Stress Problems Research Articles

Insight into three water additives: Revealing the protective effects on survival and stress response under cold stress for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

The reproduction, development and growth of shrimp were hindered by cold stress, and even death was caused in severe cases. Moreover, huge economic losses to the shrimp aquaculture industry were caused every year by cold currents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of water additives on the cold stress resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their ability to improve the survival and stress response of the shrimp. Three potential cold-resistant additives adenosine triphosphate (A), soybean phospholipid (SP) and Clostridium butyricum (CB) on Pacific white shrimp under cold stress were added to the water with three concentrations for each additive. The mortality, activities of antioxidation enzymes and expression of anti-stress related genes in each group under cold stress were detected. The results showed that the cumulative mortality of low concentration for adenosine triphosphate (AL) and soybean phospholipid (SPL), medium concentration for soybean phospholipid (SPM) and high concentration for Clostridium butyricum (CBH) groups were significantly lower than that of the control (C) group when temperature maintained at 13°C for 6 days. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content in shrimp plasma was significantly higher, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower than that in the C group. Gene expression analysis showed that 0.4mg/L of adenosine triphosphate could regulate the immune defense ability and decrease apoptosis level of Pacific white shrimp under cold stress. Soybean phospholipid (2mg/L) could enhance the immune ability of hepatopancreas, and Clostridium butyricum (10mg/L) could significantly increase the expression of stress-related genes in shrimp intestine. Overall, these findings suggested that adenosine triphosphate and soybean phospholipid have the potential to be used as cold-resistant additives in Pacific white shrimp culture. This study provided valuable insights into addressing the problem of cold stress in shrimp culture.

Solving plane stress problems using EsfPlano2D educational software

An educational computational application for analyzing plane stress problems oriented to engineering students called EsfPlano2D is presented to motivate students to study the subject and strengthen didactic strategies in the classroom. The application assists the step-by-step calculation of plane stress problems, which is a fundamental topic in teaching the subject of Mechanics of Materials in engineering careers. The application is a computer program developed in Fortran, linked to the free Computer Algebra System MAXIMA to plot Mohr’s circle of stresses. The developed tool is user-friendly and completely solves the plane stress problem, the associated deformations, and the strain energy by drawing Mohr’s circle of plane stresses. A validation case is presented with a typical example of the mechanics of materials. The results show the feasibility of using custom-designed tools to strengthen classroom learning and autonomous work.

Perceived work-ability and its associated factors among nurses working in the Northwest of Amhara regional state Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022

BackgroundNurses with reduced work ability had a high risk of disability pension, sickness absences, retirement intention, and leave their job and profession early. Nurses frequently suffer from job related stress, occupational fatigue and sleep problems, which can further compromise their work ability.Aims of the studyThe aim of this study was to assess perceived work ability and its associated factors among nurses working in the Northwest of Amhara regional state Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA multicenter, an institutional based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 nurses working in five selected Referral hospitals, found in the Northwest of Amhara regional state, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. The data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and entered using Epi info version 7.2.5 software, analyzed using SPSS version 25. Summary statistics (median or IQR for continuous data and frequency and percentage for categorical variables) were used. The ordinal logistic regression was used to assess’ the presence of association between dependent and independent variables.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed that 59.0% of nurses had poor level of work ability, whereas 34.4% and 6.6% of nurses had sub-optimal and optimal level of work ability respectively. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression revealed that being male [AOR = 2.43; 95% CI (1.52, 3.91)], being BSC nurse [AOR = 0.21; 95% CI (0.08, 0.51)], nurses who had poor sleep quality [AOR = 0.34; 95% CI (0.12, 0.98)] and nurses who had chronic disease [AOR = 0.18; 95% CI (0.08, 0.41)] were significantly associated with nurses’ level of work ability, p-value < 0.05.ConclusionsIn this study, the prevalence of poor level of work ability among nurses was high. Nurses with a female sex, nurses who had chronic disease, BSC holders and nurses who had poor sleep quality had a poor level of work ability. The federal Minister of health and the study hospitals collaborative with concerned stakeholders to design strategies to enhance work ability among nurses.

