Strong Category Research Articles

The feasibility of e-encyclopedia on plants structure and function as teaching material for junior high school students in Pontianak

This study aims to determine the feasibility and responses of students to the E-Encyclopedia on the structure and function of plants material for the 8<sup>th</sup> grade of junior high school students. This is a Research and Development (R&D) which consists of 7 stages namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, product design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The instrument used was the validation sheet of the E-Encyclopedia of Plant Structure and Function and a student response questionnaire filled out by 15 respondents. The average result of the validation analysis of Aiken's V E-Encyclopedia of Plant Structure and Function obtained 0,90 is in the valid category, while the reliability value of 0,775 is in the sufficient reliability category. The results of the questionnaire response analysis obtained an average of 77,6%, namely in the strong category. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the e-encyclopedia is appropriate to be used as teaching material on the Structure and Function of Plants for 8<sup>th</sup> grades of junior high school.

The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Job Satisfaction Mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

This study aims to determine how transformational leadership influences employee performance, and whether OCB variables can mediate the relationship between transformational leadership style and employee performance. This research was conducted on employees of the General Sector of the Probolinggo Regency Food Security and Agriculture Service with a total of 30 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used saturated sampling where all populations were sampled. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire which was analyzed with a scale range and Partial Least Square (PLS) 4.0. The results of calculating this scale range show that transformational leadership is at a high level, employee performance is in the high category, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior is in the strong category. The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect OCB. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and is able to mediate the effect of the relationship between transformational leadership on employee performance.

Socialization of The Use of Melinjo Leaf Ethanol Extract (Gnetum gnemon L.) on Growth Salmonella typhi Bacteria

Gnetum gnemon L. has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi because it contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. Where these compounds play an important role as an antibacterial. The purpose of this service is to provide information to the public regarding the benefits of melinjo leaves which can act as an antibacterial agent. This service activity is carried out in the form of socialization using lecture, question and answer, and demonstration methods. The number of participants in this community service activity was 20 pharmacists at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. Based on the results of the PkM activities carried out, it can be stated that there has been an increase in public knowledge regarding the efficacy of melinjo leaves as an antibacterial substance. This can be proven by the increase in post-test scores when compared to pre-test scores. The average increase in the knowledge of PkM participants was 21.5. On the other hand, the highest post-test score obtained was 85, while the lowest post-test score was 60. Meanwhile, based on the PkM material that had been socialized, the PkM participants understood that the results of phytochemical tests on melinjo leaf Simplicia showed that melinjo leaf extract contains compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Meanwhile, the antibacterial test showed that the inhibition zones of various concentrations included a moderate concentration of 40%, a moderate category of 60%, and a strong category of 80%. The average diameter of the inhibition zone increased with each concentration of melinjo leaves.

Development of Kinesthetic Movement Identification Instruments for Badminton

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to identify movements and produce recommendations for children who are predicted to be able to develop in badminton. Materials and methods. The kind of this research is research and development consisting of (1) the Preliminary study stage, (2) the Expert validation stage, (3) the Acceptance test stage, and (4) the benefit test stage. The validation stage is carried out by three experts with assessment indicators of suitability, accuracy, convenience, and practicality. The acceptance test phase was obtained from the application of the instrument to the participants. The benefits test stage was determined by a retest test to determine the reliability of the instrument. Participants in the product trial consisted of two groups, namely the male group with 17 participants and the female group with 17 participants. The age of the participants was 6-7 years old. They were elementary school students who were in grade 2. Statistical analysis used a test-retest. Results. The results show that the validation from badminton experts gives an assessment with a presentation of 97% in the very good category, the validation of talent identification experts is 98% in the very good category, and the validation from the coach is 97% in the very good category. For the acceptance test, 4 children (24%) in the first test were recommended, and 5 children (29%) in the second test were recommended. For girls, 2 children (12%) in the first test were recommended, and 3 children (18%) in the second test were recommended. For the reliability test, it was obtained 0.97 in the very strong category for boys and 0.91 in the very strong category for girls. Conclusions. This instrument has been proven valid and reliable and can provide recommendations. The existence of this instrument can facilitate sports teachers and badminton coaches in identifying children's movements.

