Strong Category Research Articles

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENCE SHEET MASK WITH CONVENTIONAL AND HYDROPONIC RED SPINACH LEAF EXTRACT

Red spinach is a plant that known as natural antioxidants that contain anthocyanins, flavonoids, betalains, polyphenols and carotenoids and can be developed into sheet mask essence. The antioxidant activity of red spinach affected by the cultivation method. This study aims to determine the physical properties and antioxidant activity of conventional and hydroponic essences with red spinach leaf extract. The making of essence sheet mask starts from making red spinach leaf extract by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent for 3x24 hours, then the extract is added to the formulation. Physic evaluations were organoleptic tests including assessing shape, aroma and color by panelists, homogeneity that their data analyzed by descriptively, pH and viscosity analyzed by t-test. Test of antioxidant activity of spinach leaf extract using the DPPH method that analyzed by t-test. Conventional and hydroponic red spinach leaf extracts have a thick green color, thick form and a characteristic spinach odor, while essence sheet masks have a light green color, viscous liquid form and a distinctive fragrance, a safe pH value for facial skin, which is around 5.18 ± 0. 29 to 5.64±0.12, homogeneous and viscosity values ranged from 162.92±21.95 to 187.58±17.54 cps. Based on the results of t-test the pH and viscosity values of all formulations were not significantly different. The antioxidant activity of conventional and hydroponic red spinach leaf extract was in the strong category and not significant difference based on the t-test. The essence sheet mask has good physical properties and the IC50 value of conventional red spinach leaf extract is 52.53 and hydroponic red spinach leaf extract is 73.93.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADHERENCE OF TAKING ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AT PUSKESMAS KOTA MALANG

Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high mortality rate from TBC is associated with cases of resistance due to low adherence to medication. This study aimed to determine the effect of age, number of family members, and family support on adherence to antituberculosis drugs. The study was observational using a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 52 outpatients with tuberculosis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the July-August 2022 period at Puskesmas Malang. The results of the study of the most age were 26-35 years as much as 26.92%. The highest number of family members was 3-4 people at 61.54%. Most family support was in the strong category at 86.54%. The results of the ordinal regression test showed that age had a p value of 0.045. The number of family members had a p value of 0.127. Family support had a p-value of 0.040. The conclusion was that age and family support affected medication adce with (p < 0.05). The number of family members did not affect medication adherence (p > 0.05). Age, number of family members, and family support simultaneously influenced medication adherence by 23.7%, while 76.3% were influenced by other factors that were not studied. Keywords: Adherence to taking medication, Family motivation, Tuberculosis

Efektivitas Trichoderma harzianum OC12 dalam menekan Phytophthora palmivora penyebab penyakit busuk buah kakao

Cocoa black-pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is one of the important cocoa diseases. Yield losses caused by this disease can reach 90%. Several methods for controlling this disease are to be developed, including using biological agents, i.e. Trichoderma harzianum. Several studies have shown that T. harzianum can suppress P. palmivora. In our previous studies, T. harzianum OC12 had been identified as indigenous fungi from organic coffee farms. However, these isolates have not been tested against P. palmivora. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of T. harzianum OC12 in suppressing the growth of P. palmivora in vitro. The testing method carried out begins with the re-cultured of the collection isolates. T. harzianum OC12 was in vitro confronted with P. palmivora on PDA agar plate. According to the test results, T. harzianum OC12 had the highest inhibition (84.1%) and an average suppression (79.5%) that was rated as strong category. The ability of T. harzianum OC12 to successfully inhibit P. palmivora makes it a candidate for development as a biological agent or bio-fungicide

ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN BERDASARKAN ASPEK PELAYANAN DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL (Studi Pada Pasien RSUD Datu Beru Takengon Kab. Aceh Tengah)

The research aims to analyze patient satisfaction at the Datu Beru Takengon Regional General Hospital (RSUD) to obtain empirical input regarding the influence of service quality factors and interpersonal communication carried out by medical and non-medical employees in caring for patients and patient families. The research was based on a survey of 50 samples of patients who had previously used hospital services, with an associative type and using a path analysis model. The results of the research show that (a) there is a causal relationship (associative) between service quality and interpersonal communication between medical and non-medical personnel at Datu Beru Takengon Regional Hospital with a strong category (0.845), (b) Service quality factors have a causal relationship (associative) has an impact on cause and effect (associative) relationships. positive towards patient satisfaction, with a direct and indirect contribution of 68.11%. And the interpersonal communication aspect of RSUD officers was 30.58%. (C). Simultaneously, the quality of service and interpersonal communication at RSUD Datu Beru Takengon contributed to patient satisfaction, namely 77.10%.

