Stress Difference Research Articles

Types and Predictors of Acculturative Stress Among Multicultural Adolescents in Middle School

Objectives: This study examines how acculturative stress in multicultural adolescents changes during their middle school years and categorizes groups with similar patterns of change. Additionally, the study explores predictive variables influencing these distinct acculturative stress trajectories and verifies how depression and life satisfaction vary according to different patterns of change.Methods: Leveraging data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel (MAPS 1) conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs across the fourth to sixth waves, the researchers analyzed a cohort of 1,316 participants, including multicultural adolescents and their parents. Logistic regression analysis and ANOVA were employed to investigate potential disparities in growth mixture modeling and acculturative stress latent classes based on predictive factors.Results: Three latent groups of multicultural adolescents’ acculturative stress were identified: low-retention group, persistent increasing group, persistent decrease group. The logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, bicultural acceptance attitude, Korean-language proficiency, foreign parent’s native-language proficiency, parental acculturative stress, and peer support were significantly associated with latent groups. Additionally, significant differences in depression and life satisfaction during the third grade of middle school were observed according to the types of acculturative stress changes.Conclusion: Our study results indicate the need for various support programs aimed at promoting the psychosocial adaptation of multicultural adolescents. These programs should take into account the characteristics and individual differences in acculturative stress and should be implemented at the family level to facilitate social adaptation.

Traumatic Stress, Psychological Well-being, and Sociodemographic Correlates in High-stress Environments among Healthcare Professionals

Background Healthcare staff provide crucial services to their patients; hence, their well-being is essential to ensure they offer the best services with minimal harm to their health. Aim This study aimed to identify associations of traumatic stress, psychological well-being, and sociodemographic variables to provide insight into the experiences and feelings of healthcare personnel in high-stress settings. Furthermore, we will examine how sociodemographic factors and traumatic stress impact the psychological well-being of high-stress environment healthcare professionals. Objective This research investigated the relationship between traumatic stress, psychological well-being, and sociodemographic factors in high-stress environments among healthcare personnel in different medical units. It was hypothesized that sociodemographic variables and traumatic stress will predict psychological well-being among healthcare workers who work in high-stress environments. Furthermore, there will be differences in traumatic stress and psychological well-being based on sociodemographic variables among healthcare workers working in high-stress environments. will experience high l Methods To accomplish this goal, an online survey including sociodemographic information, standardized questionnaires of Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, and a Brief Inventory of Thriving were administered to healthcare personnel (N=290) to collect data for sociodemographic characteristics, traumatic stress levels, and psychological well-being. The results were processed by using SPSS. The descriptive statistics measured participants' characteristics, traumatic stress levels, and psychological well-being. The pearson product-moment correlation, regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to measure the relationship and impact of sociodemographic factors, traumatic stress, and psychological well-being. Results A significant inverse relationship between traumatic stress and psychological well-being (r= -0.518, p < 0.05) was reported. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis provided the predictive association of traumatic stress and negative well-being (p<0.05). Additionally, ANOVA was conducted to measure the differences in socio- demographic variables of traumatic stress and the psychological well-being level of healthcare professionals. Conclusion The results of this research could help inform policy decisions and interventions that may improve the psychological well-being of healthcare personnel in high-stress environments. Ethical considerations such as participant privacy protection and addressing potential psychological distress are also discussed.

Attributes of multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders in female university students in South Korea

ABSTRACT Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in young adults, particularly women, who tend to develop multiple FGIDs over time. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multiple concurrent FGIDs among female university students and identify differences in dietary habits, academic stress, and quality of life (QOL) based on the number of concurrent FGIDs. This secondary analysis included data from 406 female participants, originally collected through an online survey from two universities in one city in Korea. The online survey was accessible only after participants were verified as students through their online community. Concurrent FGID was present in 25.8 percent (n = 16) of the participants with FGIDs (n = 62), with the most common being irritable bowel syndrome + functional dyspepsia overlap (43.8 percent, 7/16). Participants with multiple concurrent FGIDs consumed fewer grains and vegetables, while significantly more of them consumed instant food, fast food, milk, and tea/coffee. They experienced significantly higher academic stress and lower QOL than those without the disease. Female university students with concurrent FGIDs tend to have unhealthy dietary habits, and concurrent FGIDs negatively affect academic stress and QOL. Therefore, female university students should undergo early-stage screening for FGIDs, and a comprehensive program should address their dietary habits and stress-coping skills.