Teaching Sepaktakraw by Developing a Motion Ball-Based Soccer Training Model

The sepaktakraw game is a team sport played by 3 people. Mastery of sepaktakraw skills cannot be separated from mastery of specific game techniques, namely kickkick/service techniques. Kick-off/service is a unique technique used to start the game in the sepaktakraw game, so many people say kick-off/service is the most important in the sepaktakraw game. This research aims to determine the procedures and feasibility of developing a training model in extracurricular learning for sepaktakraw sports, which is research using the R&D research method (Research and Development type ADDIE. The method stages in this research are (1). Literary research, (2). Role, (3). Making, (4). Comparative test, (5). Observation, (6). Validity test by experts. Game expert validation test 86, 363% > 81.25% (excellent), media expert validation test 88.636% > 81.25% (excellent), small class trials, it was found that 86.75 > 80, namely the strong category, and large class trials, it was found that 83.44 > 80 strong category. Based on the results of game expert validation tests, media expert validation tests, small class trials, and large class trials, it can be concluded that developing a motion ball-based soccer training model is suitable for use as a training model in sepaktakraw learning.

Peran Auditor Internal: Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Fraud di Bisnis Wisata Berbasis Culture Immersion

This study aims to find out more about the role of internal audit and the effectiveness of internal control in detecting and preventing fraud in the culture immersion-based tourism business. The method used in this research is descriptive and verification analysis method. The independent variables used in this study are Internal Audit and Internal Control Effectiveness. While the dependent variable in this study is Fraud Detection and Prevention. The population in this study were all internal auditors at the Culture Immersion-based Tourism Business Company in Semarang City. Sampling using purposive random sampling method and obtained a sample size of 353 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this research is correlation coefficient analysis, determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that internal audit has a significant effect on fraud detection and prevention with a correlation coefficient value of 0.615 and is in the strong category. The effectiveness of internal control has a significant effect on the detection and prevention of fraud with a correlation coefficient value of 0.587 and is included in the moderate category.

Pengembangan Papan Make and Match sebagai Media Penguasaan Multi-Literasi Peserta Didik TK

Learning media is one of the important components used in learning activities. Good learning media can help students achieve competence. Based on observations, it is known that the multiliteracy abilities of group B students of TK Masyitoh Karangasem Batang such as: the ability to read, write and count are not maximized, teachers in providing learning still use conventional methods, as a result many students experience boredom and boredom. boredom is a natural thing especially learning that tends to be monotonous. The feeling of boredom and saturation that comes is not good and will greatly affect the learning process of students. If you are bored then someone will be lazy to do it. If the feeling of laziness in learning is left longer, the result is that the achievement and academic value of students will certainly decrease.This study aims to describe the validity of the make and match board which was developed as a medium for mastering multiliteracy for kindergarten students. describe the practicality of the make and match board which was developed as a medium for mastering multiliteracy for kindergarten students.This study uses a 4D development research approach adapted from the Thiagarajan and Semmel development model with 3 steps: 1) Define (defining); (2) Design (design); (3) Develop (development). Data collection techniques were carried out by tests, observations, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses product data analysis, initial data analysis, t test and gain test.The results showed that the make and match board was feasible to use with the results of the validity test using aiken V in the medium and high categories and the reliability test in the strong category. make and match boards are feasible to be effectively used in learning, it is known that based on learning outcomes there is an average difference through the t test of -10.578 and an average increase (gain) of 0.535 which based on the interpretation of the gain index is classified as moderate.The conclusion of this research is that the make and match board is feasible and effective to use in learning, especially in mastering multi-literacy materials to explore new knowledge from the make and match board media. Teachers are expected to be able to develop make and match boards that are similar to different materials, and the school is expected to facilitate.

Penerapan Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Cara Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Pelajaran Biologi

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in improving learning outcomes and critical thinking of high school students in biology subjects. The data collection technique was carried out by searching for articles through Google Scholar, Garuda and Sinta. From the search results, 25 National Journals were obtained that met the specified inclusion criteria. The analysis applied is by paying attention to the score before the test or pretest of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning with after the PBL learning action with the score before the test or posttest as the amount of increase in the pretest process, then dividing the score before the learning action using the PBL model to determine the size influence on PBL learning actions. Based on the results of the analysis of the PBL learning model, it succeeded in having a positive impact. For an effect size of 0.52 with a strong category. The conclusion of this study is that the problem-based learning or PBL method in increasing knowledge and critical thinking of high school students in biology subjects can increase learning outcomes from the lowest 01.03% to the highest 97.43%. This clearly shows that the use of the PBL method in teaching and learning activities can improve learning outcomes and critical thinking of high school students in biology learning in high school.

