Stress Coping Methods Research Articles

일부지역 치위생과 학생들의 자기효능감 및 스트레스 대처방식

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective coping management of stress towards self-efficacy in students of dental hygiene department. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by the students of dental hygiene department in Daegu from April to May, 2013. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were analyzed using SAS (version 9.2) for statistics. Results : The overall stress coping score was 2.54. Problem-focused coping was 2.50, and social support-seeking coping was 2.60 in active coping. Emotional coping was 2.29, and hopeful thinking coping was 2.76 in passive coping. The level of self-efficacy according to general characteristics varied significantly depending on grade, satisfaction with major, subjective health status and smoking status. The stress coping methods according to general characteristics varied significantly depending on academic achievement and satisfaction with major. The results showed that the level of self-efficacy was associated with stress-coping methods. Conclusions : Self-efficacy of students of dental hygiene department was associated with stress coping methods. It is necessary to develop the programs for stress coping to increase self-efficacy.

Learning deficits and suppression of the cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of offspring are attenuated by maternal chewing during prenatal stress

Prenatal stress in dams induces learning deficits and suppresses neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of offspring via increasing corticosterone levels in the dam. Chewing under stressful conditions prevents stress-induced behavioral impairments and morphologic changes. Here, we examined whether chewing during prenatal stress prevents the stress-induced learning deficits and the suppression of cell proliferation in the hippocampal DG in adult offspring. Pregnant mice were exposed to restraint stress beginning on day 12 of pregnancy and continuing until delivery. Half of the dams were given a wooden stick to chew on during restraint. The pups were raised to adulthood, and learning ability and cell proliferation in the hippocampal DG were assessed. In dams, chewing during prenatal stress attenuated the stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels. In the adult offspring, prenatal stress impaired learning and decreased cell proliferation in the DG, whereas maternal chewing during prenatal stress significantly attenuated the prenatal stress-induced learning deficits and decreased cell proliferation in the DG in their offspring. These findings suggest that maternal chewing during prenatal stress is an effective stress-coping method for the dam to prevent learning deficits and suppression of cell proliferation in offspring.

HEALTH ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS OF FIRST-YEAR UNIVERSITY OF WARMIA & MAZURY STUDENTS: A CALL FOR IMPLEMENTING HEALTH EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES

Despite the growing interest in health and the abundance of health-promoting programs and campaigns, there is a noticeable lack of such undertakings at colleges and universities. This is worrisome, considering the fact that the first-year of studies is the last phase of education in which it is possible to promote and establish a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the health attitudes and behaviours of first-year university students. A total of 700 first-year male students aged 19-20 attending the University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) took part in the study by filling out anonymous questionnaires concerning health behaviours and attitudes regarding physical activity, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, stress and pro-health activities. The results indicate that physical activity of the respondents was limited to participation in the obligatory physical education classes during high school and while at university. Moreover, the students were concerned more about personal hygiene and appearance than physical fitness and proper nutrition. The majority of them did not have a regular schedule of meals and did not take vitamin supplements. The percentage of respondents who declared drinking alcohol regularly (once a week) and even every day is quite worrisome. One out of ten students reported losing consciousness multiple times as a result of binge drinking and over a third blacked out at least once during the first few months of their studies. Although only a small margin of the students surveyed can be considered to be addicted to smoking, nearly half of them admitted to smoking occasionally. Although a significant portion of students expressed a fear in stress generating situations during their studies, the majority possessed a very limited knowledge of stress coping methods. The research results indicate a clear need to implement adequate health promoting programs at the university level of education to help counteract the observed negative tendencies. Key words: university male students, health attitudes and habits, physical activity, nutrition, tobacco/alcohol use, stress, pro-health activities.

Evidence-based stress management: focusing on nonpharmacological procedure which reduce stress and promote health

In modern society, stress is one of the most significant problems affecting physical as well as mental health. Stress, which is defined as a situation in which the homeostasis of the physiological system of one's mind and body is threatened, is composed of two concepts: stressors and stress reactions. A stressor is the stimulus that is perceived as a threat and arouses a stress reaction, such as a disaster or serious life event. Stress reactions are physical and mental symptoms, for example, chest tightness, dizziness, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, headache, and agitation, which are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and stress hormones such as cortisol. These reactions, along with stress-related unhealthy behaviors, result in serious chronic diseases, including cancers and cardiovascular disease. Stress coping methods are classified into two components: cognitive behavioral interventions for stressors and mind-body interventions to reduce the stress response. Various interventions have been identified: progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, relaxation response, biofeedback, the emotional freedom technique, guided imagery, diaphragmatic breathing, transcendental meditation, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Meditation and progressive muscular relaxation are wellknown and widely used procedures to reduce the stress response and to improve quality of life. Further studies to establish an evidence-based standardized program that can be easily applied at the individual level are needed.