Differences in human thermal and physiological responses under corridor and greenway in summer in guangzhou

As urbanization and the heat island effect intensify, comfortable and healthy outdoor micro-environments are particularly important for sustainable urban development, encouraging more outdoor activities. Fewer studies have focused on differences in thermal comfort and thermal physiology of users in potential outdoor open spaces. Therefore, this study aims to examine the differences in thermal comfort and thermal stress among users of common outdoor open shady spaces, contributing towards a better thermal experience and mitigating heat stress. In this study, a field investigation of corridors and greenways was conducted on a campus in Guangzhou in the summer based on subjective questionnaires and objective measurements of thermal environment, and thermal physiological parameters. The results found that people were more likely to experience good thermal comfort and weaker intensity of thermal stress in corridors with significant differences in physiological responses. Furthermore, the upper limit comfort temperatures of the corridor and greenway were 34.0 and 33.4 °C, respectively. In addition, it can be concluded that the corridor was a more optimal space for outdoor shade before evening, whereas the greenway was more optimal in the evening in summer. The findings determine the thermal benchmarks for typical outdoor shady spaces in hot and humid regions in summer, which can help designers create comfortable outdoor public spaces that improve thermal comfort and people's health.

The Exponential Shapeshifting Response of N-Vinylcaprolactam Hydrogel Bilayers Due to Temperature Change for Potential Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) are two popular negatively temperature-responsive hydrogels, due to their biocompatibility, softness, hydrophilicity, superabsorbency, viscoelasticity, and near-physiological lower critical solution temperature (LCST). These characteristics make them ideal for biomedical applications. When combined with other materials, hydrogel expansion induces the morphing of the assembly due to internal stress differences. Our recent developments in NVCL hydrogel, enhanced by nanoclay incorporation, have driven us to the creation of a bilayer structure to study its shapeshifting response across various temperatures. This study focused on the bending behaviour of bilayer samples composed of an active hydrogel layer and a passive non-swellable layer. Using photopolymerisation, circular discs and rectangular bilayer samples of varying sizes were fabricated. Homogeneous circular samples demonstrated that hydrogel density increased proportionally with temperature, with the swelling ratio exhibiting two distinct rates of change below and above its LCST. In bilayer samples, the volume of the passive layer influenced bending, and its optimal volume was identified. The investigation revealed that geometry affected the overall bending effect due to changes in the passive layer stiffness. Lastly, a temperature-responsive gripper capable of picking up objects several times its own weight was demonstrated, highlighting the potential of NVCL hydrogels as bioactuators for minimally invasive surgery.

Rapid particle generation from an STL file and related issues in the application of material point methods to complex objects

In this paper, we focus on three issues related to applications of material point methods (MPMs) to objects with complex geometries. They are material point generation, compatibility of material points with a mesh, and sensitivity to mesh orientation. An efficient method of generating material points from a stereolithography (STL) file is introduced. This material point generation method is independent of the mesh used in MPM calculations. The compatibility between the material points and the mesh is then studied. We also show that the original MPM and the dual domain material point (DDMP) method are sensitive to mesh orientation. These issues are related to the calculation of the internal force and are concerns of the MPMs. They become more prominent when MPMs are applied to complex geometries. Our numerical results show that the recently developed local stress difference (LSD) algorithm (Perez et al. in J Comp Phys 498:112681, 2024) can be used to effectively address them.

Material composition and mechanical properties of the venom-injecting forcipules in centipedes

BackgroundCentipedes are terrestrial and predatory arthropods that possess an evolutionary transformed pair of appendages used for venom injection—the forcipules. Many arthropods incorporate reinforcing elements into the cuticle of their piercing or biting structures to enhance hardness, elasticity or resistance to wear and structural failure. Given their frequent exposure to high mechanical stress, we hypothesise that the cuticle of the centipede forcipule might be mechanically reinforced. With a combination of imaging, analytical techniques and mechanical testing, we explore the centipede forcipule in detail to shed light on its morphology and performance. Additionally, we compare these data to characteristics of the locomotory leg to infer evolutionary processes.ResultsWe examined sclerotization patterns using confocal laser-scanning microscopy based on autofluorescence properties of the cuticle (forcipule and leg) and elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in representative species from all five centipede lineages. These experiments revealed gradually increasing sclerotization towards the forcipular tarsungulum and a stronger sclerotization of joints in taxa with condensed podomeres. Depending on the species, calcium, zinc or chlorine are present with a higher concentration towards the distal tarsungulum. Interestingly, these characteristics are more or less mirrored in the locomotory leg’s pretarsal claw in Epimorpha. To understand how incorporated elements affect mechanical properties, we tested resistance to structural failure, hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) in two representative species, one with high zinc and one with high calcium content. Both species, however, exhibit similar properties and no differences in mechanical stress the forcipule can withstand.ConclusionsOur study reveals similarities in the material composition and properties of the forcipules in centipedes. The forcipules transformed from an elongated leg-like appearance into rigid piercing structures. Our data supports their serial homology to the locomotory leg and that the forcipule’s tarsungulum is a fusion of tarsus and pretarsal claw. Calcium or zinc incorporation leads to comparable mechanical properties like in piercing structures of chelicerates and insects, but the elemental incorporation does not increase H and E in centipedes, suggesting that centipedes followed their own pathways in the evolutionary transformation of piercing tools.