FORMULATION AND ACTIVITY TESTS OF ANTI-ACNE TONER ESSENTIAL OIL OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum)

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is a plant that can be used as an antibacterial. Red betel leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and essential oils which are thought to be used as antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) essential oil facial toner as an anti-acne toner against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Red betel leaf is distilled to obtain essential oil, then tested for organoleptic, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, solubility in alcohol. Making facial toner preparations using concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. The results of the formula were then subjected to physical quality tests including organoleptic tests, pH tests, viscosity, anti-irritation tests, hedonic tests and activity tests against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Toner preparation activity test results obtained concentrations of 10% 9.2 mm, 20% 11.26 mm, 30% 13.46 mm. Red betel leaf essential oil toner can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with the highest concentration of 30% obtained inhibition of 13.46 mm in the strong category.

Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Dan Formulasi Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya Kulit Delima Putih (Punica Granatum L.) Dengan Metode DPPH Dan Penentuan Nilai SPF

White Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a plant that is efficacious as an antioxidant which functions as a natural antioxidant to prevent free radicals from harming the body because it contains flavonoid compounds including flavones and flavonols which are known as natural antioxidants. This study aims to determine the IC50 value of extracts and formulations of white pomegranate skin sunscreen cream (Punica granatum L.) along with its SPF value. The extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol. Testing the antioxidant activity of white pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with the DPPH method (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhyrdazyl), the test results showed that white pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) had an IC50 value of 92,76 ppm in the strong category. Sunscreen cream was made into four formulas, namely F0, FI, FII and FIII with extract concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The physical evaluation was tested, including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, cream type test, spreadability test, adhesion test, pH test, viscosity test and organoleptic stability test which showed that the four formulas met the requirements of the physical evaluation test for sunscreen cream preparations. The four sunscreen cream formulas, an antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhyrdazyl) at F0, FI, FII and FIII and obtained IC50 values of 146,9 ppm (weak), 98,22 ppm (strong), 81,37 ppm (strong) and 76,88 ppm (strong). Determination of the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value was carried out using the mansyur equation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 290-320 nm. The results obtained for the SPF values in the four formulas F0, FI, FII and FIII were 6,02 (extra), 14,39 (maximum), 22,98 (ultra) and 27,60 (ultra).

THE EFFECT OF MACERATION METHOD AND SOXHLETATION METHOD ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob) LEAF

This study evaluated kirinyuh leaf extract as a natural antioxidant using Soxhlet extraction and maceration extraction methods. Dried leaves of kirinyuh were extracted with 96% ethanol. The total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically according to the Folin Ciocalteu method, calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while the antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS. The results of the phytochemical test of kirinyuh leaf extract using maceration (EKM) and Soxhletation (EKS) methods revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The total phenolic content of EKM was 39.85 ± 0.20 mgGAE/gram and EKS was 46.95 ± 0.15 mgGAE/gram extract. Antioxidant activity in the form of IC50 EKM was 46.10 ± 0.09 mg/L and EKS was 45.27 ± 0.07 mg/L, both of them have a very strong category. There were significant differences in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the Kirinyuh leaf using maceration and soxhletation methods based on the results of the T-test. Keywords: Kirinyuh, Eupatorium odoratum, ABTS, phenolics, antioxidant.

Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus

Highlights: 1. The significance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, which are more likely to infectimmunocompromised patients, needed to be researched in greater depth.2. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found to form significantly more biofilm than Staphylococcus aureus.3. Wound care and changing medical devices in immunocompromised patients on a regular basis may provide benefitsto prevent biofilm formation by Staphylococcus spp. Abstract Staphylococcus spp. are typically commensal microorganisms that can exist in the human body without causing illness. However, these bacteria have virulence factors, e.g., biofilm formation, that are important to note. Because biofilms shield bacteria from opsonophagocytosis and antimicrobial agents, they can cause persistent or chronic infections. Once they form biofilms, both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can potentially cause incurable infections. This study aimed to compare biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus as a guide for the prevention and management of infection, which will maintain and improve the good health of the general population. This was an analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The study began by collecting the samples, identifying the species, and testing the biofilm production with a microtiter plate, which was then analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Comparison tests were conducted using an independent t-test. A value of p<0.05 was used as the cut-off that indicated significance. The total samples were 36 clinical isolates, consisting of 18 Staphylococcus aureus and 18 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The specimens consisted of 20 blood samples (55.6%) and 7 wound swabs (19.4%). The biofilm test on the samples showed that 83.3% of the samples produced biofilms. The data revealed that the isolates formed biofilms, with 14 isolates (38.9%) in the strong category, 10 isolates (27.8%) in the moderate category, and each of 6 isolates (16.7%) in the weak and non-existent categories. Both Staphylococcus spp. appeared to have biofilm-forming activity, but coagulase-negative Staphylococcus appeared to be significantly more dominant (p=0.008). Strong biofilm was produced by 61.1% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates. In conclusion, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus formed a stronger biofilm than Staphylococcus aureus. Its presence as an infection-causing bacteria, particularly in immunocompromised patients, should not be underestimated.

The Political Interest Of Millenial Generation

This article is based on the existence of researchers' participation in the democracy system in Indonesia, especially in Garut District. The study aims to determine the voter participation of three generations (generation X, generation Y, and generation Z) from the perspective of lack of political interest and dissatisfaction with candidates. This study uses descriptive and verification methods with a quantitative approach. With a sample of 145 respondents spread out of 3 villages (Banjarwangi Village, Jayabakti Village, and Bojong Village), the location of the research is the region with the largest population and voting rights in the Banjarwungi District District of Garut. Data analysis method: path analysis using SPSS software The results of the study showed the magnitude of the total influence of ignorance or lack of political interest and dissatisfaction with the selection of candidates against electoral participation in Generation X was shown by the size of the determination coefficient (r2) = 0.488, or 46.7%; in Generation Y, the greatness of the factor of determination (R2) = 0.510, or 51%; and in Generation Z, the measurement of the deterrence coefficient (R2) = 0.793, or 72.3%. So it was concluded that the model formed belongs to the strong category, so in this study, the variable of ignorance, lack of political interest, or dissatisfaction with the choice was used to measure the participation of voters in the Banjarwangi Garut district.

The Effectiveness of Leadership Based on Pela Gandong Values in the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ambon City

This study aimed to analyze and explain the effectiveness of leadership based on Pela Gandong values at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ambon City. Data analysis was carried out descriptively quantitatively with criteria for interpreting percentage scores in determining choices and making final decisions based on Average Achievement (CRR) and values/indexes to set priorities using sociometric calculations, namely the calculation of the Preferred Status Index (ISP). The results showed that leadership effectiveness is based on Pela Gandong values which include carrying out tasks, understanding regulations, standards, and work procedures, using equipment, organization of tasks, security training and safety, and requiring costs in carrying out tasks. Furthermore, the availability of organizational resources at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ambon City is in a strong category. The effectiveness of leadership based on Pela Gandong values regarding carrying out public service tasks (CRR 72% with ISP 3) can be increased priority to V, understanding regulations, standards, and work procedures in public services (CRR 70% with ISP 2.91) can be increased priority to III, utilizing equipment in public services (CRR 62% with ISP 2.58) can be increased priority to I, the organization carries out public service tasks (CRR 71% with ISP 2,95) can be increased priority to IV, security training and safety security in public services (CRR 70% with ISP 2.91) can be increased priority to III, requiring costs in carrying out public services (CRR 71% with ISP 2.95) can be increased priority to IV, and the availability of organizational resources in public services (CRR 67% with ISP 2.79) can be increased priority to II. Thus, if strengthening and improvement are carried out properly, and their sustainability is guaranteed, it will obtain maximum results for the progress of public services at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ambon City. Leaders also need to apply the leadership values of the Ambon people, which are reflected in the values of Pela Gandong, which motivate leaders to carry out service tasks to the community. 
 