Job burnout syndrome and stress coping strategies of academic students

Introduction. People focused on helping others in their daily professional career are especially exposed to stress. The inability to relieve stress is a common cause of the burnout syndrome. It turns out that also college students, who are prepared to work with people, are exposed to the job burnout syndrome, even during their education process. The possible cause might be unfamiliarity with effective stress coping methods or inability to use them properly. Aim. The aim of this paper is to study job burnout syndrome and stress coping strategies among students of selected academic majors, and also to analyze relations and differences between these results. Material and methods. The research has been conducted among 141 fifth or sixth-year students of nursing, medicine and pedagogy in Krakow. The study was based on surveys: a questionnaire made by the author, The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Results. The analysis of obtained results has showed that there is a significant difference between stress coping strategies among examined students and that there is a relation between job burnout syndrome and students’ academic majors. There is also a relation between job burnout and stress coping strategies among students of selected academic majors. However, there is no relationship between job burnout and students’ selected academic majors. Conclusions. There is also a relationship between students’ stress coping strategies and selected academic majors and burnout syndrome.

치과위생사의 자기효능감이 스트레스 대처방식에 미치는 영향

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the self-efficacy of dental hygienists on their stress-coping method. Methods : The subjects in this study were the dental hygienists in dental institutions that were selected by convenience sampling from Jeonju, Iksan, Gimjei and Gunsan in North Jeolla Province. A survey was conducted by using structured questionnaires. Results : A regression analysis was carried out to see whether self-efficacy would affect stress-coping method, and it's found that those whose overall self-efficacy was better made more use of an overall stress-coping method(p>0.001). General and social self-efficacy exerted a significant influence on a problem-oriented stress-coping method(p>0.001, p>0.01), and general and social self-efficacy had an impact on a stress-coping method of social support pursuit(p>0.01, p>0.01). In addition, general and social self-efficacy exercised an influence on a stress-coping method of wishful thinking(p>0.01, p>0.05). Conclusions : The self-efficacy of the dental hygienists affected their own stress-coping method, and the finding of the study suggests that a lot of efforts should be made from diverse angles to boost the self-efficacy of dental hygienists.

대학생의 자기계발프로그램이 대학생활 적응 및 스트레스 대처방식에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study is to plan out a university students' self-development program and to verify the effect of the students in adapting themselves to college life and coping with stress from it. The program was developed as the liberal arts course for a semester and comprised 12 sessions. Each secession of a 150 minutes workshop program. The pre-test, post test regarding students adaptation to college and stress coping methods conducts upon each experimental group and each control group. Each group consisted of 50 subjects. As a result of this research, this study could come to the following conclusions. Firstly, it was found that the university students' self-development program has effect on improving students adaptation to college. Secondly, it was found that the university students' self-development program has effect on improving stress coping methods.

일부 치위생과 학생들의 셀프리더십이 스트레스 대처방식에 미치는 영향

Objectives : This study examined the stress-coping methods used by Dental Hygiene students according to their degree of self-leadership to provide basic data for students' self-leadership training programs. Methods : Dental Hygiene students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were surveyed to measure their self-leadership in six categories-self-expectation, rehearsal, goal-setting, self-compensation, self-criticism, and constructive thinking-sand, in four categories-sproblem-centered coping, social support coping, emotional coping, and wishful thinking coping-son a scale of 1 through 5. Results : The findings of the study were as follows: The overall average score of self-leadership was 3.34 and the scores for each subfactor were 3.82 for self-compensation, 3.57 for self-expectation, 3.44 for rehearsal, 3.42 for goal-setting, 3.30 for self-criticism, and 3.12 for constructive thinking. The overall average score of stress-coping was 3.29 out of 5 and the scores for active coping were 3.14 for problem-centered coping and 3.38 for social support coping and for passive coping were 3.69 for wishful thinking coping and 2.95 for emotional coping. Self-leadership showed significant difference in terms of satisfaction with major and motivation for application. The six sub-factors of self-leadership and problem-centered coping and wishful thinking coping, the sub-factors of stress-coping, had significant correlations. Self-compensation and constructive thinking were significant factors of self-leadership that affect stress-coping. Conclusions : Based on the above findings, it was found that Dental Hygiene students' self-leadership is related to the use of efficient stress-coping. Therefore, it would be necessary to develop and apply educational approaches to improve their self-leadership so they can efficiently cope with various stressors that they will face after finding jobs.