Interaction among interfacial offset cracks in composite materials under the anti‐plane shear loading

AbstractThe present article considers an anti‐plane stress problem of three cracks at different orthotropic materials' interfaces. According to the geometry of the problem, the governing equations and mixed boundary conditions have been formulated. Fourier integral transformation is used to convert the mixed boundary value problem into dual integral equations, which gives two equations containing infinite series. The investigation of the problem concerning anti‐plane cracks subjected to static loadings is done with the help of the Schmidt method to satisfy the given boundary conditions. The difference in displacements is expanded to proceed further in the problem, which becomes zero outside the cracks. Numerical computations are carried out for the graphical representation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) at all cracks' tips. The Interaction among the cracks as those are in close proximity to each other or move away are represented pictorially. Detailed numerical results and discussion are done for the considered materials, which include aluminium, epoxy and graphite epoxy. The novelty of the present article is the numerical analysis and pictorial presentation of SIFs at the tips of interfacial offset parallel cracks for various crack lengths and normalised heights for different combinations of materials. The authors have obtained variations in SIFs for the cracks at the interfaces of dissimilar composite materials.

The Thermal Stress Problem of Bimodular Curved Beams under the Action of End-Side Concentrated Shear Force.

A bimodular material is a kind of material that presents two elastic moduli in tension and compression. In classical thermoelasticity, however, the bimodular material is rarely considered due to its complexity in analysis. In fact, almost all materials will present, more or less, bimodular characteristics, and in some cases, the mechanical properties of materials cannot be fully utilized simply by ignoring the bimodular characteristics. In this study, the thermal stress problem of bimodular curved beams under the action of end-side concentrated shear force is analytically and numerically investigated, in which the temperature rise modes in a thermal environment are considered arbitrary. Using the stress function method based on compatibility conditions, a two-dimensional solution of thermoelasticity of the bimodular curved beam subjected to end-side concentrated shear force was obtained. The results show that the solution for a bimodular curved beam with a thermal effect can be reduced to that of a bimodular curved beam without a thermal effect. At the same time, the numerical simulation for the problem verifies the correctness of the theoretical solution. The results may serve as a theoretical reference for the refined analysis and optimization of curved beams in a thermal environment.

Stressor Appraisals and Moderating Role of Forgiveness, Social Support, and Resilience as Adaptive Coping in Stress and Depression Among Older Sexual Minorities

Abstract Introduction Compared to straight people, older sexual minorities are at a higher risk of experiencing depression because they encounter additional stressors related to sexual minority status. Nonetheless, the stressor appraisal process and the coping mechanism employed by sexual minority older adults remain understudied. Additionally, research on forgiveness in sexual minorities is scant, especially among older populations. This study examines the extent to which negative social interactions and shame about sexual minority identity explain perceived stress that underlines depression and the relative importance of forgiveness, social support, and resilience in forming adaptive coping, which moderates between stress and depression among sexual minority older adults. Methods We used hierarchical component models in structural equation modeling to analyze data—collected in 2017—from a sample of 50 lesbian women and 50 gay men older than 50 years. Results Negative social interactions and shame due to heterosexism significantly predict perceived stress, which in turn significantly predicts depressive symptoms. Also, forgiveness is more powerful at forming adaptive coping than social support, while resilience is the most powerful. Moreover, adaptive coping significantly moderates between stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Forgiveness and resilience are more important than social support in buffering between stress and mental health problems among older lesbian women and gay men. Policy Implications Access to forgiveness interventions should be readily available within mental health settings to promote the mental wellbeing and adaptive coping of clients who experienced interpersonal transgressions or negative self-thoughts.

Effectiveness of the Policy Interventions in Eradicating FGC Practices in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women and girls. Despite global efforts to restrict the practice, there have been few reports on major positive changes to the problem. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy interventions in eradicating FGC practices in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya. The study was guided by the theory of Reasoned Action. This study used a quasi-experiment design. The researcher used cluster sampling to identify 200 households and purposive sampling procedures, to identify 13 key informants for the study. The study used questionnaires, key informant interview and focus group discussion to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. In this context, quantitative data was analyzed quantitatively. Qualitative data (words/propositions) was analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that stress, stigma, isolation, and marital problems were main psychological effects. Findings from this study concludes that in spite of various interventions, FGC is still an ongoing practice within the Gusii community with women and health professionals being the main perpetrators. The study recommends an adoption of alternative rites of passage to eliminate the practice. This can be possible through the re-socialisation of community members to change their negative tradition for the psychosocial wellbeing of the girl child

Enhanced Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Activities of Soymilk by Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06.