 Received: 24 June 2023 / Accepted: 22 August 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023

Pengaruh Media Sosial Facebook Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam” Pada Siswa SMAN 10 Kabupaten Tangerang

Quantitative descriptive research is a type of non-experimental quantitative research that is relatively easy. This study describes the quantitative data obtained concerning the condition of the subject or phenomenon of a population. The research instrument that is often used in this study is a questionnaire containing several question items about perceptions of research problems. The results of testing the alternative hypothesis proposed are significantly acceptable, namely, with a positive influence between the Effect of Facebook Social Media on Concentration and Learning Outcomes at SMAN 10.The results of the analysis on the coefficients show that the value of the correlation coefficient indicates that the rxy coefficient value is 0.751, so it is stated in the strong category, and the rtable is 0.306. rcount > rtable = 0.751 > 0.306, and the results of the t test obtained the price of tcount of 6.026 while ttable of 1.69726 with an error rate of 5%, thus tcount > ttable = 6.026 > 1.69726, it can be concluded that the correlation coefficient between Social Media Facebook and Concentration and Learning Outcomes have a positive and significant effect and from the hypothesis testing that has been done Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, and the coefficient of determination (cd) is 56%, based on the relationship between these variables is causal or causal, a simple linear regression equation can be made, namely Y = a + bX, a = 28,941, while the value of b is b = 0.650 X. Then a simple linear regression equation can be obtained, namely Y = 28,941 + 0,650 X so that there is the influence of Facebook social media on concentration and learning outcomes at SMAN 10 Tangerang Regency.

Ionized Magnesium Correlates With Total Blood Magnesium in Pediatric Patients Following Kidney Transplant.

Abnormal serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations are common and associated with worse mortality in kidney-transplant recipients. Many kidney and transplant-related factors affect Mg homeostasis. The concentration of the active form, ionized Mg (iMg), is not measured clinically, and total Mg (tMg) and iMg correlations have conflicted. We hypothesized that iMg and tMg concentrations show poor categorical agreement (i.e., low, normal, and high) in kidney-transplant recipients but that ionized calcium (iCa) correlates with iMg. We retrospectively evaluated hypomagnesemia in kidney-transplant recipients over a 2-yr period. We prospectively collected blood at 0-28 days post-transplant to measure correlations between iMg and iCa/tMg. iMg and iCa concentrations in the reference ranges of 0.44-0.65 and 1.0-1.3 mmol/L, respectively, were considered normal. Fisher's exact test and unweighted kappa statistics revealed category agreements. Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression measured correlations. Among 58 retrospective kidney-transplant recipients, 54 (93%) had tMg<0.66 mmol/L, 28/58 (48%) received Mg supplementation, and 20/28 (71%) had tacrolimus dose adjustments during supplementation. In 13 prospective transplant recipients (N=43 samples), iMg and tMg showed strong category agreement (P=0.0003) and correlation (r=0.71, P<0.001), whereas iMg and iCa did not (P=0.7; r=-0.25, P=0.103, respectively). tMg and iMg exhibited strong correlation following kidney transplantation. However, iCa may not be an accurate surrogate for iMg. Determining the effect of Mg supplementation and the Mg concentration where supplementation is clinically necessary are important next steps.

