Stressors Research Articles

Summarizing Recommendations for the Prevention of Occupational Heat-Related Illness in Outdoor Workers A Scoping Review.

Outdoor workers face unique challenges in preventing heat-related illnesses (HRI). Although preventable, HRI and death from heat exposure continue. A review of the most recent recommendation for HRI prevention in outdoor workers in the United States was warranted. A scoping review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted to compile policy statements and recommendations on the prevention of HRI and synthesize them into a three-step plan for prevention using the Haddon Matrix. PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, and websites from organizations and regulating bodies were searched for sources. Key terms such as occupational OR workers OR employers OR policymakers, HRI OR heat stress OR heat, prevention, recommendations OR position statements were used. Inclusion criteria were articles published within the last 5 years written in English and containing recommendations for preventing HRI in outdoor workers. Research not based on U.S. workers was excluded from the review. Twenty sources comprised the review. Several themes emerged, indicating deficient recommendations for secondary and tertiary prevention. This review's findings can be used by occupational health nurses (OHNs) in developing comprehensive interventions for preventing HRI and injury, using clear language, and following evidenced-based practices to increase workplace health and safety and promote equity.

Nightly Sleep Predicts Next-Morning Expectations for Stress and Positive Experiences.

Abundant research has linked nightly sleep as an antecedent of daily psychosocial experiences; however, less is known about sleep's influence on daily expectations of these experiences. Therefore, this research examined the day-to-day associations of sleep quality, duration, and efficiency with next-day expectations for stress(ors) and positive experiences, as well as whether these expectations were related to end-of-day reports of physical symptoms. In Study 1, U.S. adults ( n = 354; ages 19 to 74) completed twice-daily diaries for 10 weekdays about sleep, expectations for encountering daily stressors and positive events, and physical symptoms. In Study 2, adults in Canada ( n = 246; ages 25 to 87) wore a sleep watch for 14 consecutive days and completed mobile surveys 5×/day about sleep, stressfulness and pleasantness expectations, and physical symptoms. Multilevel models indicated that self-reported sleep quality and duration, but not efficiency, were associated with lower next-day expectations for stressors (Study 1) and stressfulness (Study 2). Self-reported sleep quality (Study 1) and all sleep indices (Study 2) predicted greater next-day expectations for positive events and pleasantness, respectively. For actigraphy-assessed sleep (Study 2), only longer-than-usual actigraphic sleep duration was associated with lower stressfulness expectations, whereas both sleep duration and efficiency were positively linked with daily pleasantness expectations. Only pleasantness expectations (Study 2)-but not daily stressfulness and event expectations (Study 1)-predicted end-of-day physical symptoms. Findings suggest the importance of sleep on expectations of next-day stress and positive experiences, of which may have implications for daily physical health.

Factors affecting medical students’ intention to use Rain Classroom: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundRain Classroom was one of the most popular online learning platforms in Chinese higher education during the pandemic. However, there is little research on user intention under the guidance of technology acceptance and unified theory (UTAUT).ObjectiveThis research aims to determine factors influencing students' behavioural intention to use Rain Classroom.MethodsIn this cross-sectional and correlational investigation, 1138 medical students from five medical universities in Guangxi Province, China, made up the sample. This study added self-efficacy (SE), motivation (MO), stress (ST), and anxiety (AN) to the UTAUT framework. This study modified the framework by excluding actual usage variables and focusing only on intention determinants. SPSS-26 and AMOS-26 were used to analyze the data. The structural equation modelling technique was chosen to confirm the hypotheses.ResultsExcept for facilitating conditions (FC), all proposed factors, including performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), self-efficacy (SE), motivation (MO), anxiety (AN), and stress (ST), had a significant effect on students' behavioural intentions to use Rain Classroom.ConclusionsThe research revealed that the proposed model, which was based on the UTAUT, is excellent at identifying the variables that influence students' behavioural intentions in the Rain Classroom. Higher education institutions can plan and implement productive classrooms.

