Comorbidity of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Orthognathic Surgery Patients

Abstract

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health disorder in which a person believes that their actual physical features appear worse than they truly are. The aim of this study is to examine the presence of BDD and its comorbidity with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with planned orthognathic surgery for dentofacial deformities. Methods: In this study conducted on patients scheduled for orthognathic surgery, the presence of BDD, OCD, depression, anxiety, and stress was determined by administering the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) prior to the surgery. An independent samples t-test evaluated differences between group means, Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated the linear relationship between two variables, and the chi-square test assessed the relationship between two categorical variables. A p-value below 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. A total of 108 patients were included in the study, with 54 patients Class 2 and 54 patients Class 3. Results: BIDQ, FOCI, depression, anxiety, and stress, males showed statistically significant higher results compared to females (p <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in BIDQ, FOCI, depression, and stress between Class 2 and Class 3 patients (p>0.05). Of the 108 patients included in the study, a total of 20.4% (n=22) were found to be BDD positive. Among the female patients, 10% (n=6) were BDD positive, while among the male patients, 33.3% (n=16) were BDD positive. When evaluated in terms of skeletal classification, 14.8% (n=8) of Class 2 patients were BDD positive, while 25.9% (n=14) of Class 3 patients were BDD positive. Conclusions: Surgeons performing orthognathic surgery should be familiar with common and often severe body image disturbances. When evaluating patients seeking orthognathic surgery, their psychological conditions should be carefully considered.