Research on Nurses' Stress for Elderly care and Stress - Coping Strategies

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate stresses from job, patients and guardians experienced by general hospital nurses caring for elderly patients and their stress coping methods. For this study, data were collected from 280 nurses employed at general hospitals with the capacity of more than 400 beds which were located in Seoul. Frequency analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to analyze the data and Scheffe test was used to conduct post-hoc tests.This study found that, of the general hospital nurses' three types of stresses, stress from guardians was the most serious one, followed by stress from patients and stress from job; and that, of the six coping methods utilized by the general hospital nurses, social support was the most-utilized one, followed by problem-focused coping strategy, positive perspective, tension relaxation, indifference and hopeful perspective. Based on these findings, follow-up studies were suggested to develop the hospital nurses' abilities to cope with the ever-changing complex circumstances for the elderly patients.

Effects of a Stress-Management Program on Stress Coping Methods, Interpersonal Relations, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a stress-management program on stress coping methods, interpersonal relations and quality of life in patients with chronic mental illness. Methods: A none- quivalent control group pre-posttest design was used for this quasi-experimental study. The study was conducted from May 1 to December 30, 2010. The 41 participants in this study were selected from patients with chronic mental illness (20 for the experimental group and 21 for the control group). Datas were analyzed x 2 -test, t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. Results: There were significant changes in stress coping methods scores, interpersonal relations scores and quality of life scores in the experimental group before and after treatment, which were significantly different from those in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the stress-management program resulted in significant improvement in stress coping methods, interpersonal relations and quality of life for patients with chronic mental illness. Therefore, this study shows stress-management programs are useful in clinical practice as effective nursing interventions in patients with chronic mental illness.

Stress management and mind-body medicine: focusing on relaxation and meditation

Stress management is important and various stress management methods are required in the area of clinical preventive services. Although defining stress is somewhat complicated, stress can usually be divided into two concepts, stressors and the stress reaction. Stressors are stimuli that arouse the stress reaction. Examples are disasters, life events requiring changes, and everyday hassles. The stress reaction is often called the ‘fight or flight reaction’ and is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and various hormones, including cortisol and catecholamine. Stress is closely related with health behaviors and several chronic diseases. Stress is measured using biological tests or self report, including questionnaires and interviews. Psychosocial Wellbeing Index-Short Form, Brief Ecounter PsychoSocial Instrument-Korean version, Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised are examples of questionnaires that are widely used in Korea. Stress coping methods are categorized into stimuli-oriented methods, cognitive-behavioral methods, and mind-body interventions. Relaxation and meditation are widely used mind-body medical interventions. Relaxation Response and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction are two of the most widely used meditative programs in the Western mainstream medical system. Abdominal breathing, Progressive Muscular Relaxation, relaxing imagery, Autogenic Training, and biofeedback are other well-known techniques for relaxation and stress management. Relaxation and meditation are effective in improving health behaviors and quality of life, and complement the treatment methods of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Relaxation and meditation also seem to be effective methods for use in clinical preventive services. Program development, standardization, and further study are necessary for more widespread use of mind-body interventions in the area of clinical preventive services.

Experiences from a medical students' well-being workshop

Context and setting The tertiary education environment has always been regarded as highly stressful for students. Medical training further adds to an already stressful environment. The stressors of medical training and the associated negative consequences on the mental and physical health of medical students have been described in many studies. Several medical education constituencies have emphasised the importance of teaching stress management and self-care skills to medical students. Although there is a wide literature on stress management in general, its specific application to medical education has been largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we describe a stress management programme known as the ‘Medical Student Well-Being Workshop’ that runs in our medical school. Why the idea was necessary Our school was looking for various ways to implement stress management programmes. The Medical Student Well-Being Workshop offers a unique opportunity to develop students’ skills in such areas. What was done The workshop was run over one half-day. It was open to students from all years of the medical course and was run by academic staff from the Medical Education Department. The objectives of the first session were to enable students to measure their stress levels according to the 12 items on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), to recognise the main stressors they face by using the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) and to identify their main coping styles by completing the Brief COPE questionnaire. Participants were given some input regarding the problems related to stress in the study of medicine, as well as in a medical career, the relationship between stress level, stressors and coping methods, and relaxation therapy using a proper breathing technique. Once they are aware of their personal results on these three fronts, students should be able to identify their own strengths and weaknesses and to develop their own self-improvement strategies to increase their resistance to stressors. Evaluation of results and impact A total of 55 students participated in the workshop. At the end of the workshop, evaluation questionnaires were distributed to participants. Apart from basic biographical data, the questionnaire solicited participants’ ratings of the usefulness of the introductory session, the three questionnaires, the discussion sessions and the facilitators. Participants were also asked to rate the success of the workshop in achieving its objectives and its overall usefulness. In an open-ended section, participants were asked to describe the most important thing they had learned from the workshop, as well as the most important aspect that could be improved. Data were analysed using spss Version 12 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The evaluation showed that the participants rated the overall workshop as highly useful (86%) and as having achieved its objectives (82%). All sessions were rated as highly useful. Among the comments written in the open-ended section regarding the most important thing participants learned from the workshop, 40% wrote comments related to improved self-awareness. The importance of positive coping skills was mentioned by almost 28% of respondents. The fact that stress is related to one’s own perception was mentioned as most important by almost 18% and another 15% appreciated the usefulness of increased knowledge, such as the identification of stressors.