LITERATUR REVIEW: STRES DAN KOPING PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

COVID-19 has had an impact on various health services, one of which has decreased the utilization of cancer health services, especially breast cancer. Breast cancer can have an impact on several dimensions for its patients, namely the physical dimension, the psychological dimension, and the social dimension. The impact of chemotherapy experienced by patients can be in the form of physical and psychological impacts. There are two forms of coping strategies, namely problem-oriented (problem-focused coping) and emotion-oriented (emotion-focused coping). Purpose: To determine stress and coping in breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The design used is literature review. Article search based on 3 databases. Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Pubmed, keywords in English are stress AND breast cancer OR pandemic, as well as in Indonesian include stress AND breast cancer OR the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: From the articles reviewed, 528 articles were carried out according to the inclusion criteria, 5 research articles were analyzed, namely 5 international articles. Literature review obtained the results of the age of respondents from 25-84 years as many as 528 respondents, marital status of 258 respondents (48.88%). Conclusion: The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected stress and coping in patients with breast cancer.

Estresse no cotidiano dos profissionais de enfermagem: reflexos da rotina laboral hospitalar

Aim: to assess the way members of the nursing staff of the University Hospital of Northeast Brazil experience stress in daily life of their work activities. Method: a descriptive study of qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out in June 2015, through semi-structured interview. Twenty-three professionals of the nursing staff, who compose the units that provide specific care to adult inpatients, participated. The data were analyzed according to Bardin's content analysis technique. Results: the following categories emerged: Stressors in daily work - with the sub-categories: routine care experienced by staff; the difficulty in solving problems of surplus and experienced work overload - and family caregivers and nursing staff: implications for care. Conclusions: the stressor agents may interfere directly on the health of professionals that participated in the study, as well as on the development of quality nursing care.

Anthropogenic impacts on urban blue space and its reciprocal effect on human and socio-ecological health

Quantifying anthropogenic impacts on blue space (BS) and its effect on human and socio-ecological health was least explored. The present study aimed to do this in reference to the urban BS transformation scenario of Eastern India. To measure BS transformation, Landsat image-based water indices were run from 1990 to 2021. Anthropogenic impact score (AIS) and 7 components scores of 78 selected BS on 70 parameters related data driven from the field. Total 345 respondents were taken for human and socio-ecological health assessment. For this, depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX), stress (STR), physical activities (PA), social capital (SC), therapeutic landscape (TL) and environment building (EB) parameters were taken. The result exhibited that BS was reduced. About 50% of urban core BS was reported highly impacted. Human and socio-ecological health was identified as good in proximity to BS, but it was observed better in the cases of larger peripheral BS. AIS on BS was found to be positively associated with mental health (0.47–0.63) and negatively associated with PA, SC, TL and EB (−0.50 to −0.90). Standard residual in ordinary least square was reported low (−1.5 to 1.5) in 95% BS. Therefore, BS health restoration and management is crucial for sustaining the living environment.

Effect of Acute and Cumulative Stress on Gene Expression in Mammary Tissue and Their Interactions with Physiological Responses and Milk Yield in Saanen Goats

This study addresses the hypothesis that different acute stressors can cumulatively decrease milk yield. In fact, in a time of global warming, the impact of environmental stress and farm management practices on milk production remains unclear. In this context, our objective was to investigate the effect of acute and cumulative stress on gene expression in mammary tissue and their interactions with physiological responses and milk yield in Saanen goats. Thirty lactating goats were subjected to two treatments: (1) control (CT), in which goats were maintained following a habitual routine under comfort conditions; (2) stress (ST), in which the goats were subjected to different types of environmental stress: heat stress, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, hoof care management, and exposure to rain. These stressors were performed sequentially, with one stress per day on four consecutive lactation days, to evaluate their effect on milk quality and milk yield. Our results showed that compared to CT goats, cumulative stress increased the gene expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in mammary tissue, which are indicators of cortisol action, inflammatory response, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the acute challenges imposed on ST goats changed their rectal temperature and respiratory frequency and increased cortisol, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein release in plasma when compared to CT goats. Although these physiological and metabolic responses restore homeostasis, ST goats showed lower milk yield and higher somatic cell count in milk than CT goats. In conclusion, the results confirmed our initial hypothesis that different acute stressors cumulatively decrease the milk yield in Saanen goats.