PENGEMBANGAN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT BERBASIS TEORI BELAJAR KONTRUKTIVISTIK PADA MATERI PERISTIWA MENGISI KEMERDEKAAN TEMA 7 SUBTEMA 3 PEMBELAJARAN 1 KELAS V DI SD N KLIWONAN TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of learning media, which includes the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of developing Microsoft PowerPoint-based on constructivist learning theory on the subject of the event of filling independence, theme 7 subtheme 3 lesson 1 for fifth-grade students at Kliwonan Elementary School. This research was conducted using the research and development method using the ADDIE development model, consisting of several stages, including Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation developed by Dick & Carry in 1996. The results of this research and development of Microsoft PowerPoint are: 1) this study produced a product in the form of Microsoft PowerPoint based on constructivist learning theory on the subject of the event of filling independence, theme 7 subtheme 3 lesson 1. 2) the analysis of expert material assessment resulted in 93.95% with a very good category and did not require any revisions. 3) the analysis of expert media assessment resulted in 85.3% with a good category, and no revisions were necessary. 4) the analysis of teacher responses resulted in 94.66% with a very strong category. 5) the analysis of the overall student response obtained an average percentage of 78.14% with a strong category. 6) the results of the small-scale evaluation test with three students obtained an average percentage of 100% with a very effective category. 7) the results of the large-scale evaluation test with 28 students obtained an average percentage of 85.71% with a very effective category.

META-ANALYSIS OF MIND MAPPING IN VOCABULARY LEARNING OF THE PAST DECADE

The type of research used is meta-analysis research aimed at determining the level of effectiveness or quality of mind mapping in vocabulary learning, including at elementary, middle, high school, and college levels. This quality was examined using several previous research results that collected data with inclusion and exclusion conditions from the Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Scopus databases. The search results found up to 51 dates that met the requirements with the number of students (N), F-counts, t-counts, and r-counts. The results of data analysis obtained by the simulation software JASP showed that the impact on learning media vocabulary based on mind mapping is 73% significant, which included the High category. The moderator variable is the lowest level of education, the high impact of using mind mapping, namely the college level, with an estimate of the effect of 0.569, Based on the number of participants, the application of mind mapping has more influence on participants totaling more than 30 students with an estimate of 0.928 (strong category), while the lowest effect is seen from the number of participants who collected more than 91 students with an estimate of 0.529, meaning that this mind mapping learning model is most appropriate to be applied in high school rows with more than 30 participants in order to maximize student learning outcomes.

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Fruits Extract in Vegetable Oil-Based Liquid Hand Soap

The main method of preventing infections is good hand cleanliness. Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruits contains flavonoids, which have been tested for antibacterial activity. Polar chemicals like flavonoids are often extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate an ethanol extract of A. bilimbi fruits in the form of hand soap. This formulation used vegetable oils such as olive oil, coconut oil, and castor oil, which are high in fatty acids to maintain healthy skin. Antibacterial activity was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extract was prepared by maceration for 5 days using an ethanol solvent. Liquid soap contained A. bilimbi fruit extracts at 5% (F1) and 10% (F2). The F1 and F2 organoleptic tests showed the preparation as a thick liquid with a distinctive coconut oil aroma, light brown (F1) and brown (F2) color. pH values of 5.8 (F1) and 5.6 (F2). Foam height stability was 71.5% (F1) and 73.1% (F2). The specific gravity for the two formulas was 1.02 g/mL. The viscosity of F1 and F2 was 137.6 cP and 163.5 cP, respectively. Inhibition power against S. aureus using the agar diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone showed strong (F1) and very strong (F2) categories The inhibition against S. aureus showed strong (F1) and very strong (F2) categories. While F1 has no inhibitory power against E. coli, F2 showed inhibition in the strong category. Based on our research, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit extract can produce good hand soap and have bacteria-inhibiting activity. However, further formula development is still needed to obtain preparations that meet all the requirements and stability tests.