Design of functionally graded porous lattice structure tibial implant for TAR

Use of porous lattice structures and functionally graded (FG) implants in orthopaedic applications has emerged as a promising solution to reduce stress shielding. However, there is a notable research gap in examining the effects of post-operative scenarios within the lattice pores and different porosity distribution laws in functionally graded porous lattice structure (FGPLS) implants on the biomechanical performance of tibial implant for total ankle replacement (TAR). The objective of the study is to investigates the effects of both post-operative tissues and various porosity distribution laws on the biomechanical performance of tibial implant for TAR and proposes a new design strategy. CAD models for lattice structures at various porosities were developed to incorporate the effects of post-operative tissues such as fibrous tissue, cartilage, immature bone, and mature bone. The pore spaces of these lattice structures were assumed to be filled with the post-operative ingrowth tissues. The lattice structure and these tissues together form the Representative volume element (RVE), whose effective properties were calculated using Asymptotic homogenization (AH) technique. Equations linking mechanical properties and porosity were established and used to assign mechanical properties to macro-FE models of FGPLS tibial implants based on three different power laws i.e. n = 0.1,1 and 5. Macro-FE models for intact and implanted tibia bones were developed using homogeneous properties of cortical bone and heterogeneous cancellous bone properties. The proximal part of the tibia was fixed, and a compressive load was applied through the anterior nodes of the meniscal bearing to represent dorsiflexion loading during normal walking. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized to investigate the biomechanical performance of these implanted models in terms of stress distribution in the tibia bone and implant-bone micromotion. A comparison was made between models with solid metallic implants and those with FGPLS implants. Additionally, models with varying post-operative tissues in the pore space were compared, as well as models with different porosity variation laws were also compared. Results demonstrated that models implanted with FGPLS implants having porosity variation based on power law n = 0.1 showed increased bone stress and micromotion compared to those with solid metallic implants. Specifically, in models with FGPLS implants with porosity variation based on a power law of n = 0.1, the bone area with stress ranging from 2–5 MPa increased significantly in the periprosthetic region compared to models with solid metallic implants. The bone stress value for the majority of the region above the medial and lateral peg increased from 1–2 MPa to 2–5 MPa. Although there was a slight increase in micromotion values, they remained below the acceptable threshold of 50 µm. Models with porosity variations based on power laws n = 1 and n = 5 exhibited similar bone stress and micromotion results as solid metallic implants. Additionally, no significant difference in bone stresses was observed for different stages of bone ingrowth at pore space. These findings indicate that both the porous structure and porosity distribution within the implant significantly influence the biomechanical performance of tibial implants for TAR. So, it can be concluded that FGPLS implants with power law n = 0.1 are effective in reducing stress shielding and supporting the long-term survival of TAR by increasing bone stress and reducing the chances of aseptic loosening due to implant induced adaptive bone remodelling.