The Protective Role of L-carnitine on Psychosocial Stress-induced Changes in Gene Expression and Protein Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Serum Corticosterone in a Rat Model.

Psychosocial stress (STS) is a common stress in modern societies. Chronic STS is associated with the impairment of a broad range of cognitive functions in humans and with prolonged abnormalities in memory. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a protein family of zinccontaining endopeptidases, are essential in neuro-inflammation and involved in neurodegenerative diseases. L-Car possessed neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and was shown to modulate MMPs. The current study aimed to examine the protective effect of L-Carnitine (L-CAR) on STSinduced changes in serum corticosterone levels, MMP-2, -9, and -12 protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus as a possible mechanism for L-CAR protective effect on STS-induced memory impairment. The chronic STS and L-CAR (300 mg/kg/day, i.p) were simultaneously administered for 6 weeks to adult male Wistar rats. Serum corticosterone and protein levels of MMP-2, -9 and -12 were evaluated using ELISA. Real-Time PCR techniques were used to determine the mRNA levels of MMP-2, -9 and -12 in the hippocampus. The findings showed that serum corticosterone levels and MMP-2 and -9 protein levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the STS group compared to the control. Similarly, RT-PCR findings showed that the mRNA of those proteinases significantly increased (p<0.05) following the intruder method. On the other hand, the administration of L-CAR restored the alterations in corticosterone levels and MMPs gene and protein expression induced by chronic STS. STS induced elevations in corticosterone and MMP-2 and -9 levels in the hippocampus. L-CAR, on the other hand, exhibited protective effects against the STS-induced changes in MMP-2 and -9.

Abstract 12361: Predictors and Utilization of Ultrasound Enhancing Agents for Echocardiography in the Outpatient Setting

Background: The national utilization of ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs) for transthoracic (TTE) or stress (SE) echocardiography in the outpatient setting and their association with downstream utilization of care remains uncertain. Methods: In a set of large, all-payer claims databases (ACTICS Open and Closed Claims) encompassing 90% of the US population, we evaluated rates, predictors of use, and association of UEAs with downstream utilization using linear mixed effects models amongst adult outpatients receiving TTE or SE, 2019-2022. Amongst those with recent hospitalization for AMI, we evaluated the association of UEA receipt and downstream healthcare utilization. Results: A total of 11,270,268 individuals receiving TTE and 744,175 adults receiving SE across 2,407 sites were included (mean age 63, 54.8% female), of which 6.8% receiving TTE and 21.0% receiving SE received UEAs. Patients receiving UEAs were more frequently older, male, and had a greater number of comorbidities. Sites performing UEAs were more frequently large, rural, nonprofits, and teaching facilities. Use varied widely by state ( Figure; 19.7% in Minnesota vs. 1.1% in Delaware) and was not explained by patient or site characteristics (median odds ratios = 4.35). Amongst those receiving TTE after AMI, UEA use was associated with a reduction in cardiac non-stress imaging (adjusted RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.92, p = 0.004), but no substantial differences in cost, days alive at home, readmission rates, cardiac catheterization, or stress imaging (p &gt; 0.05 for all). Conclusions: In this large, nationally representative cohort study, UEAs were used in 6.8% of TTEs and 21.0% of SEs performed in the outpatient setting but use varied widely across sites, unexplained by patient or site characteristics. Amongst outpatients, UEA receipt after AMI was associated with a reduction in cardiac stress imaging, but not other outcomes.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population: A comparison study between rural and urban population