This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities of soymilk fermented with probiotic Lactobacillaceae strains and to investigate the production of related bioactive compounds. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06 (KML06) was selected for the fermentation of soymilk because it has the highest antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and β-glucosidase activities among the 10 Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from kimchi. The genomic information of strain KML06 was analyzed. Moreover, soymilk fermented with KML06 was evaluated for growth kinetics, metabolism, and functional characteristics during the fermentation period. The number of viable cells, which was similar to the results of radical scavenging activities and cholesterol assimilation, as well as the amount of soy isoflavone aglycones, daidzein, and genistein, was the highest at 12 h of fermentation. These results indicate that soymilk fermented with KML06 can prevent oxidative stress and cholesterol-related problems through the production of soy isoflavone aglycones.

High-strength joining of silica glass and 2024 aluminum alloy by ultrasonic-assisted soldering with Sn-Bi low temperature solder

To alleviate the problem of residual stress in silica glass/2024Al soldered joints, ultrasonic-assisted soldering of silicon glass and 2024Al was carried out using SnBi low-temperature solders. The impact of the soldering temperature and Bi content of the solder on the soldered joints were studied. Powder-reinforced solders were utilized to further improve the joint shearing strength, and the stirring time of the composite solder was also researched. The results showed that the joint strength stabilized after the soldering temperature reached 260 °C. For solders with different Bi content, the highest joint strength (27.3 MPa) was achieved with Sn28Bi solder. The composite solder could further increase the joint strength to 32.1 MPa. In addition, 10 min of ultrasonic vibration and mechanical stirring were recommended to obtain a high-quality composite solder.

An enhanced adaptive coupling strategy of peridynamics and finite element method via variable horizon approach for simulating quasi-static fracture problems

An enhanced adaptive coupling method of peridynamic (PD) theory and the finite element method (FEM) is performed that combines the advantages of both approaches and can be used to simulate quasi-static fracture problems. In the proposed model, PD is used to simulate crack initiation and propagation, whereas the FEM is used to simulate domains without damage to improve efficiency. The influence of ghost forces is reduced by introducing a transition subregion with a variable horizon, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of the model, which is verified by application to a plane stress problem. The conventional coupling model requires pre-partitioning of the solution domain, which is difficult to achieve when modeling certain problems, such as the initiation of cracks at unknown locations. Hence, the adaptive conversion criterion is introduced to ensure that subregions automatically evolve as cracks grow, thereby obviating the need for prior knowledge of crack propagation paths. The proposed model is applied to three standard laboratory tests of quasi-static fracture and its performance is validated by the good agreement of its results with reference solutions or experimental observations. The model accurately simulates complex fracture problems involving crack initiation, irregular crack propagation, and crack coalescence.

The mediating effects of parenting style on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems in girls with precocious puberty in Korea: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the mediating effects of parenting style on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems of girls with precocious puberty.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed a convenience sample of 200 mothers of girls with precocious puberty at a university hospital located in a metropolitan area. The Parental Stress measurement, Parents as Social Context Questionnaire, and Korean version Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) 6–18 were measured via self-report questionnaires. Descriptive, t-test, Pearson correlation, and bootstrapping analyses were used to analyze the data.ResultsNegative parenting styles had a full mediating effect on the relationship between parental stress and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.ConclusionsCare plans for parents of girls with precocious puberty should be designed and applied in health care settings to reduce internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems by decreasing negative parenting styles.

Проблема профессионального стресса и эмоционального выгорания медицинского персонала в детской онкологии и гематологии

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The purpose of this article is to highlight the state of the problem of professional stress and burnout of medical and social professionals working in pediatric oncology/hematology. The authors review the problems and results of researches (reflected in modern international literature), taking into account the specifics of this field of medicine, which significantly determine the prevalence and high level of emotional burnout among specialists. The problems and difficulties of investigating this topic are analyzed. The selected groups of factors leading to burnout are described. A special attention is given to demographic, individual psychological, cultural and organizational factors. Special phenomena are described related to the content of the work of different specialists in pediatric oncology/hematology (moral distress, re-traumatization, compassion fatigue and satisfaction, mourning) and the difference in the level of burnout. The article also analyzes the results of applying various programs and areas of psychosocial assistance for specialists in this difficult field of medicine, including organizational measures, training and development of special skills, group psychological support. Many of them are proved to be highly effective in this difficult area of medicine both for preventing burnout and reducing the already existing level of professional stress.&lt;/p&gt;

Peran kelekatan dengan orangtua dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis siswa SMA