Ten-year Follow-up of Obesity and Obesity-related Metabolic Disorders in Male Rural Japanese Workers

Objectives: Prevention of obesity is a high priority of health management at workplaces. We conducted a follow-up study of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in Japanese male workers. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-eight male workers engaged in the operation of a nuclear power plant in Shimane Prefecture, aged 41 ± 8 years in 2006, were subjected to regular health check-ups in 1996 and 2006. Results: The changes in their body weights and metabolic parameters (blood pressure, AST, ALT, γ-GTP, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid) were compared by BMI class and age group. Twenty-three percent of the subjects fell within the 23.0 to 24.9 BMI range, and 23% were over 25.0 BMI. Body weight increased significantly, by 3.6 ± 5.3 kg in all subjects, but there was no significant difference in weight gain over the 10 years by age or BMI group. Weight gain was positively associated with metabolic parameters, such as the values of systolic blood pressure, ALT, triglycerides and uric acid, and negatively associated with the value of HDL-C. Conclusions: Japanese male workers, regardless of age and BMI at baseline, experienced an increase of body weight and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Therefore, health professionals in the workplace should consider educating workers about stress-coping methods to reduce job stress, promote a health-supportive environment, such as healthy menus in employee cafeterias and fitness clubs, and be cognizant of high-risk factors in the individual employee.

A survey of role stress, coping and health in Australian and New Zealand hospital nurses

Background Previous research has identified international and cultural differences in nurses’ workplace stress and coping responses. We hypothesised an association between problem-focused coping and improved health, emotion-focused coping with reduced health, and more frequent workplace stress with reduced health. Objectives Test the above hypotheses with Australian and New Zealand nurses, and compare Australian and New Zealand nurses’ experience of workplace stress, coping and health status. Participants and settings Three hundred and twenty-eight New South Wales (NSW) and 190 New Zealand (NZ) volunteer acute care hospital nurses (response rate 41%) from randomly sampled nurses. Design and method Postal survey consisting of a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Stress Scale, the WAYS of Coping Questionnaire and the SF-36 Health Survey Version 2. Results Consistent with hypotheses, more frequent workplace stress predicted lower physical and mental health. Problem-focused coping was associated with better mental health. Emotion-focused coping was associated with reduced mental health. Contrary to hypotheses, coping styles did not predict physical health. NSW and NZ scored effectively the same on sources of workplace stress, stress coping methods, and physical and mental health when controlling for relevant variables. Conclusions Results suggest mental health benefits for nurses who use problem-solving to cope with stress by addressing the external source of the stress, rather than emotion-focused coping in which nurses try to control or manage their internal response to stress. Cultural similarities and similar hospital environments could account for equivalent findings for NSW and NZ.

A study on stress factors and coping methods among nurses in Ardebil hospitals

A study on stress factors and coping methods among nurses in Ardebil hospitals

Effectiveness of Cognitive Bibliotherapy in Depressed Adults

Purpose: This study was to investigated the effectiveness of the cognitive bibliotherapy on depressed adults.Bibliotherapy has long been accepted as a credible therapy for depression. Despite high use and numerous evaluative studies, its efficacy remains to be clarified, while proposed mechanisms of action may not be consistent with cognitive theories of depression. Methods: The design of this study was a one group pretest-posttest design.The effectiveness of bibliotherapy was examined with a group of 21 depressed adults who were recruited from the community(Busan, Namgu). Bibliotherapy for depression included reading, writing, dicussion and various psychosocial interventions such as counselling and emotional support.The Depression Inventory and questions relating to participants' perceptions of the program were administered.Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the scores between the pre-and post-tests. Subjects who participated in the bibliotherapy program had a significant decrease in their depression level. After treatment, the scores of depression were lower than before(t=3.54, p=0.04). Therefore, it can be suggested that this program had a positive effect on the level of depression.Conclusion: This study indicated that bibliotherapy was effective in decreasing the level of depression. These findings support previous research. However, replication studies using other research designs and subjects are needed for further evaluation. In addition, studies related to continued use of the therapies are needed to determine which interventions have lasting effects on depression. Studies determining the circumstances in which bibliotherapy may be an effective intervention in the treatment of depression are needed. The findings from this study showed that bibliotherapy can be an effective intervention for decreasing depression in adults. It can be used to promote mental health and improve stress coping methods.