Individual Differences in Psychological Stress Associated with Data Breach Experiences

Data breach incidents are now a regular occurrence, with millions of people affected worldwide. Few studies have examined the psychological aspects of data breach experiences, however, or the individual differences that influence how people react to these events. In this study, we examined the psychological stress associated with a personal experience with a data breach and several individual differences hypothesized to modulate such stress (age, gender, digital security awareness and expertise, trait anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry). A student sample (N = 166) and a community sample (N = 359) completed an online survey that asked participants to describe their most serious data breach and then complete the Impact of Events Scale—Revised (IES-R) to answer specific questions about the nature of the stress they experienced after the breach. Standard measures of trait anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry were also completed. A Data Breach Severity Index (DBSI) was created to quantify the invasiveness and consequences of each participant’s data breach. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to identify demographic variables and psychological characteristics predictive of IES-R scores while controlling for DBSI scores. As expected, more invasive and consequential data breaches were associated with higher IES-R scores (greater data-breach-induced stress). Women had higher IES-R scores than men, and this difference persisted after controlling for gender differences in anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry. Greater daily social media use was associated with higher IES-R scores, whereas higher digital security expertise was associated with lower IES-R scores. The results illuminate several relationships between demographic and psychological characteristics and data-breach-induced stress that should be investigated further.

Research on Horizontal Well Multi-Fracture Propagation Law under the Synergistic Effect of Complex Natural Fracture and Reservoir Heterogeneity

Conventional fracturing design generally only considers the propagation of a single fracture in homogeneous storage, but the heterogeneity characteristics of the reservoir and the development of complex natural fractures will affect the fracturing effect. In order to study the horizontal well fracture propagation law under the synergistic effect of complex natural fracture reservoir heterogeneity, the globally embedded cohesive element finite model is established, and the heterogeneous reservoirs are built by Python programming. The influencing factors of multi-fracture propagation with heterogeneous reservoirs are analyzed, including the in situ stress difference, the injection rate of fracturing fluid, the perforation spacing, and the perforating clusters number. The results show that the heterogeneity and the natural fracture of the reservoir will affect the in situ stress distribution and propagation direction. When the in situ stress difference is low, the reservoir heterogeneity and natural fractures have a great influence on the fracture morphology. With the increase in injection rate, the fracture length and fracture width increase. With the in situ stress difference increase, the fracture deflection angle decreases. With the increase in fracturing fluid injection rate, the fracture length increases. The number of hydraulic fractures communicating with natural fractures increases with the natural fracture number and the number of perforation clusters under the synergistic effect of complex natural fracture and reservoir heterogeneity.

Axial compressive behavior of partially encased composite reactive powder concrete columns after high-temperature exposure

Replacing ordinary concrete in partially encased concrete (PEC) columns with high-strength and durability reactive powder concrete (RPC) significantly improves their axial capacity and suppresses local buckling of the steel section. To study the axial mechanical performance of partially encased composite reactive powder concrete (PEC-RPC) columns after exposure to high temperatures, axial compression tests of eight PEC-RPC column specimens were designed and conducted. Thermal response, failure modes, axial load-vertical displacement curves, and strain-axial strain curves of different specimens were observed considering the effects of link spacing, cross-sectional dimensions, constant temperature duration, and cooling methods. Results indicate: PEC-RPC columns exhibited whitening on the surface of RPC after high-temperature exposure, specimens with the largest link spacing experienced RPC peeling due to concentrated thermal stress, exacerbated by spraying water, which created a stress difference between the surface and the interior, resulting in RPC peeling. The deeper the thermocouple was embedded, the lower the measured temperature. Additionally, due to the significantly lower thermal conductivity of RPC compared to steel, the temperature at measurement points within the RPC is much lower than that at the steel web. The failure mode of PEC-RPC columns after axial loading was characterized by the crushing of RPC and local buckling of section steel. The larger the link spacing, the more prone it was to multi-layer buckling, and columns with larger cross-sectional sizes tended to exhibit shear failure. The characteristic value of mechanical performance showed higher sensitivity to cross-sectional dimensions, but relatively lower sensitivity to link spacing and constant temperature duration. As the cross-sectional dimensions increased from 150×150 mm to 250×250 mm, the peak load, residual bearing capacity, stiffness, and ductility increased by 72.51–164.86 %, 89.8–173.6 %, 61.85–151.47 %, and 13.72–31.46 %, respectively. Finally, based on partition constraint theory and superposition principle, a simplified method for calculating the axial mechanical performance of PEC-RPC columns after exposure to high temperatures was proposed.

Comparison of implant placement at crestal and subcrestal levels in aesthetic zone: A finite element analysis.