Improving the quality of financial statements and the survival of MSMEs through digital economy: The case of Indonesia and Malaysia

This research aims to assess how much the digital economy influences the quality of financial statements and the survival of MSMEs in Indonesia and Malaysia. This research used an analysis unit of 201 MSMEs registered in the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and a literature review on the digital economy of MSMEs in Malaysia. The analytical approach was then utilized to examine validity, reliability, classical assumptions, analysis path, and hypothesis testing using the t-test in SPSS version 23.0. The results of hypothesis testing in this research show that the digital economy affects the quality of financial statements and has a unidirectional relationship with strong categories. These findings suggest that the digitalization of the economy is critical for MSMEs because it lowers operational costs and exposes them to a broader range of potential customers. Like Indonesia, Malaysia is also concerned about MSMEs' business sustainability, which inspired them to achieve the goal of making Malaysia the center of economic digitalization. This goal would involve technological advances, indicating that MSMEs in Indonesia and Malaysia can improve their financial gain through digital transformation.

The Effect of the Otago Home Exercise Programme on Decreasing the Level of Falling Risk in the Elderly in Tegalrejo Village, Merakurak District

Background: The phenomenon of the risk of falling that occurs in the elderly in recent years has increased. Many cases of falls in the elderly result in soft tissue injuries, thigh and wrist fractures, and even death. Falling is a physical problem that is often experienced by the elderly, as you get older, the higher the decline in physical, mental and bodily functions.Objective: To Analyze the effect of the otago home exercise programme on decreasing the level of falling risk in the elderly in Tegalrejo Village, Merakurak District.Methods:The research used pra-experimental: pra-pasca test (one group pra-post design) with a cohort approach. The Sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 102 elderly.Results: The results of the research conducted after being analyzed using the wilcoxon test with a significance level of α=&lt;0.05, with value p = 0,000&lt;0,05 value results Asymp sig(2-tailed)=0,000 which shows the influence between the two variables into a strong category with a positive direction.Conclusion: Otago home exercise programme has an effect on decreasing the level of falling risk in the elderly in Tegalrejo Village, Merakurak District.

Antioxidant activity test of 70% and 96% ethanol extract of tandui stem bark (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.) with DPPH method

Background: The genus Mangifera has been reported to have many activities as a natural antioxidant; one of them is the tandui plant (Mangifera rufucostata Kosterm). The study of 70% and 96% ethanol extracts of tandui leaves has shown potential as an antioxidant with the DPPH method, which is a strong category. The potential as an antioxidant in leaves is also possible in other parts, such as stem bark. Objective: This study is to determine the antioxidant potential of tandui stem bark in 70% and 96% ethanol solvents with the DPPH method. Methods: The tandui stem bark was extracted using the soxhletation method with 70% and 96% ethanol solvents. Potential antioxidant activity was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the positive control, quercetin. Results: Antioxidant activity results showed that the IC50 of 70% ethanol extract of tandui stem bark (EE70%KBT) was 9.657 µg/mL, the IC50 of 96% ethanol extract of tandui stem bark (EE96% KBT) was 6.362 µg/mL and the IC50 of positive control quercetin was 3.441 µg/mL. Conclusion: The results showed that tandui stem bark extracted using 70% and 96% ethanol has a strong potential as a natural antioxidant (very strong category) using the DPPH method.

Korelasi Atribut Produk Dan Performa Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Fazza T&amp;T

This study aims to determine the impact that product attributes and employee performance have on customer satisfaction in companies in the tourism sector that are returning after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method uses associative quantitative methods with data collection methods using questionnaires to Fazza Tour and Travel consumers, with as many as 300 respondents through accidental sampling techniques during May–July 2023. Meanwhile, the hypothesis analysis uses Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The results showed that product attributes had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction as evidenced by a correlation value of 0.791 and a significance value below 5%, which meant that the correlation was in the strong category, and employee performance had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction as evidenced by a correlation value of 0.672 and a significance value below 5%, which meant that the correlation was in the strong category.

The Influence Of Learning Creative Product And Entrepreneurship Subject In The Culinary Field To The Passion Of The Students Class Xii Culinary In Entrepreneurship At Smk.N 9 Padang

this study aims to describe The effect of learning outcomes on creative and entrepreneurial product subjects in the culinary field on the passion of class XII Culinary students in entrepreneurship at SMK N 9 Padang. This research method is a quantitative correlational approach. The results of the study are from the average variable score, creative product learning and entrepreneurship obtain a respondent achievement level (TCR) of 4.14 with a very high category. From the average variable score, the desire for entrepreneurship obtained a respondent achievement level (TCR) of 4.14 in the high category. There is a positive and significant relationship between the learning variables of creative and entrepreneurial products and the desire of Class XII Tata Culinary students to become entrepreneurs at SMKN 9 Padang, where the level of relationship between the two variables is in a fairly strong category.