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the mental health of the population globally with the increase in cases of depression, suicide, and self-harm. According to the World Health Organization, there has been an increase of 28% and 26% in major depressive disorders and anxiety, respectively, during 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only a few studies had been conducted in India assessing mental health, especially the post hoc effect of a pandemic. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in rural against urban populations as well as the contributing factors viz age, gender, socioeconomic class, change in occupation, and income. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to February 2022 among participants residing in the area covered by the Urban Health Training Centre (Ajmera, Pimpri, Pune) and Rural Health Training Centre (Alandi, Pune) of a medical college in Pune. One hundred fifty-four participants (total of 308) above 18 years of age who were not diagnosed or under treatment for psychiatric illness were interviewed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) to screen for anxiety, depression, and stress in each setting. Results: Overall prevalence of mental distress was 35.71% (n = 110). In the rural area, it was 29.2% (n = 45) as compared to 42.2% (n = 65). in the urban category. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in urban areas (33.1%) compared to rural areas (19.4%), with an overall prevalence of 26.3%. The net prevalence of anxiety and stress was 35.7% and 15.6%, respectively, which were also higher in urban areas (Anxiety OR = 1.769, P = 0.018*; Stress OR = 2.262, P = 0.013). The upper middle class had the least psychological problems. Overall, 11% of participants had lost their jobs; 48.75% in rural and 37% of urban participants had a decrease in their income. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased burden of mental illness. The prevalence of mental health problems is alarmingly high, especially in urban communities. To combat the global mental health pandemic, the interventions that mediate psychological distress must be quickly implemented. Due importance should be given to mental healthcare in the community.

Coping with work-related stressors: does education reduce work-related stress?

AbstractAimWork is a central area of human life, and work-associated stress can affect health over a long period of time. From a health sociological perspective, it was assumed in this paper that education as a resource is able to support the management of stress(ors) and thus has a positive impact on health.Subject and methodsThis contribution deals with the research question of whether more highly educated people cope better with work-related stressors than those people who are less highly educated. Previous research has already proved the relationship between education and health but not the role that education plays in the coping process. Data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS): Starting Cohort 6 – Adults, was used and a cross-sectional analysis was performed. Linear regression models were estimated to analyse the effect of stressors at the workplace on work-related stress.ResultsThe results show that more well-educated people show a lower level of stress, net of stressors and additional controls. Regarding the moderating effect of education, highly qualified workers are better able to cope with a high level of routine in the workplace. However, more highly educated employees report higher stress levels related to the threat of job loss or lack of occupational advancement compared with less well-educated employees.ConclusionThe general goal of providing healthy work environments can be reached by helping people to recognize and cope with work-related stressors, and by motivating organizations to prevent their members from harmful stressors. Future research should address the ambivalent role of education in moderating the effect of work-related stressors on stress.

Machine learning identifies a COVID-19-specific phenotype in university students using a mental health app

BackgroundAdvances in smartphone technology have allowed people to access mental healthcare via digital apps from wherever and whenever they choose. University students experience a high burden of mental health concerns. Although these apps improve mental health symptoms, user engagement has remained low. Studies have shown that users can be subgrouped based on unique characteristics that just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) can use to improve engagement. To date, however, no studies have examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on these subgroups. ObjectiveHere, we sought to examine user subgroup characteristics across three COVID-19-specific timepoints: during lockdown, immediately following lockdown, and three months after lockdown ended. MethodsTo do this, we used a two-step machine learning approach combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning. ResultsWe demonstrate that there are three unique subgroups of university students who access mental health apps. Two of these, with either higher or lower mental well-being, were defined by characteristics that were stable across COVID-19 timepoints. The third, situational well-being, had characteristics that were timepoint-dependent, suggesting that they are highly influenced by traumatic stressors and stressful situations. This subgroup also showed feelings and behaviours consistent with burnout. ConclusionsOverall, our findings clearly suggest that user subgroups are unique: they have different characteristics and therefore likely have different mental healthcare goals. Our findings also highlight the importance of including questions and additional interventions targeting traumatic stress(ors), reason(s) for use, and burnout in JITAI-style mental health apps to improve engagement.