The success rate of the implant treatment, including aesthetics and long-term survival, relies heavily on preserving crestal peri-implant bone, as it determines the stability and long-term outcomes. This study aimed to demonstrate the stress differences in the crestal bone resulting from dental implant placement at various depths relative to the crestal bone level using finite element analysis. Three study models were prepared for implant placement at the crestal bone level (CL), 1 mm depth (SL-1),and 2mm depth (SL-2). Implants were placed in the maxillary central incisor region of each model, and 100 N vertical and oblique forces were applied. The von Mises, maximum principal (tensile), and minimum principal (compressive) stresses were evaluated. The CL model exhibited the highest stresses on the implant, abutment, and abutment screws under vertical and oblique forces. For maximum principal stress in the crestal bone under vertical force, the SL-2, SL-1, and CL models recorded values of 6.56, 6.26, and 5.77MPa, respectively. Under oblique forces, stress values for SL-1, SL-2, and CL were 25.3, 24.91, and 23.76MPa, respectively. The CL model consistently exhibited the lowest crestal bone stress at all loads and the highest stress values on the implant and its components. Moreover, considering the yield strengths of the materials, no mechanical or physiological complications were noted. Placing the implant at the crestal level or subcrestally beyond the cortical layer could potentially reduce stress and minimize crestal bone loss. However, further studies are warranted for confirmation.

Lifestyles and academic stress among health sciences students at the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador: a longitudinal study.

The significant changes experienced by university students in their training are inherent to educational processes. Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and the reopening of higher-education institutions produced substantial variations in the lifestyle of university students in health sciences and generated academic stress and perceived stress. This study was conducted at the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH), a public institution located in Riobamba, central Ecuador, the diverse student's population provided an ideal setting for examining the interplay between academic and perceived stress, lifestyle factors, and learning modalities. The research focused on health sciences students across six academic programs. The university's geographical position and demographic characteristics offered a representative sample for investigating these factors within the context changing. To compare academic and perceived stress and university students' lifestyles at two different periods: (1) during the mandatory social confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with an online learning modality (T1); (2) in the post-pandemic period with a return to face-to-face activities (T2). An observational, analytical, quantitative, and longitudinal study. Students from six programs (Nursing, Physiotherapy, Clinical Laboratory, Medicine, Dentistry, and Clinical Psychology) from the Faculty of Health of the National University of Chimborazo-Ecuador (n = 2,237) participated voluntarily, the students had one mean age of M = 21.31 (SD = 2.36) at T1 and M = 22.94 (SD = 2.40) at T2. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed due to the accessibility of the student population and the importance of including the maximum number of relevant individuals within the study population. The following instruments were used: Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire, Cognitive Systemic Inventory for the study of academic stress, and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. In T1 and T2, students reported high levels of stress, and increased unhealthy lifestyle increased with the return to classrooms. Additionally, upon returning to face-to-face activities (T2), the mean score applied to the responses of Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire decreased from M = 113.34 (SD = 23.02) to M = 107.2 (SD = 29.70; p < 0.001). There was significant difference (p < 0.001) in academic stress in T1 [M = 66.25 (SD = 15.66)] and T2 [M = 64.00 (SD = 17.91)]. Upon returning to university classrooms (T2), the number of students who reported an "unhealthy" lifestyle increased. Academic stress was high in T1 and T2 and was reported higher in online activities during social isolation.

Fracture Evolution during CO2 Fracturing in Unconventional Formations: A Simulation Study Using the Phase Field Method

With the introduction of China’s “dual carbon” goals, CO2 is increasingly valued as a resource and is being utilized in unconventional oil and gas development. Its application in fracturing operations shows promising prospects, enabling efficient extraction of oil and gas while facilitating carbon sequestration. The process of reservoir stimulation using CO2 fracturing is complex, involving coupled phenomena such as temperature variations, fluid behavior, and rock mechanics. Currently, numerous scholars have conducted fracturing experiments to explore the mechanisms of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2)-induced fractures in relatively deep formations. However, there is relatively limited numerical simulation research on the coupling processes involved in CO2 fracturing. Some simulation studies have simplified reservoir and operational parameters, indicating a need for further exploration into the multi-field coupling mechanisms of CO2 fracturing. In this study, a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical fracturing model considering the CO2 properties and heat transfer characteristics was developed using the phase field method. The multi-field coupling characteristics of hydraulic fracturing with water and SC-CO2 are compared, and the effects of different geological parameters (such as in situ stress) and engineering parameters (such as the injection rate) on fracturing performance in tight reservoirs were investigated. The simulation results validate the conclusion that CO2, especially in its supercritical state, effectively reduces reservoir breakdown pressures and induces relatively complex fractures compared with water fracturing. During CO2 injection, heat transfer between the fluid and rock creates a thermal transition zone near the wellbore, beyond which the reservoir temperature remains relatively unchanged. Larger temperature differentials between the injected CO2 fluid and the formation result in more complicated fracture patterns due to thermal stress effects. With a CO2 injection, the displacement field of the formation deviated asymmetrically and changed abruptly when the fracture formed. As the in situ stress difference increased, the morphology of the SC-CO2-induced fractures tended to become simpler, and conversely, the fracture presented a complicated distribution. Furthermore, with an increasing injection rate of CO2, the fractures exhibited a greater width and extended over longer distances, which are more conducive to reservoir volumetric enhancement. The findings of this study validate the authenticity of previous experimental results, and it analyzed fracture evolution through the multi-field coupling process of CO2 fracturing, thereby enhancing theoretical understanding and laying a foundational basis for the application of this technology.