Psychological well-being is a condition when the individual is not under stress or other mental health problems. The existence of psychological well-being can improve the adolescents mental health and help the adolescents function optimally. Proper consideration is needed for the psychological well-being of adolescents to be enhanced. The factors to consider include parent attachment and emotional intelligence. This study is a quantitative study to determine the role of parent attachment and emotional intelligence for the psychological well-being of high-school student. A total of 165 students of class X, XI, and XII at one of the state high schools in Denpasar were the respondents in this study using stratified random sampling. Psychological Well-Being Scale with a reliability of 0,915, the Parent Attachment Scale with a reliability of 0,935, and a Scale of Emotional Intelligence with a reliability of 0,845 as the measurement tools that used. The multiple regression test revealed F=41,808, p&lt;0,05, indicating that parent attachment and emotional intelligence characteristics both contribute to psychological well-being. Parent Attachment and emotional intelligence jointly contribute 33,2% to psychological well-being. Based on these, students are strongly advised to maintain relationships with parents and to increase their emotional intelligence, to help increase their psychological well-being possessed.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KALIUM TERHADAP FISIOLOGIS DAN MORFOLOGIS KEDELAI PADA CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Domestic soybean production is weakened by the problem of drought stress that affects all aspects of plant growth and metabolism, while an alternative that can be used is the use of potassium. Potassium is believed to have an important role in increasing plant tolerance to drought. This study aims to examine the effect of potassium application on the physiological and morphological of drought-stressed soybean. The research was conducted in a plastic house in Aras Kabu Village, Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra using a group randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was soil moisture condition consisting of 80% KL (field capacity) and 40% KL. The second factor was potassium fertilizer application of 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha, and no potassium fertilizer. The observed variables were total sugar and leaf area. The results showed that the use of potassium can increase the value of total sugar and leaf area of drought-stressed soybean. Application of K dose of 100 kg/ha (0.5 g/polybag) is the most appropriate to encourage physiological and morphological drought stressed soybean plants.

Stressors, Resources, and Strain Associated with Digitization Processes of Medical Staff Working in Neurosurgical and Vascular Surgical Hospital Wards: A Multimethod Study.

The digitization of German hospitals is proceeding continuously, leading to the implementation of new digital technologies, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or other technologies, used for the purpose of medical documentation tasks. Even though the replacement of paper documentation through digitized documentation in general promises to come along with plenty of benefits, the daily utilization of technologies might also lead to stresses and strains among the medical staff, eventually possibly leading to the development of different negative work and health-related outcomes. This study, therefore, aims at identifying persisting digitization-associated stressors and resources among medical hospital staff, examining their influences on different work and health-related outcomes, and finally, identifying potential needs for preventive measures. A quantitative study in the form of an online questionnaire survey was conducted among physicians working in the medical field of neuro- and vascular surgery in German hospitals. The study was carried out between June and October 2022 utilizing an online questionnaire based on several standardized scales, such as the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technostress model, as well as on several scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). The study found medium levels of technostress among the participating physicians (n = 114), as well as low to medium levels of persisting resources. The queried physicians, on average, reported low levels of burnout symptoms, generally described their health status as good, and were mostly satisfied with their job. Despite the prevalence of technostress and the low levels of resources among the surveyed physicians, there is little awareness of the problem of digital stress, and preventive measures have not been widely implemented yet in the clinics, indicating a needs gap and the necessity for the strategic and quality-guided implementation of measures to effectively prevent digital stress from developing.

Research of Vertical via Based on Silicon, Ceramic and Glass.

With the increasing demand for high-density integration, low power consumption and high bandwidth, creating more sophisticated interconnection technologies is becoming increasingly crucial. Three-dimensional (3D) integration technology is known as the fourth-generation packaging technology beyond Moore's Law because of its advantages of low energy consumption, lightweight and high performance. Through-silicon via (TSV) is considered to be at the core of 3D integration because of its excellent electrical performance, lower power consumption, wider bandwidth, higher density, smaller overall size and lighter weight. Therefore, the particular emphasis of this review is the process flow of TSV technology. Among them, the research status of TSV hole etching, deep hole electroplating filling and chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) in TSV preparation process are introduced in detail. There are a multitude of inevitable defects in the process of TSV processing; thus, the stress problems and electrical characteristics that affect the reliability of TSV are summarized in this review. In addition, the process flow and process optimization status of through ceramic via (TCV) and through glass via (TGV) are discussed.