Intrinsic Predictors of Injury on a Multi-day Wilderness Event for Adolescents and Adult Leaders

Wilderness recreation has become increasingly popular in the US over the last few decades; with adolescents and young adults making up 20% of participants. While outdoor recreation has many benefits, there is also risk of injury. It is hypothesized that certain intrinsic and lifestyle factors impact risk of injury; stress, age, and pre-existing psychological conditions. There were 48 adolescents, 21 adults, and 3 unclassified individuals enrolled for a total of 72 healthy individuals of varying fitness levels. They pulled handcarts for 22 miles in Utah’s high plains for what is known as Pioneer Trek. This is a multi-day optional experience for youth to participate in to gain an appreciation of what the early Utah settlers accomplished when they crossed the plains. A survey was given to identify pre-existing conditions and education was provided for prevention of common injuries and dehydration. The medical team saw patients as needed and charted the type and frequency of injury. Logistic regression was performed using pre-existing conditions, injury type and frequency. Older age and low feelings of stress were associated with reducing the odds of injury (Age OR = .898, stress OR = .017). We also found that individuals with pre-existing psychological conditions were more likely to incur an injury (OR = 4.90 P = .07). Our study showed that age, psychological condition, and experiencing sensations of stress impact the risk of injury. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration to prevent injuries in wilderness activities.

Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Perawatan Anak terhadap Stres dan Kecemasan Orang Tua di Ruang Intensif

This study aims to evaluate the results of research that has been published regarding the effect of parental involvement in child care on parental stress and anxiety in the intensive care unit. The method used is a systematic review through search strategies on eight electronic databases with the keywords used (Parent involvement OR Parent participation OR Family Integrity Care OR Family Centered Care) AND (pediatric intensive care OR PICU OR NICU) AND (Parent Stress OR Parent anxiety). The search results obtained 12 articles that would be assessed for quality with the guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Research results show that parental involvement in child care in intensive care can reduce parental stress and anxiety. The highest significance was seen in the Family Integrated Care (FICare) program (p &lt; 0.00043) and Family Centered Care (FCC) (p &lt; 0.001) in the NICU room. In conclusion, all forms of parental involvement can reduce stress and anxiety, but parental involvement in child care in the PICU room is still limited.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Engagement, Intensive Room, Stress

HUBUNGAN LOW BACK PAIN, STRES KERJA, DAN BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS KERJA DOSEN DI UNIVERSITAS PERINTIS INDONESIA TAHUN 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Low Back Pain, work stress and workload on lecturers' work productivity Design/methodology/approach: Research methodology, quantitative research, using a cross sectional approach, multiple logistic analysis with prediction type. The population in this study were 103 lecturers. The sampling technique used is total sampling, by using 71 samples. The instruments were used the Nasa TLX Questionnaire for mental workload, pain and distress scale questionnaire for LBP, and work productivity questionnaire. Data processing using SPSS 22 Findings: The results of the analysis can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Low Back Pain, Working stress and workload were confounding factor, as risk factor for work productivity. The independent variable has a P value &gt; 0.05. OR variable low back pain = 4.00 Variable mental workload OR = 0.96 Variable work stress OR =354139403.479 Research implications: It is necessary to organize working room, a more comfortable and ergonomic lecturer's work attitude, stress management and workload for prevention.

Study on Fracture Turning and Extending Law of Refracturing in Horizontal Wells

The mechanism of refracturing fractiue turning in horizontal wells was studied. The turning radius of fractures under different stress conditions was calculated by numerical simulation. The research results indicate that with the increase of time, the fracture turning radius increases gradually, and the change of the fractiu e turning radius is no longer obvious after the optimal fracturing time is reached. The variation law of reservoir str ess field in the process of refracturing was studied, and the net pressure conditions in the fracture that produce complex fractures were given. Based on these studies, a mechanical calculation model for crack opening was established. Tire opening and extension laws of refracturing fractures under different conditions were calculated and analyzed by finite element method: with the increase of the difference of horizontal principal stress, the difficulty of opening natural cracks gradually increases; with the increase of induced stress perpendicular to the direction of hydraulic fractures. natural fractures are relatively easy to open.

СМЫСЛОЖИЗНЕННЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ И САМОРЕГУЛЯЦИЯ КАК ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОРРЕЛЯТЫ КОНСТРУКТИВНОГО СОВЛАДАНИЯ СО СТРЕССОМ В ЮНОШЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

Background. Th e crisis state of the modern world and due to it — the increased level of stress threatening to the psychological and physical health of people make the problem of identifying the psychological factors of coping with stress especially urgent. regulation are considered as personality factors associated with constructive coping with stress. Objective. Th e study had its purpose to investigate the role of self-regulation and life sense orientations in coping with stress in adolescence. Methods. Th e study implemented the following methods: Crumbaugh and Maholic’s “Purpose-in-Life Test” (PIL) adapted by D. Leontyev, Morosanova’s Self-Regulation Profi le Questionnaire (SRPQM), WSQ adap ted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuft yak, COPE Str ess Coping Inventory adapted by E.I. Rasskazova, T.O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin. Mathematical and statistical data processing was carried out in Excel program by means of correlation analysis. Sample. Th e study involved university students in St. Petersburg aged 18 to 23 years (N = 60, 50% of girls). Results. Correlation analysis of the data obtained demonstrated that life meaningfulness is positively correlated with active c oping (r = 0.440, p &lt; 0.01), problem solving (r = 0.333, p &lt; 0.01), social distraction (r = 0.357, p &lt; 0.01) and negatively correlated with behavioral avoidance of the problem (r = –0.442, p &lt; 0.01) and emotion-oriented coping (r = –0.500, p &lt; 0.01). Self-regulation level is positively correlated with problem solving(r = 0.606, p &lt; 0.01), planning (r = 0.510, p &lt; 0.01), active coping (r = 0.369, p &lt; 0.01), inhibition of competing activity (r = 0.334, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion. Th e study revealed that in adolescence, constructive ways of coping with stress correspond to high rates of meaningfulness of life and self-regulation. Young people who have a higher level of life meaningfulness and a higher general level of conscious self-regulation are less likely to give up their goals when faced with diffi cult life circumstances. On the contrary, their purposeful activity is aimed at fi nding an optimal solution to the problem. Th e data obtained empirically confi rm the important role of life meaningfulness and self-regulation in constructive coping with stress. Analysis of the relationship of these psychological factors with coping strategies gives reason to conclude that while self-regulation allows to mobilize one’s resources for a quick and eff ective solution to the problem, meaningfulness of life helps to cope with long and intractable situations that require the preservation of physical and mental resources for a long time.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Shirodhara on Mental Health conditions and Sleep Disorders: A Review

Introduction: Data from National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India-2016 revealed that the prevalence of mental disorders in India is 13.7%. The prevalence of other mental disorders like anxiety, depression, substance use etc. was found 10% of the population, nearly twice more in urban metros and with significant gender differences. The available treatment options are based on symptoms severity. Thus, integrated care models are required to tackle the condition. Shirodhara, one of the classical treatments is being practiced since years to cure mental health conditions among individuals. This study was planned to review the effects of Shirodhara on mental health conditions. Materials and Methods: A review was conducted using (Shirodhara) AND (Anxiety OR Depressive Disorder OR Depression OR Stress OR Mental Health OR Mental Disorders OR Sleep) as keywords. The articles with full paper, in English language and published during last 10 years were considered for the review. Observations and Results: In the present review, total 5 Studies were found to be eligible and thus were included. The mental health condition of the patients was significantly improved in overall all the groups of the included trials. The effects are more prominent in comparative groups where Shirodhara has been used in combination or in addition with oral medications as compared to alone therapy. It is also observed that Cognitive functions, executive memory, sleep quality and quality of life were better improved with add on Shirodhara therapy. Discussion: Mano-Vikara are mostly explained under Vata-Nanatmaja Vikara and of Vata and Pitta Dusthi Lakshan. Shirodhara is one of the best remedy of pacifying the abnormal Vata Doshas as per classics. No severe adverse events were reported in any of the five trials, but minor adverse events were reported by four participants in one trial. Conclusion: Shirodhara is beneficial in improving mental health conditions. Hence, it can be used as one of the integrated treatment modality so as to encourage the multilevel approach with a solution of improving mental health conditions and quality of life of the people.