Peptide hydrogel based electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous monitoring ofH2O2 and NO released from three-dimensional cultured breast cancer cells.

Anantifouling peptide hydrogel-based electrochemical biosensor was developedfor real-time monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) released by 3D cultured breast cancer cells upon drug stimulation. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were electrodeposited on titanium mesh (Pt NPs/TM) to enhance sensitivity and shown topossess excellent electrocatalytic ability toward H2O2 and NO. The composite hydrogel formed by co-assembling of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) and a fluorine methoxycarbonyl group-functionalized Lys-(Fmoc)-Asp was coated on Pt NPs/TM electrode surface to provide cellular scaffolding. Their favorable biocompatibility promoted cell adhesion and growth, while good hydrophilicity endowed the sensor with greatly enhanced antifouling capability in complex cell culture environments. The biosensor successfully determined H2O2 and NO secretion from both non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer cells in real time. Our results demonstrated robust associations between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and cell malignancy, with the main difference in oxidative stress between the two subtypes of cells being NO release, particularly emphasizing RNS's critical leading in driving cancer metastasis and invasion progression. This sensor holds great potential for cell-release research under the in vivo-like microenvironment and could reveal RNS as an attractive therapeutic target for treating breast cancer.

Comorbidity of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Orthognathic Surgery Patients

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health disorder in which a person believes that their actual physical features appear worse than they truly are. The aim of this study is to examine the presence of BDD and its comorbidity with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with planned orthognathic surgery for dentofacial deformities. Methods: In this study conducted on patients scheduled for orthognathic surgery, the presence of BDD, OCD, depression, anxiety, and stress was determined by administering the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) prior to the surgery. An independent samples t-test evaluated differences between group means, Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated the linear relationship between two variables, and the chi-square test assessed the relationship between two categorical variables. A p-value below 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. A total of 108 patients were included in the study, with 54 patients Class 2 and 54 patients Class 3. Results: BIDQ, FOCI, depression, anxiety, and stress, males showed statistically significant higher results compared to females (p &lt;0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in BIDQ, FOCI, depression, and stress between Class 2 and Class 3 patients (p&gt;0.05). Of the 108 patients included in the study, a total of 20.4% (n=22) were found to be BDD positive. Among the female patients, 10% (n=6) were BDD positive, while among the male patients, 33.3% (n=16) were BDD positive. When evaluated in terms of skeletal classification, 14.8% (n=8) of Class 2 patients were BDD positive, while 25.9% (n=14) of Class 3 patients were BDD positive. Conclusions: Surgeons performing orthognathic surgery should be familiar with common and often severe body image disturbances. When evaluating patients seeking orthognathic surgery, their psychological conditions should be carefully considered.

In-situ stress field simulation and fracture distribution prediction of middle lower Ordovician in Zone B of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin

This study constructed a heterogeneous rock mechanics model through well seismic joint inversion, set up a dual cycle statement to optimize the application of boundary loads, and obtained the current stress field distribution in Zone B. At the same time, we preferred the rock fracture criterion, carried out the quantitative characterization of different natures of fractures, and used the integrated fracture development rate to portray the integrated fracture development situation. Finally, the horizontal stress difference, stress heterogeneity coefficient, and comprehensive fracture rate were proposed to define the development index of fractured reservoirs. The results show that (1) the maximum horizontal principal stress is 102–144 MPa, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is 85–125 MPa; (2) the development rate of tension fractures is 0.03–0.23, the development rate of shear fractures is 0.15–0.54, and the integrated fracture development rate is 0.28–0.79; (3) the development index of fracture-type reservoirs is >2.3, Class I; 1.8–2.3, Class II; When it is lower than 1.8, Grade III. This article attempts to apply the stress field simulation results to the quantitative prediction of reservoir fractures, adding new ideas for the practical application of stress field results.