MENAKAR PENGARUH PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP EVALUASI ALTERNATIF KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN RUMAH SECARA SYARIAH (Riset Di Perumahan Firdaus Garden Paku Haji Kabupaten Bandung Barat)

Evaluation alternative of the consumer is an activity of selecting two or more product choices with the same type, which requires consumers to consider a product to be purchased before making a decision. Evaluating all product alternatives, consumers will use the information from personal selling. This study aims to determine and analyze the magnitude of the influence of personal selling on the evaluation alternatives of the consumer in buying a house using KPR Syariah at PT. Arkon Multikarya Perdana (Firdaus Garden Pakuhaji in West Bandung Regency). This research is motivated by the problemof the decline in home sales due to weak personal selling strategies carried out by the company due to the presence of covid-19 so that it works with the Work From Home (WFH) system and limits face-to-face sales interactions. The research method used is a combination method or mixed methods with sequential explanatory models. The results of the final conditions of quantitative, the personal selling value are 84.7% and the alternative evaluation value is 84.3% of the ideal condition and qualitatively personal selling and alternative evaluation at PT. Arkon Muktikarya Perdana is good. The results of the research the effect of personal selling on the evaluation alternatives of consumer, with quantitative data the correlation value in the regression results of the number R = 0.599 means that the correlation between variables X and Y is 0.599. R Square is 0.359 or 35.9%, meaning that the percentage contribution of X's influence on Y is 35.9%, while the remaining 64.1% is influenced by other variables outside of this model. The results of the hypothesis t-test, the comparison is t count (6.396) ≥ t table (1.663) and the results of the F test show that F count (5.069) ≥ F table 2.326. This shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected or it can be said that X has a contribution to Y. While the results of qualitative data, personal selling has a role as a bridge for consumers to get clear and detailed information to help consumers evaluate a product with the factors: a) approach; b) presentation; c) overcoming objections; d) close the sale. These factors correlate with the factors that influence the alternative evaluation variable of consumers with the indicators are a) quality of marketing; b) price; c) location; d) promotion. The cumulative results of quantitative data on personal selling variables obtained r count 0.6708 ≥ r table 0.213 and alternative consumer evaluation variables obtained r count 0.6572 ≥ r table 0.213, this shows that the correlation X to Y is included in the strong category. So it can be said that the greater the role of personal selling, the greater will be the evaluation of alternatives made by consumers in buying home products on a Sharia KPR basis. In addition, other variables influence the evaluation alternatives of consumer that are not examined in this study such as consumer finance, trust in property developers, specifications of materials used, house design and facilities provided. So the results of this study can be concluded that there are qualitative data that broadens and deepens quantitative data. Keywords: Personal Selling, Evaluation Alternatives of Consumer.

Analisis Kualitatif Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamur Endofit Cangkang Bulu Babi (Diadema setosum)

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in plant tissues for a certain period and can form colonies in the host's tissues without endangering the host itself. In addition to plants, endophytic fungi are also found in marine biota. Endophytic fungi that live in the internal organs or tissues of marine biota, whether in the form of mold or yeast, can transform the nutrients they obtain from their host animals into metabolite compounds which will then be transferred back to the host organs so that they have the same metabolites as their hosts. This study aimed to analyze and test the antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites of sea urchins in the Tomini Bay area. The method used from the beginning of the research was endophytic microbial fermentation, production of secondary metabolites, and partitioning of endophytic microbial isolates, namely liquid-liquid; the method used to test antioxidant activity was qualitative using TLC plates, DPPH UV-Vis spectrophotometer method, color reagent, and thin layer chromatography. Two isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, namely (JBB1, JBB2). The isolate that was active as an antioxidant was JBB2 from sea urchins in the Tomini Bay area with an ICso 50-100 ppm, which was in the strong category. Meanwhile, JBB2 isolate was carried out at a wavelength of 517 nm with a value absorbance of 0,707 A. In accordance with the value of the linear equation, it obtained y = 0,092x+36,95 and an R2 value = 0,945 that the ethyl acetate extract in JBB2 had a moderate ICs of 87.43 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the qualitative test of secondary metabolites using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8:2) ethyl acetate extract contained alkaloid and terpenoid compounds.