Optimization of suitable tests for rapid screening of tomato genotypes for drought stre ss tolerance at seed germination and vegetative development stages

Amaç: Bu çalışma, domates genetik kaynaklarının kuraklık stresine karşı hızlı taranması için PEG-6000'in neden olduğu kuraklık stresinin uygunluğunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, kurağa toleransı yüksek (M28) ve düşük (Alyans) olduğu bilinen iki çeşit test edilmiştir. Çimlendirme testinde iki farklı PEG konsantrasyonu (%4 ve %6) denenmiştir. Fide aşamasındaki test su kültürü tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede (1) kökleri yetiştirme ortamından temizlenmiş çıplak köklü veya (2) kökleri yetiştirme ortamından temizlenmemiş fideler kullanılmıştır. Su kültürüne alınan fidelere 7 gün sonra kuraklık stresi (Ψs= -1.0 MPa) kademeli olarak (-0.25, -0.5 -0.75 ve -1.0 MPa) her 48 saatte bir artırılarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırma Bulguları: Tohum çimlenme testinde, vigor indeksinde kuraklık stresi altında kontrole kıyasla meydana gelen azalma, M28 çeşidinde daha az olmuştur. Su kültüründe, kökleri yetiştirme ortamından temizlenmemiş fideler kullanılması durumunda stres belirtileri beklenen sürede ortaya çıkmamıştır. Kuraklık stresi altında bitki gelişimi, klorofil a ve b, karotenoid içeriği ve yaprak oransal nem içeriğinde meydana gelen azalış ile prolin içeriğinde meydana gelen artış M28 çeşidinde daha düşük olmuştur. Sonuç: Domates genetik kaynaklarının kuraklık stresine tolerans açısından taranmasında; tohum çimlendirme aşamasında %4’lük PEG-6000, vegetatif gelişme aşamasında durgun su kültüründe PEG-6000 ile Ψs= -1.0 MPa osmotik stres yaratılmasının uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiology fellow echocardiography education at a large academic center

BackgroundIn response to COVID-19 pandemic state restrictions, our institution deferred elective procedures from 3/15/2020 to 6/13/2020, and removed cardiology fellows from the echocardiography rotation to staff clinical services. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fellow education and echocardiography volumes.MethodsOur institutional database was used to examine volumes of transthoracic (TTE), stress (SE), and transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE) from 7/1/2018 to 10/10/2020. Study volumes were compared in three intervals: pre-pandemic (7/1/2018- 3/14/2020), pandemic (3/15/2020–6/13/2020), and pandemic recovery (6/14/2020–10/10/2020). We examined weekly number of TTEs performed or interpreted by cardiology fellows during the study period, and compared these to the two previous academic years.ResultsWeekly TTE volume declined by 54% during the pandemic, and increased by 99% during pandemic recovery, (p < 0.05). SE and TEE revealed similar trends. A strong correlation between weekly TTE volume and inpatient admissions was observed during the study period (rs=0.67, p < 0.05). Weekly fellow TTE scans declined by 78% during the pandemic, with a 380% increase during pandemic recovery (p < 0.05). Weekly fellow TTE interpretations declined by 56% during the pandemic, with a 76% increase during pandemic recovery (p < 0.05).ConclusionCOVID restrictions between 3/15/2020- 6/14/2020 coincided with a marked decline in TTE, SE, and TEE volumes, with an increase similar to near pre-pandemic volumes during the pandemic recovery period. A similar decline with the onset of COVID restrictions, and increase to pre-restriction volumes thereafter was observed with fellow scans and interpretations, but total academic year fellow training volumes remained depressed. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and rise of multiple variants, training programs may need to adjust fellows’ clinical responsibilities so as to support achievement of echocardiography training certification.