Exact solutions for plane stress problems of piezoelectric semiconductors: Tuning free-carrier motions by various mechanical loadings

Certain crystalline solids can be used for semiconducting devices, while mechanical forces have a great impact on their electrical behaviors. Especially, piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) are one of the deformation-sensitive crystals. Mechanical forces can be utilized to tune the electronic transports in PSs. To illustrate these effects quantitatively, this paper provides exact solutions for free-carrier motions in different deformation modes of PSs. Two-dimensional (2D) governing equations for a rectangular domain are first presented based on the three-dimensional (3D) phenomenological theory. Then, exact solutions for plane stress problems with the c-axis along two perpendicular directions are formulated. By applying the analytical solutions, we study the distributions of free carriers when mechanical forces are applied. Four main deformation modes are investigated including extension, bending, thickness-shear, and thickness-stretch. Numerical results reveal that the poling direction of PSs can effectively change the coupling mechanism between the electric and mechanical fields. The electrons redistribute themselves to shield the piezoelectric polarization, resulting in a reduction of the electric potential. These findings shed light on the impact of mechanical loadings on charge redistribution and can serve as benchmarks for designing piezotronic devices.

The Effect of Social Support on Stress Levels of Health Workers During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various changes in the social dynamics of life. Almost all age groups in various countries are forced to adopt new habits that have the potential to interfere with mental health. Providing social support can be useful for reducing the stress level of health workers. Proper social support can overcome stress problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of social support on the stress level of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: This is a literature review using population, intervention, comparison, results, research design, and keywords used according to the research topic. Keyword use Mesh term strategy with the term "social support" stress" "worker" "pandemic" and "COVID". Database sources are ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SAGE. Searching strategy uses Prisma guidelines. The total article was 2,226 and the eligible article was 24 articles. The collected data were analyzed through a thematic review. The data analysis technique in this study was descriptive analysis.Results: The results of the study show that most health workers experience moderate levels of stress during the pandemic. The most influential sources of social support come from colleagues and partners. The form of social support that is often received and influences stress levels is emotional support. There is an effective effect of social support on the stress level of health workers during the pandemic. Therefore, it can be concluded that adaptation during COVID-19 has caused various changes in conditions and pressure for health workers

Coparenting support in the context of difficult children: Mother and father differences.

While parenting children with difficult behaviors can intensify stress within the entire family system, families may lean on other familial relationships to mitigate that stress. The coparenting relationship is known to play a key role within the family system for child outcomes and familial interactions, but it is not clear whether it eases the stress and challenge of raising a difficult child, nor how that plays out differently for mothers versus fathers. Ninety-six couples (89.7% married) parenting young children (Mean age = 3.22 years) were included in this study. Using cross-sectional and aggregated daily response data, actor-partner interdependence models were used to examine how mothers' and fathers' perceived coparenting support lessened or intensified parenting stress and/or daily problems with their child/children-for themselves or their parenting partner. We found that greater coparenting support reported by mothers coincided with stronger links between the mother's report of child difficulty and daily problems encountered by both mothers and fathers. In contrast, when fathers reported greater coparenting support, the intensity between reported child difficulty and daily problems decreased for mothers, and fathers reported lower parenting stress. Coparenting support also moderated associations between parents' perception of child difficulty and daily problems with their children. These results suggest that mothers incur heightened coparenting support from fathers when experiencing more difficult child behavior and that coparenting support experienced by fathers may alleviate parenting challenges for mothers. These findings further contribute to the literature by emphasizing distinct differences between mothers and fathers in coparenting associations within the family system.

The Place of Women in the Implementation of FGC Interventions on the Psychosocial Wellbeing of the Girl Child in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya

In Kenya, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGC) is a cultural practice that is widely practiced. Despite interventional efforts to end FGC, progress has been limited both in preventing it and caring for girls and women who have already undergone the cut. The practice has persisted, albeit with some changes. This study sought to examine the place of women in the implementation of FGC interventions on the psychosocial wellbeing of the girl child in Marani Sub-County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the step change theory. The study used interviews and questionnaires to collect qualitative and quantitative data. In this context, quantitative data was collected using questionnaires, analyzed quantitatively. Qualitative data (words/propositions) was collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that stress, stigma, isolation, and marital problems were main psychological effects. Findings from this study conclude that FGC is an ongoing practice within the Gusii community with women and health professionals being the main perpetrators though its practice has reduced drastically compared to previous years. The study recommends an adoption of alternative rites of passage to eliminate the practice. This can be possible through re-socialisation of community members on the need to change this negative tradition for the psychosocial wellbeing of the girl child.