that the formation of a dense polymer layer in close contact with the pore walls after proper thermal treatments is the key for a strong interfacial interaction. Such polymer layers were formed in NMT products composed of PBMA and aluminum after slow cooling or annealing, with an up to eighteen-fold improvement of the interfacial bonding strength. The polymer chains near the nanopore walls eliminate the thermal stress induced by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients through relaxation over time and remain in close proximity with the pore walls during the cooling process of nanomolding. The above dynamic behaviors of the polymer chains ensure the formation of stable interfacial interaction, and then lead to the formation of the anchor effect.

Evaluation of ultimate engineering properties of polytetrafluoroethylene/carbon-aerogel/glass fiber porous composite

A novel polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/ carbon-aerogel (CA) coating was applied on the glass fiber mat (GFM) via a dip-coating procedure followed by a pad-dry-cure method. Dispersions and distribution of CA, fiber diameter, and surface roughness were assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of different coating baths — 50 and 100 g/L PTFE with various CA concentrations (0–6 W/V.%) — on thermal, electrical, mechanical, acoustical, permeability, and surface properties of the CA/PTFE/GFM composites was studied. Thermal and electrical properties revealed that porous carbonic fillers could improve thermal insulation and enhance electrical conductivity illustrating carbon-aerogel materials' notable property. After coating procedure, tensile strength increased from 1.06 MPa for neat GFM to 1.62 and 1.63 MPa for CA6/PTFE50/GFM and CA6/PTFE100/GFM, respectively, due to reducing fibers' surface defects and well-diffused PTFE polymer chains within the CA networks that generates strong interfacial interaction. In addition, air permeability and noise absorption coefficient decreased via raising the CA content due to enhancing the thickness and attenuating the received sounds through porous CA. Eventually, contact angle and sliding angle illustrated that the hydrophobicity increased by adding CA and PTFE due to reducing surface tension of the composites.