Rheological Property Modification of a Molten-State Polyamide through the Addition of an α-Olefin-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer.

The rheological properties of a polyamide (PA) resin with low crystallinity were modified by melt-mixing it with a small amount of an alternative α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer as a reactive compound. Because PA has a low melting point, rheological characterization was performed over a wide temperature range. Owing to the reaction between PA and the alternative α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer, the blend sample behaved as a long-chain branched polymer in the molten state. The thermo-rheological complexity was obvious owing to large flow activation energy values in the low modulus region, i.e., the rheological time-temperature superposition principle was not applicable. The primary normal stress difference under steady shear was greatly increased in the wide shear rate range, leading to a large swell ratio at the capillary extrusion. Furthermore, strain hardening in the transient elongational viscosity, which is responsible for favorable processability, was clear. Because this is a simple modification method, it will be widely employed to modify the rheological properties of various polyamide resins.

Blunted anticipatory stress responses on competition day in team sports athletes compared to individual sports athletes

Knowledge of anticipatory stress responses before sports competitions is limited, thus this study examined the relationship between anticipatory stress in terms of salivary cortisol secretion in athletes on the morning of a competition and a comparison baseline day. Thirty-seven athletes collected three saliva samples over a 45-min period post-awakening (0, 30 and 45 min). Anticipatory stress was expressed as Area Under the Curve compared to ground (AUCg; total cortisol secretion). There was no significant difference in AUCg between baseline and competition days. However, a mixed two-factor ANOVA with day and sport type (individual vs. team) revealed a significant main effect of sport type (p < 0.01) and a significant interaction (p = 0.001). Individual athletes demonstrated increased AUCg on competition day compared to baseline, while team athletes demonstrated decreased AUCg on competition day compared to baseline. This blunting response was also observed when analysing the raw cortisol secretion levels upon awakening. These findings suggest there may be substantive differences in anticipatory stress between individual and team sport athletes.

Abstract We013: Modeling Sex and Stress using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes

Despite causing 1 in 3 deaths worldwide, cardiovascular disease and the heart have only recently been studied in women. Contrary to previous belief, the female heart is not just a smaller replica of a male heart. Almost all heart diseases show sexual differences in risk, treatment, and symptoms. Even with these differences there is a lack of female models in animal and cellular studies. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a powerful human model to test baseline and stressed sex differences at the cellular level. We hypothesized that using stressors that mimic disease conditions (drugs, substrate stiffness) in multiple male and female hiPSC-CMs will result in differential sex-based responses. We ran Traction Force Microscopy on 3 male (n = 424 cells, 3 batches) and 3 female (n = 318 cells, 3 batches) cell lines on 10 kPa polyacrylamide hydrogels. Male cells had 42% higher twitch force (p = 8.8E-6) with 25% higher contraction (p = 1.77E-5) and relaxation (p = 0.0006) velocities. However, female cells had a larger spread area (823 +/- 17.32 µm 2 vs. 756 +/- 21.64 µm 2 , p = 0.0018). To validate hiPSC-CMs as a model we compared preliminary RNA-seq to publicly available Heart Cell Atlas sc/snRNA-seq data sets of primary ventricular cardiomyocytes. They had similar differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as our hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, DEGs had significantly enriched gene sets including a 25-fold enrichment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FDR = 1.6E-7), 23-fold in dilated cardiomyopathy (FDR = 1.6E-7), and 16-fold in cardiac muscle contraction (FDR = 6.3E-4). We analyzed stiffness by differentiating and culturing hiPSC-CMs on 10 kPa and 100 kPa stiffness hydrogels. Our RNA-seq analysis at day 10 and 30 after differentiation found 7000 DEGs at 10 kPa while only 556 DEGs at 100 kPa. We looked hypercontractility caused stres and performed RNA-seq on day 60 wild type and hypercontractile mutant hiPSC-CMs. The wild type was dosed with positive inotrope levosimendan to induce hypercontractility while the hypercontractile mutant was dosed with negative inotrope verapamil to lower contractility. Hypercontractility had significant upregulation of the cellular response to stress including ER stress, stress-activated MAPK cascades, stress fibers, and cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress. These differences can identify possible gene targets for preventing cardiovascular disease and inform personalized medicine.