The Relationship of Knowledge, Practices, and Culture on Low Coverage of Exclusive Breastfeeding

Aims: The aims of this study was to analyze the influence of knowledge Practices and,Culture on the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.
 Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding as early as possible after delivery, given without schedule, and not given other food even if only water until the baby is six months old. Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Health said Exclusive Breastfeeding in Aceh Province is 41.0%, the coverage of breastfeeding in Aceh Province is very low and has not reached the target set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, which is 80%. West Aceh's exclusive breastfeeding coverage 44%, exclusive breastfeeding coverage is still far from the target. The Meutulang region for two consecutive years still has the same achievement rate of 13.4%.
 Study Design: Cross-Sectional Survey approach.
 Location and Duration of Study: Conducted in December 2022 (15 November-20 Desember) in Meutulang District, West Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
 Methods: The population of all mothers who have babies aged 6-12 months. Sampling by the total sampling method, where all polluters were sampled as many as 44 respondents were. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate and then tested with a Simple Linear Regression Model.
 Results: proved that there is an influence of knowledge, action, and culture on the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding as evidenced by the correlation value (R) of 0.601 and the value of the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.464, which means that the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is 46.4% where the correlation between the independent and dependent variables is in a strong category with value (Pvalue <0.05).
 Conclusion: There was an influence of knowledge with value (Pvalue 0.011<0.05), value action (Pvalue 0.028<0.05), and value culture (Pvalue 0.000<0.05) on the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.
 Suggestions: There needs to be more intense socialization and enlightenment by relevant officers in terms of mothers' understanding of exclusive breastfeeding so that mothers consider exclusive breastfeeding more important and can analyze the culture around them to give breast milk to their babies at least until the age of 6 months.

Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Produktivitas Pegawai Pada UPT SMAN 3 Wajo Di Kabupaten Wajo

Every organization is established based on certain goals and targets. Likewise with school. Every school has its own goals. This goal will not be realized without the support of adequate human resources. Because human resources are very influential on the success or failure of a school in achieving goals. Every school always tries to increase employee productivity in order to survive, develop and have high trust from outsiders. In order to increase employee productivity, it is often necessary to improve and improve the human resources of employees. However, activities to increase the human resources of employees often do not achieve what they expect, namely achieving the goals of the school organization such as increasing employee productivity. Even though they already have the resources qualified employees, employees may not necessarily be able to provide good work results for school organizations if they are still in the shackles of a work culture that is less supportive and not conducive.
 This research is a type of quantitative research using a survey approach which intends to test the combination/influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable, namely organizational culture on employee productivity at UPT SMAN 3 Wajo. The number of samples taken from UPT SMAN 3 Wajo employees is 40 people from the total employees. there are 67 people.
 Based on the results of data processing using the SPSS 22 for windows program where a person correlation value of 528 was obtained, this shows that between organizational culture and employee productivity at UPT SMAN 3 Wajo is in a fairly strong category and a relation coefficient (R) is obtained of 0.528 which shows that the relationship between Organizational Culture variables and employee productivity at UPT SMAN 3 Wajo is in a fairly strong category.

AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI FORMULASI LOTION EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG JERINGAU PUTIH

The skin is the most important and largest organ of the human body. The skin needs so much attention, both in terms of disease and health, because it turns out that the skin itself is quite susceptible to bacterial and fungal attacks. Therefore, the formulation of lotions for the skin, namely ingredients that can kill bacteria or fungi and are safe for the skin can be justified. Natural ingredients that have properties as antibacterial ingredients for the skin are White Jeringau.The purpose of this study was to explain the differences in the inhibition of the lotion formulation of the ethanol extract of the White Jeringau Rhizome against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the diffusion method. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study was the lotion of the ethanol extract of the Jeringau Putih rhizome with concentrations of 40%, 50% and 60% which were replicated 9 times each so that the number of samples in this study were 27 samples. Furthermore, the sample was tested for inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by diffusion method.Based on the results of this study in 2022, antibacterial analysis of the white jeringau extract lotion sample formula I, formula II and formula III against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the Kirby-bauer diffusion method showed the results of the inhibition zone diameter, namely in formula I the average inhibition zone formed was 11 .50 mm, in formula II it is 13.61 mm and in formula III it is 14.50 mm. According to Davis and Stout (1971) the inhibitory response by active ingredients is grouped into 4 categories, namely weak activity (≤ 5 mm), moderate (5-10 mm), strong (10-20 mm), and very strong (≥ 20 mm). ). Based on this classification, white jeringau extract lotion formula I, formula II and formula III are categorized as strong. Formula I had the best inhibitory response because the concentration of the extract was the smallest and had a strong category of inhibition compared to formula II and formula III which had a higher concentration and had the same inhibitory power. the results of statistical test analysis using the Kruskal Walis test obtained p value = 0.000 0.05 and it was concluded that there were differences in the white jeringau rhizome lotion formula I, II, and III in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Â