Caring for family members with chronic physical illness: A critical review of caregiver literature

This article reviews 19 studies (1987–2004) on quality of life for family caregivers helping those with chronic physical illness. Here we explore the concepts of and instruments used to measure caregivers' quality of life. We were particularly interested in understanding stress-related variables and documenting factors influencing quality of life based on family stress theory. Findings show that various positive and negative terms equated with quality of life were used to measure them. Results indicate that stress-related variables as possible predictors influencing caregivers' quality of life include: patient and caregiver characteristics, stressors, stress appraisal, stress coping methods, and social support. Our recommendations touch upon applying theory for intervention, developing measurement, making operable the concepts for measuring, and the need for longitudinal and comprehensive study.

Symptoms, depression, and coping behaviors of university students

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among subjective symptoms, depression, and stress coping behavior of university students. The survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 298 university students. The questionnaire consisted of each scale for symptoms, depression, and stress coping behaviors. Data analysis procedure included the factor analysis for stress coping behaviors, and the correlation analysis describing a relationship among symptoms, depression, and stress coping behaviors. There were significant correlations between depression and the three types of symptoms : general, psychological, and somatic symptom. Subjects using the negative-emotional-response coping and the self-control coping showed a more severe depression, and those using the problem-solving reappraisal coping and the positive-emotional-response coping showed a milder depression. Subjects using the negative-emotional-response coping complained of all 3 types of symptoms severely, and those using the positive-emotional-response coping complained of general symptoms mildly. Of five stress coping methods, the negative-emotional-response and the positive-emotional-response coping methods were related to both symptoms and depression significantly. This study suggests that the emotional-oriented coping method has more important role for university student's depression and their subjective symptoms than the problem-oriented coping or social supports seeking coping. Further study needs to be conducted to help students effective coping mechanism for good mental health. Also it is necessary for university students to recognize that their symptoms are associated with depression.

Rural Area People's Mental Health Relating Factor

This study was purposed to identify rural area people's the level of mental health and the factor relating mental health. The research object is 272 person in Kangwon province working for the agriculture. This survey used questionnaire about general characteristics, attitude of life, emotional support, stress coping method, level of mental health.Analysis used SAS program, mean, t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression. The result was as follow：Research object's level of mental health is moderate. The mean is 50.140.Man, married situation, the area of born is urban, when family is consist of 3-4 members, high educated level, high economic situation, having a drink, when the amount of drink is a little. Such above situations are appeared to general characteristics factor for high mental health.When conviction about life is higher and in a good relationship with neighborhood and friends, having a religion, feel in emotional support, stress managing by sing a song or dancing, above situation makes them healthier. But workaholics, stress managing by drinking or smoking, nothing have coping skill so only enduring the anger and stress, in these situation rural people become mentally worse.Mainly influencing factor of mental health identified such as economic level, area of born place, the amount of drinking once a time. Finally, for managing rural area person's mental health, psychiatric nurse have to manage the area people based on above factors.

Effects of Prolongea Isolation in Extreme Environments on Stress, Coping, and Depression1

This influence of prolongea isolation in an extreme environment on depressive symptoms, personality, and coping resources was examined in 121 members of the United States Antarctic Program in 1988–1989. Subjects were followed for a 1‐year period in Antarctica. Winter‐over personnel experienced an increase in depressive symptoms, avoidance as a coping method, and emotional discharge as a coping resource from baseline (T0) to Year‐1 (T1). At T0, education, negative life events, job‐related stress, low self‐confidence, active cognitive and behavioral coping methods, and low satisfaction with social support were independent predictors of depressive symptoms. At T1, negative life events, low self‐confidence, active behavioral and avoidance coping methods, affective regulation as a coping resource, and low satisfaction with social support were independent predictors of depressive symptoms. However, with the exception of T0 depressive symptoms, none of the social and demographic characteristics and T0 psychosocial measures predicted T1 depressive symptoms. The results of this study support the hypothesis that coping may be more strongly associated with environmental conditions that influence severity of stressor and availability of coping resources than with more remote and stable background factors.