Fraksinasi Sari Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminata) Mentah Tua dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

Acne vulgaris is a skin condition performed the acne due to bacterial activity that infects the skin. Acne problems are often the cause of a person that decrease in self-confidence. One of the most common acne-causing bacteria is Propionibacterium acnes. P.acnes is a gram-positive bacterium with its morphological, shape, properties and composition classified in the group of corynebacteria, but this type of bacteria is not toxigenic or bacteria that does not produce toxic substances (toxic). One of the materials that can be used for acne medication is banana peel. Banana peels are residual waste products from domestic industrial production. The waste of Banana peels have potential as an antibacterial. They contain secondary metabolites such as phenolics, quinones and flavonoids which can act as antibacterials. The purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of raw kepok banana (Musa acuminata) peel extract against Propionibacterium acne bacteria as a cause of acne. Antibacterial activity test in this study was carried out using the well diffusion method to see how the antibacterial effect of raw kepok banana peel (Musa acuminata) had on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Kepok banana peel extracts were fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The results of the antibacterial activity test for the three fractions showed that the water fraction of kepok banana peel extract represented the best inhibition zone of 10.02 ± 0.05 mm, 11.28 ± 0.13 mm, 12.38 ± 0.02 mm and 16.97 ± 0.36 with a strong category at successive concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%.

Quality Analysis Of Cream Scrub Combination of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Extract and White Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa glutinosa) Starch

Premature aging is a health problem that attacks facial skin and is very disturbing appearance. This can be overcome of them with antioxidant compounds. Sources of natural antioxidant compounds in Indonesia are found in Moringa leaves and white glutinous rice. The use of antioxidants is facilitated by making them into cosmetic preparations, one of which is scrub cream. This study aims to determine the physical quality and antioxidant activity of a cream scrub combined with Moringa leaf extract and glutinous rice starch. This research begins with the extraction of moringa leaves and white glutinous rice starch. Moringa leaf extract and white glutinous rice starch obtained were then made into cream scrub preparations at 4 concentration variations, with a comparison of Moringa leaf extract and white glutinous rice starch F0 (0%:0%), F1 (25%:75%), F2 ( 50%:50%) and F3 (75%:25%). The quality test of the luxurious cream included an organoleptic test, pH test, spreadability test, adhesion test, and irritation test. An antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results showed that the combination of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera) and White Glutinous Rice Starch can be formulated as a cream scrub, with the results of physical quality both organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and irritation fulfilling the requirements, and antioxidant activity in the strong category at F3.

Discovery-learning-based Module Development Enriched with Sambas Folklore on the Sub Material Classification of Living Things

This study aims to develop a module as teaching materials on the Sub Material Living Things Classification of living things sub-material with a discovery learning approach combined with folklore and determine students' responses to these teaching materials. This study uses the first three stages of the Thiagarajan 4D model development method: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research instruments used were validation sheets and questionnaires. The sample in this study was class X high school students consisting of 15 people. The five product validators consisted of two lecturers from the Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, three biology teachers from 2 high schools in Pontianak City, and one from Sambas Regency. The module validation sheet consists of 4 aspects, namely content, language, presentation, and graphics consisting of 20 indicators. The student response questionnaire consists of three aspects, namely cognitive, affective, and conative aspects, comprising 26 statements. The response questionnaire validators consisted of 2 lecturers from the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP, University of Tanjungpura. Developing a module based on discovery learning sub-material classification of living things is declared feasible because it obtains a validity value of CVR = 1, meaning that the module is valid in content. Modules declared feasible are tested on a limited basis and obtain an average result of 81.9% in the very strong category. Further research is needed to test modules in larger classes.