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Animasi Pengenalan Kegiatan Berwudhu Pada Anak Kelompok B TK Uswatun Hasanah Padang

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how much influence the use of animated media had on the introduction of ablution activities to group B children at Uswatun Hasanah Kindergarten, Padang City. This type of research is a quantitative research with an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design model. Data collection techniques in the form of tests, observations, and documentation. The population in this study were all students of the Uswatun Hasanah Kindergarten, Padang City, totaling 46 children. While the sample numbered 32 children, 16 children in class B1 and 16 children in class B3. The data analysis used is the normality test, homogeneity, t-test, and also the effect size. The results showed that the experimental class obtained an average value of 34.81 while the control class obtained 27.75. Then, from the calculation of the influence test, a value of 1.907 is obtained which is included in the strong category. Thus the animation media has a significant influence on the child's ability to perform ablution and gives more influence than the control class which uses image media

Efektivitas Permainan Pancing Huruf Dan Gambar Terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Pada Anak Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Hang Tuah Padang

This research was motivated by the problems encountered in the Hang Tuah Padang Kindergarten, Padang, which showed low reading skills in children due to the inappropriateness of the media in learning to read used by the teacher. This study aims to find out how effective the fishing game with letters and pictures is on children's reading skills at Hang Tuah Padang Kindergarten. The type of research used is a quantitative method with the type of experiment or quashi experimental (pseudo-experiment). The data collection technique in this study is in the form of a test. The population in this study were the children of Hang Tuah Padang Kindergarten. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Experimental class in class B1 with fishing games for letters and pictures and B2 with letter cards. Data analysis techniques in this study used the Normality Test, Homogenity Test, Hypothesis Test, and Effect Size Test with the help of the SPSS Windows 22 application. The results of the study were obtained based on data analysis that the sig (2-tailed) value was 0.002 <0.05 and the results of the effect test size 1.67 is included in the strong category and shows that there is a significant difference between the reading skills of the experimental class children using letter and picture hooks compared to the control class using letter cards.

Project-Based Learning in Elementary School: Influence on Students' Creative Thinking Ability

This research is experimental research with a quantitative approach that aims to "determine the effect of a project-based learning model on students' creative thinking skills by making a herbarium. In this study, the sample used was 51 students. The data collection techniques used in this study were tests and documentation. The results showed that "the experimental class had an average posttest score of 72.47 and the control class had a posttest average score of 57.53. The results of the creative thinking skills of the experimental class for indicators of fluency were 79%, flexibility 71%, originality 73%, and elaboration 56%; the control class had an average value for each indicator which was lower than the experimental class. This study’s results indicate an "influence in the use of the project-based learning model through making a herbarium on the creative thinking skills of students in grade 4 MI NU Miftahul Ulum Loram Kulon. The effect of the project-based learning model on students' creative thinking skills is evidenced by the regression equation Y=18.802 + 0.933X. The existence of this project-based learning model has a positive and significant relationship of 0.877 which is included in the very strong category and can contribute to students in improving students' creative thinking skills by 76.9%.

Antioxidant activity and physicochemical composition of coffee pulp obtained from three coffee varieties in Aceh, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity and physicochemical composition of coffee pulp from the three coffee varieties in Aceh Province. This research is exploratory. The pulp of arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee was sun-dried to produce cascara. The properties of cascara including antioxidants, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, crude fiber, and total phenol were evaluated. The results showed that the pulp of arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee could reduce free radicals using the DPPH method with a very strong intensity, where the IC50 produced was ranged 33.95 to 44.94 ppm (very strong category ≤ 50 ppm). The results of the physicochemical analysis included for total soluble solids (TSS) at 0.83 − 16.00°Brix; total titratable acidity 0.001− 0.160%; pH 4.68 − 5.59; moisture content 67.61−79.49%; ash content 1.39 − 3.74%; fat content 0.3 − 1.01%; protein content 4.08 − 7.88%; crude fiber content 13.79 − 38.51% and total phenol 21.99 − 80.00 mg GAE/100g sample. These results can be the basis for diversifying the utilization of coffee pulp waste into useful products such as functional drinks like cascara and kombucha.